2. To sum up, black ugliness is the name of traditional Chinese medicine, that is, if the seed coat of morning glory is gray-black, it is called two ugliness together with white ugliness [1].
Ipomoea nil
Morning glory is a convolvulaceae plant, which is a dry and mature seed. It is like an orange petal, 4 ~ 8 mm long and 3 ~ 5 mm wide. The surface is grayish black or yellowish white, with shallow longitudinal grooves on the back, and a little hilum at the lower end of the abdominal ridge line, which is slightly concave. Hard, light yellow or yellow-green folded cotyledons can be seen in the cross section, which is slightly oily. Slight breathing, pungent, bitter and numb. Stir-fried morning glory slightly bulges, the color deepens, the section is light yellow and slightly fragrant [2]. Medicinal materials with gray-black seed coat are called black ugliness, and those with yellow-white seed coat are called white ugliness, which are collectively called two ugliness [1].
Morning glory is bitter and cold; Toxic [2]. It belongs to lung, kidney and large intestine meridian [2]. It has the functions of purging water, relaxing bowels, eliminating phlegm, killing insects and attacking accumulation [2]. Can be used for the treatment of water swelling, constipation, phlegm retention, cough and asthma due to adverse qi, abdominal pain due to worm accumulation, ascaris lumbricoides, and parasitic diseases. Raw morning glory tends to excrete water to reduce swelling and kill insects [2]. It is used for abdominal pain caused by water swelling, constipation and insect accumulation [2]. Stir-fried morning glory can reduce toxicity, relieve medicinal properties, avoid damaging healthy qi, easily crush and stir-fry, and be good at promoting digestion and guiding stagnation [2]. It is mostly used for dyspepsia, qi-adverse phlegm obstruction [2].
Petunia is also known as black ugly, white ugly, ugly and morning glory.
Horn flower [1].
4. The prescription of black ugliness is named morning glory, black ugliness, white ugliness, second ugliness, grass golden bell, fried morning glory and second ugliness [2].
The source of black and ugly morning glory is the dry and mature seeds of morning glory or purple morning glory of convolvulaceae.
Medicinal materials with gray-black seed coat are called black ugliness, and those with yellow-white seed coat are called white ugliness, which are collectively called two ugliness [1].
Seeds of Petunia hybrida. Seeds of P. nil(L.)Choisy belonging to the same plant are also used as medicine for morning glory.
6. The dark and ugly original plant forms an annual twining herb, and the whole plant is densely covered with long white hair. Leaves alternate, broadly cordate, entire; The petiole is almost as long as the total pedicel. Inflorescence has 1 ~ 3 flowers; Sepals 5-parted, lobes ovate-lanceolate, about 1 cm long, apex and tail tip; Corolla white, blue-purple or purple-red, funnel-shaped, 5 ~ 8 cm long; Stamens 5; Ovary 3-loculed. The capsule is spherical. 5 ~ 6 seeds, ovoid, black or yellow-white. The flowering period is from June to September, and the fruiting period is 7-65438+1October.
Born in bushes, villages and roadsides in Shan Ye; Cultivate more. It is distributed all over the country.
7 Harvesting and primary processing of black ugly In late autumn, when the fruit is ripe and the shell is not cracked, cut the plant, dry it in the sun, sow the seeds and remove impurities [2].
8. The pharmacognostic characteristics of the black ugly morning glory are like orange petals, 4 ~ 8 mm long and 3 ~ 5 mm wide. The surface is grayish black or yellowish white, with shallow longitudinal grooves on the back, and a little hilum at the lower end of the abdominal ridge line, which is slightly concave. Hard, light yellow or yellow-green folded cotyledons can be seen in the cross section, which is slightly oily. Slight breathing, pungent, bitter and numb. (People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10 Edition))
9 The processing of black and ugly Petunia "Lei Gong Baking Theory" first recorded the steaming method of wine, namely: "Where it is used, it is dried, but it is washed in water, and the floater goes [2]. Take those that sink out to dry, steam them with wine, dry them from beginning to end, and remove the black skin in spring [2]. "
In the Tang Dynasty, there were decoctions ("The Secret of Outer Taiwan"), decoctions and lime decoctions ("The Secret of Immortal Healing and Dipsacus") [2].
In the Song Dynasty, there were fried and ginger wine systems (Taiping Sheng Hui Square); Fried bran (dustpan); Toilet system ("standby materia medica for political and economic rehabilitation"); Salt, fried rice, steaming, Evodia rutaecarpa and other methods ("Biotechnology General Record") [2].
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the former method was basically adopted, and Puji Fang also had vinegar boiling and water boiling [2]. "Shoushi Baoyuan" can be soaked in tooth soap juice [2].
Now the main processing methods are fried yellow and so on [2].
