White fruit is the common name of ginkgo, known as is a living fossil in plants. White fruit kernel for cooked food, can be fried, can be stewed, can be burned, cooked kernel like emerald, the entrance is fragrant and glutinous, can be made into a variety of sweet and savory dishes style. White fruit contains albuterol, albuterol acid, with bactericidal function, phlegm, cough, tonic lung, menstruation, stop turbidity, diuretic and other therapeutic effects.
Value of ginkgo (white fruit)
(a) nourishing health food ginkgo for the top grade dried fruit, nutritious, sweet taste, edible history of more than 1000 years. The kernel contains rich nutrients and specific chemical substances. Hot crystal essence is slightly sweet, slightly bitter, fresh taste, moisten the throat and lungs, widely used in food preparation and beverage brewing, is a favorite tonic health products. In the international reputation for a long time, for the traditional foreign trade commodities. Per 100g of fresh white fruit containing protein 6.40g, fat 2.40g, carbohydrates 35.9g, crude fiber 0.3g, calcium 10.0mg, phosphorus 218.0mg, iron 1.50mg, carotene 0.38mg, vitamin B10.22mg, vitamin B20.05mg, niacin 1.3mg, vitamin C2.72mg. per 100g. Dried white fruit contains protein 13.60g, fat 3.00g, carbohydrates 71.2g, crude fiber 0.5g, calcium 19.6g, phosphorus 427.0mg, iron 2.90mg, carotene 0.22mg, vitamin B10.44mg, vitamin B20.10mg, niacin 2.6mg. the Song Dynasty period of the white fruit listed as a tribute, the sacred, y appreciated by the emperor. The white fruit was highly appreciated by the emperor. Today in China, the United States, Germany, Japan, South Korea and other countries are also widely used in food cooking, brewing, beverages, wine, cookies, canned goods and so on.
(2) medicinal value
1, the medicinal value of white fruit White fruit in addition to rich in nutrients, but also contains ginkgolic acid, hydrogenated white fruit acid, hydrogenated white fruit subacid, ginkgol, white fruit phenol, five-carbon polysaccharide; lipid surface alcohol petal Yu points. China's ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, has been listed as an important medicinal material, white fruit acid inhibits a variety of rod Cao and skin fungi, and staphylococcus, streptococcus, diphtheria, charcoal plague rod seedling, blight, colon, typhoid fever and so on have different degrees of inhibition. Fresh white fruit will be pounded, mixed into a paste milky, apply to the affected area; can cure wine thorns, head and face ringworm, nose and face wine residue and other diseases. Extracted from the fresh fruits of the white fruit of the white fruit of phenol A, has a hypotensive effect, and make the permeability of blood vessels increased. In recent years, clinical trials around the world proved that regular consumption of white fruit, can cure hypertension, stop leukorrhea, cough spade fever; cardiovascular, respiratory, skin diseases, toothache and other diseases, and clearing heat to disturb the bacteria, warming the lungs and qi, expanding blood vessels, increase blood flow, phlegm asthma, wrinkles, anti-aging, moistening the voice and throat, fitness and cosmetic, prolonging life and other effects. With the development of science and technology and pharmaceutical industry, ginkgo preparations have been developed from the traditional water decoction to pills, tablets, needles, punch and other dosage forms. Over the years, the white fruit market has been in short supply, according to statistics, 1980 ~ 1994 15 years, the price of ginkgo seeds rose nearly 60 times. Thus, where there are ginkgo trees in the region and the masses have gained extremely considerable economic benefits. Such as Shandong in Tancheng County, Tancheng County, Xincun Township, only the ginkgo seed income accounted for more than 50% of the total agricultural income. China's annual exports of white fruit to Europe and the United States, Southeast Asia, white fruit has become China's exports of important economic products. Some people believe that the economic benefits of cultivating ginkgo, although very good, but the ginkgo is a famous tree, from cultivation to gain time is too long. In fact, as long as the management is strengthened, high-trunk cultivation of ginkgo less than 15 years to enter a large number of results, dwarf cultivation of ginkgo 10 years to reach the requirements of productivity. In recent years, around the construction of ginkgo productive dense planting garden, has been able to do a year of seedling, two years of grafting, three years of flowering and fruiting, five years to form a certain yield target requirements. Tancheng County, Shandong Province, with a density of 333 to 666 per mu, through various measures, grafting 5 years later, the average mu yield 51.7kg of white fruit, the highest yield of a single plant 1kg. Guangxi Botanical Research Institute, with a density of 42 per acre, grafting 7 years after the average mu yield of 85.45kg of white fruit; the highest yield of a single plant 4.72kg.
