1 Alpinia officinarum planting techniques

Alpinia officinarum belongs to Alpinia of Zingiberaceae, also known as Alpinia officinarum, ginger, etc. Alpinia officinarum mainly lives in tropical areas, which has high medicinal value and is also a traditional Chinese medicine in southern China. Generally speaking, Alpinia officinarum likes warm and humid environment, has the characteristics of drought resistance and waterlogging resistance, and is not suitable for planting in areas with strong sunshine. In the area where Alpinia officinarum is planted, certain shelter is needed to provide hidden conditions for Alpinia officinarum. Therefore, when growers choose planting areas. Priority is given to sloping land or gentle sloping land with convenient irrigation and drainage and fertile and loose soil as the main place for planting Alpinia officinarum, and intercropping with fruit trees and cassava. In the process of planting Alpinia officinarum, growers should choose better varieties. At present, the varieties of Alpinia officinarum selected by most growers are cultivated varieties. This kind of Alpinia officinarum grows in a cylindrical shape with many bends and branches. 9 cm long. There are fine longitudinal wrinkles and taupe wavy connections on the surface of Alpinia officinarum, showing a gradual color distribution from reddish brown to dark brown, as shown in figure 1. Solid, unbreakable, fragrant and spicy. In the process of planting, the grower should first prepare the soil, plough and dry the soil in autumn and winter, and add 3% phoxim granules to the soil for fertilization, at the same time ensure the leveling of the planting area, and choose the breeding method according to the actual situation of the planting area. At present, there are two main modes of communication. One is seed reproduction. The seed breeding season is usually in autumn. On the premise of ensuring the row spacing of every 10 cm, evenly scatter the seeds in the ditch of the whole seedbed, then cover the planted seeds with soil, and then water the Alpinia officinarum seeds to ensure the soil is moist. Alpinia officinarum will germinate after 20 days, and it will take about half a year to raise seedlings after the seeds germinate. The second is rhizome propagation. Rhizome propagation is usually harvested in April-June. Dig the underground part of Alpinia officinarum and cut off the excess stems and leaves of the upper branches. Young roots with dense buds and no diseases and insect pests are selected as seeds, and then the roots of Alpinia officinarum are planted in caves with diameters of 45 cm and 75 cm, ensuring that only one Alpinia officinarum is placed in each hole, and the direction of buds is always upward. When placing the root of Alpinia officinarum, do a good job of mud filling and compaction. Six centimeters.

Figure 1 Alpinia officinarum

2 Planting area management

2. 1 garden management

Because the main planting areas of Alpinia officinarum are Hainan and Guangdong, the land in the planting areas is mainly lateritic red soil, with obvious sedimentary layers and acidic soil. Therefore, in the process of land management, growers should improve the soil to ensure that the growing environment of Alpinia officinarum is always in the best state. Lateritic red soil is usually highly erosive, with little biomass and poor fertility. In the process of planting, growers should increase organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer as much as possible to ensure the balance of soil nutrients in the planting area. At the same time, clay mixed with sand should be used to improve acidic soil, and acid fertilizer should not be used as much as possible to ensure that the acidity of the land will not continue to deteriorate, thus creating a good external environment for the growth of Alpinia officinarum. In addition, in the planting area with shallow soil layer, deep ploughing and ripening should be carried out to improve the growth environment of Alpinia officinarum, so that the soil layer where Alpinia officinarum distributes roots has better permeability and can better absorb nutrients. Deep ploughing and ripening should be controlled as far as possible in autumn, with the application of base fertilizer in autumn.

2.2 Diagnosis and correction methods of Alpinia officinarum deficiency

Alpinia officinarum will lack elements during its growth, which limits its growth to some extent. Therefore, growers should always observe the actual situation and growth state of Alpinia officinarum. If the lower tip is curled, whitened, withered and the leaf edge is dry during the growth process, it means that Alpinia officinarum is short of nitrogen. If Alpinia officinarum grows slowly, the leaves are dark green, and the position where the roots are exposed to the surface gradually begins to show bright yellow distribution, accompanied by dry tip, it means that Alpinia officinarum is short of phosphorus; If the leaf edge at the lower part of the main branch gradually turns yellow and brown, but the middle part of the leaf remains dark green, it means that Alpinia officinarum is deficient in potassium. Based on this situation, growers should take corresponding measures according to the specific growth situation of Alpinia officinarum, and improving soil fertility is the most effective way. By changing the soil pH, the soil fertility can be improved and balanced, so as to ensure that the element deficiency disease shape will not appear during the growth of Alpinia officinarum.

2.3 Fertilization

Fertilization of Alpinia officinarum can be divided into two parts. One is base fertilizer. Base fertilizer can make Alpinia officinarum obtain sufficient and balanced nutrients during germination and maturity, make Alpinia officinarum grow healthily, and help to improve the growth environment and soil fertility of Alpinia officinarum. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and a large number of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added to provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of Alpinia officinarum. The second is topdressing. Alpinia officinarum does not need topdressing in the early growth stage. After planting and growing Alpinia officinarum for 50 days, the diluted water and fertilizer from human and animal feces were applied to the planting area, and the compound fertilizer was applied again after the plant was closed, and the topdressing amount was controlled at 20? 25 kg /667 m2. After topdressing, soil should be cultivated around Alpinia officinarum plants to promote the growth of Alpinia officinarum. See table 1 for the application concentration of nutrient elements in Alpinia officinarum.

Table 1 Alpinia officinarum nutrient application concentration

2.4 Irrigation

Alpinia officinarum likes warm and humid environment, and has the characteristics of drought tolerance and fear of waterlogging. Therefore, growers should fertilize and irrigate Alpinia officinarum according to the actual situation in the planting process, so as to ensure the normal growth of Alpinia officinarum and master the irrigation time and methods in the planting area of Alpinia officinarum. Under normal circumstances, growers should use surface irrigation to introduce water into the garden surface to form plots between crops, and irrigation water will flow with the direction of the surface. If Alpinia officinarum is irrigated under drought conditions, it is likely that the root system of Alpinia officinarum cannot get enough water due to low terrain and low soil water content, which will affect the normal growth of Alpinia officinarum. Therefore, growers should irrigate under the condition that the soil landscape can ensure the normal absorption of Alpinia officinarum, and only in this way can the normal growth of Alpinia officinarum be effectively guaranteed.