9. 1 processing method of morning glory 9. 1. 1 morning glory takes the original medicinal materials, removes impurities, and mashes them in time [2].
9. 1.2 stir-fry the morning glory. Take the morning glory, put it into a cooking container, heat it with slow fire, and fry it until it swells, crackles, deepens its color and has a light yellow cross section. [2].
9.2 The finished Petunia is characterized by orange petals, and its surface is grayish black (black ugly) or yellowish white (white ugly) [2]. There is a 1 shallow longitudinal groove on the back, and there is a little hilum at the lower end of the abdominal ridge line, which is slightly concave [2]. Efforts [2]. Smellless, hard, numb [2].
Stir-fried morning glory slightly bulges, the color deepens, the section is light yellow and slightly fragrant [2].
9.3 The processing function of raw morning glory tends to drain water to reduce swelling and kill insects [2]. It is used for abdominal pain caused by water swelling, constipation and insect accumulation [2]. Such as Zhouche Pill (Jingyue Quanshu) filled with water control and detumescence; Petunia powder is used to treat abdominal pain caused by insects (Shen's sacred book) [2].
After processing, morning glory seeds can reduce toxicity, alleviate medicinal properties, avoid damaging healthy qi, and are easy to be crushed and decocted, good at promoting digestion and guiding stagnation [2]. It is mostly used for dyspepsia, qi-adverse phlegm obstruction [2]. For example, it can be used to treat weaning, abdominal distension, constipation, excessive phlegm, asthma and cough in children (China Pharmacopoeia) [2].
9.4 Storage method: Store in a dry container, seal it and place it in a ventilated and dry place [2].
10 morning glory is black, ugly and bitter; Toxic [2]. It belongs to lung, kidney and large intestine meridian [2].
1 1 Efficacy Black Ugliness and Indication Petunia have the functions of purging water, relaxing bowels, eliminating phlegm, expelling worms and attacking accumulation [2]. Can be used for the treatment of water swelling, constipation, phlegm retention, cough and asthma due to adverse qi, abdominal pain due to worm accumulation, ascaris lumbricoides, and parasitic diseases.
Work in diarrhea, expel water, eliminate food accumulation and kill insects [1]. Indications: edema, ascites, difficulty in defecation, beriberi, excessive phlegm, cough and asthma, constipation caused by gastrointestinal stagnation, acute diarrhea followed by severe diarrhea, abscess and abdominal pain, salivation and worm accumulation [1].
Raw morning glory tends to excrete water to reduce swelling and kill insects [2]. It is used for abdominal pain caused by water swelling, constipation and insect accumulation [2]. Such as Zhouche Pill (Jingyue Quanshu) filled with water control and detumescence; Petunia powder is used to treat abdominal pain caused by insects (Shen's sacred book) [2].
Stir-fried morning glory can reduce toxicity, relieve medicinal properties, avoid damaging healthy qi, easily crush and stir-fry, and be good at promoting digestion and guiding stagnation [2]. It is mostly used for dyspepsia, qi-adverse phlegm obstruction [2]. For example, it can be used to treat weaning, abdominal distension, constipation, excessive phlegm, asthma and cough in children (China Pharmacopoeia) [2].
12 the chemical constituents of morning glory are morning glory, morning glory acid C, D, cis morning glory acid, niacin and so on.
The seeds contain morning glory glycoside, gallic acid, rye horn and so on. [ 1].
Immature seeds contain a variety of gibberellins and their glycosides [1].
Morning glory glycoside is hydrolyzed to produce morning glory acid, crotonic acid and so on. [ 1].
Petunia rotundifolia seeds also contain Petunia [1].
13 pharmacological effects of black odor Both water extract and alcohol extract have purgative effects on mice [1]. The effective component causing diarrhea is mainly morning glory glycoside, which is decomposed in the intestine to cause diarrhea [1].
Morning glory can also stimulate smooth muscle [1].
Methanol extract can resist oxidation [1].
14 usage and dosage of black ugly: grind into powder (take the head and tail) and swallow1~ 2g; Decocting: 3 ~ 6g [1].
Use it carefully. Pregnant women should not take it [1]. Should not be used with croton [1].
16 morning glory poisoning morning glory, also known as black ugly, white ugly, grass golden bell, two ugly, etc. , is a powerful drug. It is the mature seed of Petunia fragrans or Petunia rotundifolia. It contains morning glory glycoside and various alkaloids, and its main pharmacological effects are diarrhea, stimulation of uterine smooth muscle, anthelmintic, diuresis and stimulation of intestine. [3]
The adverse reaction mechanism of 16. 1 Its component, morning glory glycoside, decomposes into morning glory when it meets bile and intestinal juice in the intestine, which has a strong * * * effect on gastrointestinal mucosa, and can also damage the kidney and central nervous system, leading to speech disorder and coma. [4]
16.2 clinical manifestations include dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool or hematuria, high fever, coma, weakness of limbs, shortness of breath, and severe cases may damage the central nervous system and cause shock and death. [4]
16.3 the main points of treating morning glory poisoning are [4]:
1. Promote poison discharge, induce vomiting and gastric lavage, and take milk and egg white orally. Intravenous infusion, vitamin K and calcium lactate supplementation.