2. The medicinal value of the leaves of ginkgo biloba The economic value, only its economic value, is manifested in the past, and it is not the only one. In the past, the economic value of ginkgo biloba was only shown in its nucleus and timber, and now its leaves have also become an important pharmaceutical raw material of Chinese and foreign attention. In recent decades, scientists from various countries in the field of pharmacy and chemistry have analyzed and researched ginkgo biloba, and found that the composition of the leaf is extremely complex, and in addition to the medicinal value far exceeds that of white fruit, it has become a new raw material for food and beverage. The deep processing and comprehensive utilization of ginkgo biloba has attracted people's attention. Germany, France and other countries every year from several countries in East Asia (mainly South Korea, China) a large number of imports of ginkgo biloba, as a pharmaceutical raw materials, finished products sold worldwide. About Ginkgo biloba tablets, finished products are sold all over the world. On the study of ginkgo biloba leaf contents, domestic and foreign reports are many, ginkgo biloba flavonoids, terpene lactones (ginkgolides and bilberry lactones) and other major medicinal components, but also contains polyisoprenol, phenols, acids, steroids, sugars, leaf wax and other components. According to analysis and determination, contains more than 160 kinds of components, including flavonoids active substances have 35 kinds of ginkgo biloba in the chemical composition, in addition to early known ginkgol, mangiferic acid, glutenol, known as ginkgolides 5 kinds of ginkgolides, that is, ginkgolides within the A, B, C, M, J, which ginkgo biloba ester B is a platelet-activating factor orange anti-factor, for the only natural world, the vascular diseases of man, has a good therapeutic effect, the most The international pharmaceutical industry attaches great importance to. Ginkgo biloba extract is used in Chinese medicine to treat asthma and allergic reactions, and ginkgolide is the main medicinal component. Ginkgolides are diterpene derivatives, and the leaves also contain bilobalide, a sesquiterpene compound. The main role is to treat neurological, spinal cord and brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Flavonoids are important components in the leaves, flavonoids include biflavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, catecholic acid, epicatecholic acid, pre-trachelene, etc.; Song Yongfang dipped into the crude extract of Ginkgo biloba and proposed four kinds of biflavonoids, namely, adoxanthin, ginkgolide, isoginkgolide, and albigolide. Among them, the west adoxanthin win as the main component, and proved that these four kinds of biflavonoids with the highest content of autumn leaves, up to 17.2mg / g, while the summer leaves are less, containing only 4.4mg / g; the French from the leaves proposed amanto flavin. Ginkgo biloba also contains a variety of flavonoid glycosides, mainly oak steroid, iso oak steroid, canthaxanthin-3-rhamnose glucoside, garcinia cambogia glucoside, steroidal II, ginkgo glucoside, etc., extracted from ginkgo biloba green leaves, with vasodilatation and spasm relief, treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Ginkgo biloba long chain polyisoprenoid alcohol has anti-tumor and promote hematopoietic cell proliferation and differentiation. Clinical trials in Tianjin Infectious Diseases Hospital have proved that ginkgo biloba extract has the effect of expanding small blood vessels in liver and improving the circulation of tissue emblem. Ginkgo biloba glucoside has a protective effect on the human body, the former anthocyanin polyphenols have anti-free radicals. Free radicals damage human cell membranes, form senescent pigments, destroy protein structure, inactivate enzymes, destroy hormones, cause DNA mutations, damage the immune system, leading to biological aging and accelerated death. Ginkgo biloba extract can remove free radicals in the body, which also plays a role in anti-aging and prolonging life. Ginkgo biloba as a pharmaceutical raw material, has caused the international pharmaceutical, chemical and botanical community attaches great importance to the 1960s of this century, Ginkgo biloba preparations sold in the European market. The original
West Germany developed Tibonin, since its introduction in 1965, the world's best-selling. French natural synthetic pharmaceutical company Tanakan, produced in 1975, is also a best-seller. In Europe, in addition to Germany and France, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands and other countries also produce ginkgo biloba preparations. Taiwan Banqiao Vinas International Co., Ltd. also produces ginkgo biloba preparations, the mainland production of shuxin, ginkgo biloba glycoside tablets, the efficacy of remarkable, ginkgo biloba preparations will become an important industry in China's pharmaceutical industry. Japanese people with ginkgo biloba powder into coffee, chocolate sugar and chewing gum, made of ginkgo biloba coffee, ginkgo biloba chocolate sugar and ginkgo biloba chewing gum, unique flavor. Foreign research materials, ginkgo biloba contains a substance called α-hexenal, is a new type of pesticide, there are prospects for development and utilization. China's folk use ginkgo biloba extract for soil pesticide habit. Take ginkgo biloba 20 ~ 25kg, add water 30 ~ 40 times, fully pounded, filtered pulp, that is, for the leaf liquid, add water 1 ~ 2 times dilution, spraying cotton aphids, killing rate of 80% or more, and can prevent and control red spider, rice borer, mulberry leech and other pests. The medicinal value of ginkgo biloba is more and more people's attention, at present the world about ginkgo biloba preparations, health care products and cosmetics annual sales are estimated to be 2 to 4 billion U.S. dollars. Vigorously develop the ginkgo biloba processing industry with high added value. Before the large-scale utilization of ginkgo biloba, the price of each ton of dry leaves is 3,000 to 4,000 yuan. At present, the world's demand for ginkgo biloba is very urgent, so the price of ginkgo biloba is also rising year by year, in 1994 has risen to 8,000 to 10,000 yuan. According to statistics, 1985 to 1994 within 10 years the price of ginkgo biloba turned over 17 times, its economic benefits are very impressive. According to the current level of production, 2 years old ginkgo seedlings, each hectare can be extracted from 1500 to 2250kg of dry leaves, each hectare can be collected 18000 to 27000 yuan. 3 years old ginkgo seedlings, each hectare can be extracted from 3000 to 4500kg of dry leaves, the income of up to 36000 to 54000 yuan or more, 1 ton of ginkgo biloba dry leaves processed into a quality qualified extract, the value of 40,000 yuan, will be made of extract into pharmaceuticals, the price rose to 8000 to 10000 yuan. After the extract is made into medicine, the value will rise to more than 200,000 yuan. That is to say, the leaf extract pharmaceutical value-added ratio of about 1:5:25, in the international due to the expensive price of drugs, this ratio can be up to 1:5:100 or so. Therefore, through the deep processing of ginkgo biloba; the development of a variety of high efficacy, safety and good ginkgo biloba preparations, not only can be benefited by human beings, but also can produce great economic benefits, so that the resource advantage into an economic advantage.
3. The medicinal value of ginkgo seed coat root and skin Ginkgo seed coat contains sugar, polysaccharide, trace elements, glycosides, glycosides and phenols, organic acids, amino acids, proteins, flavonoids and other substances. Ginkgo outer bark water-soluble components have a good cough expectorant, anti-allergic mediators and antigens, antispasmodic on the respiratory tract smooth muscle, antihypertensive, increase coronary artery blood flow, reduce cardiac output, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, and improve the ability to withstand hypoxia effect. Ginkgo's exocarp aqueous extract 100 times liquid has a significant inhibitory effect on apple anthracnose, citrus resin disease and anthracnose bacteria. The inhibition rate of 100 times solution of organic alcohol extract on anthracnose bacteria is 87.9%-100%; the control rate of 20 times solution on eggplant vermilion leaf mite, peach aphid and cabbage greenfly reaches more than 80%. Ginkgo root, skin of the water extract, on some fruit trees anthrax bacteria have inhibition, on the aphid, cabbage greenfly also has a certain refusal to eat and kill the effect, is the development of pollution-free pesticides of important raw materials. Some extracts of ginkgo has a cosmetic effect, made of a series of cosmetics have been put on the market, quite popular with customers.
The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba
〖Traits of herbs〗:
Olong or fusiform capsule, 2.5-9 centimeters long, 1.5-4 centimeters in diameter. The surface is gray-brown or light brown, and covered with gray-yellow slippery pilose. Hard and brittle, easy to break, section horny, glossy, wall thickness of 2 ~ 3 mm, smooth inner wall, with black-brown dead aphids and gray powdery excreta. Gas special, taste astringent.
〖Main ingredient〗: This product mainly contains 60%~70% gall tannin. Gallic acid 2%～4%. As well as resin, fat, wax, starch and so on.
〖Pharmacological effects〗:
Gallic acid has a precipitating effect on proteins, after contacting with the ulcerated surface of skin and mucous membranes, the proteins of the tissues are coagulated, resulting in a layer of membranes and presenting an astringent effect; the proteins of the glandular cells are coagulated to cause inhibition of secretion, resulting in the drying of mucous membranes, and the precipitation of proteins of the nerve endings, which can be presented as a weak local anesthesia phenomenon. Gallic acid can form insoluble compounds with several metals and alkaloidal glycosides, and is thus used as an antidote. Gallic acid has an astringent effect on the small intestine, which can reduce intestinal inflammation and stop diarrhea. In addition, it has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, disease, anthrax, diphtheria, green pus and other bacilli.
〖Sexual flavor〗: sour, astringent, cold. Attributed to lung, large intestine, kidney meridian.
[Efficacy and application〗:
Constricting the lungs and lowering the fire, astringing the intestines and stopping the diarrhea, fixing the essence and stopping the emission of spermatozoa, and stopping the bleeding by restricting sweat. It can be used in the treatment of prolonged cough due to lung deficiency, phlegm cough due to lung heat, prolonged diarrhea and dysentery, spermatorrhea and spermatorrhea, spontaneous sweating and night sweating, hemorrhagic leakage, hemorrhoidal blood in stools and hemorrhoids, wet sores with running water, ulcers without astringency, anal detachment without retracting, and prolapsed uterus.
External washing: take five times 90 grams of decoction water, dregs spare. First, the hair with shampoo, and then with this liquid soak and dry can be. This method of seborrheic dermatitis on the head has therapeutic effects.
Gargling: take five times the amount of decoction water, used to gargle 3 to 4 times a day. Can treat acute and chronic stomatitis, gingivitis, wind and fire toothache. In addition, acute and chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis also have a certain effect.
Fill the umbilicus: take five times the amount of powder mix vinegar, fill the navel. External gauze wrapped, daily before going to bed to set, the next morning to wash. This method is used for the treatment of pediatric enuresis, spermatorrhea, women's uterine prolapse effect is remarkable.
Soak: take 300 grams of five times the seeds, decoction water 1 basin, soak feet for 15 minutes, once a day. Can treat foot eczema and athlete's foot. Can also be soaked to treat hemorrhoids.