2. Symptomatic treatment: intramuscular injection of atropine 0.5mg, oral administration of compound camphor tincture 2ml, 3 ~ 4 times a day, if necessary, can stop spasm and diarrhea; Correct electrolyte disorder.
17 black ugly 17. 1 Pharmacopoeia standard is morning glory.
Qianniuzi
Morning glory
17.2 source this product is the dried and mature seed of morning glory or purple morning glory of convolvulaceae. In late autumn, when the fruit is ripe and the shell is not cracked, cut the plant, dry it in the sun, bury the seeds and remove impurities.
17.3 features The appearance of this product is orange petals, 4 ~ 8 mm long and 3 ~ 5 mm wide ... The surface is grayish black or yellowish white, with shallow longitudinal grooves on the back, and a little umbilical cord at the lower end of the ventral ridge, which is slightly concave. Hard, light yellow or yellow-green folded cotyledons can be seen in the cross section, which is slightly oily. Slight breathing, pungent, bitter and numb.
17.4 Identification (1) Taking this product. After soaking in water, the seed coat cracked, and it was obviously sticky when twisted by hand.
(2) The powder of this product is yellowish brown. The epidermal cells of seed coat are dark brown, irregular in shape and wavy in wall. Single cell without glandular hairs, yellowish brown, slightly curved, 50 ~ 240 microns long. There are secretory cavities in cotyledon fragments, which are round or oval, with a diameter of 35 ~ 106 μ m, and the diameter of calcium oxalate clusters is 10 ~ 25μ m, and grating tissue fragments and bright bands can be seen from time to time.
(3) Take this product powder 1g, put it in Soxhlet extractor, heat and reflux it with proper amount of petroleum ether (60 ~ 90℃) for 2h, discard the petroleum ether solution, evaporate the solvent in the residue, add the mixed solution of dichloromethane and methanol (3: 1), stand for 6h, and recover the solvent to 5? Ml, as the test solution. In addition, 65438+/-0g of morning glory control medicinal material was taken, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Then the caffeic acid reference substance is added with methanol to prepare a solution per 1m 1 containing 1mg as the reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (appendix ⅵ b of Pharmacopoeia I, 20 10), take the test solution 10 ~ 20μ l and the reference solution 3μl, respectively, and spot them on the same high-efficiency silica gel G thin-layer plate, with dichloromethane methanol formic acid (93: 9: 4) as the developing agent, unfold, take out, dry and spray phosphorus. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same blue-black spots appear in the positions corresponding to the chromatograms of the reference medicinal materials and the reference substance.
The water content of 17.5.1shall not exceed 10.0% (Appendix ⅸ h First Method of Pharmacopoeia 20 10).
17.5.2 The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (Appendix ⅸ k of Pharmacopoeia 20 10).
17.6 alcohol-soluble extract was determined (Pharmacopoeia 20 10, Appendix X? A) Under the cold soaking method, when ethanol is used as the solvent, it shall not be less than 65438 05.0%.
17.7 Petunia decoction pieces 17.7. 1 processing 17.7. 1 Petunia impurity removal. Mash it with time.
17.7.1.1.1has the same characteristics as medicinal materials.
17.7.1.1.2 identify the same medicinal materials.
17.7.1.1.3 Check the same medicinal materials.
17.7.1.1.4 The extract is the same as the medicinal material.
17.7. 1.2 fry the morning glory, take out the morning glory, and fry it to a slight drum according to the frying method (appendix 2 d of Pharmacopoeia I, 20 10). Mash it with time.
This product looks like morning glory, and its surface is dark brown or yellowish brown, slightly raised. Slightly fragrant.
The extract of17.7.1.2.1is the same as the medicinal materials, and shall not be less than 12.0%.
17.7. 1.2.2 The test (total ash) is the same as that of the medicinal materials.
17.7.2 Sexual taste and bitter and cold meridian tropism; Toxic. Enter lung, kidney and large intestine meridian.
17.7.3 Functions and indications: purging water, relaxing bowels, eliminating phlegm, killing insects and attacking accumulation. It can be used for edema, constipation, phlegm retention, asthma and cough due to qi adverse reaction, and abdominal pain due to insect accumulation.
17.7.4 Usage and dosage 3 ~ 6g. Take the pills in powder, each time 1.5 ~ 3g.
17.7.5 note that pregnant women are prohibited; Not applicable to croton and croton cream.
17.7.6 Store in a dry place.
17.8 Source