Cephalotaxus is an excellent variety of Cephalotaxus, is a rare dry fruit species of Chinese specialty, not only the cultivation value is high, but also the ecological landscape benefits, that Cephalotaxus how to plant it? The following is the method of planting Cephalotaxus I organized for you, I hope it will be useful to you.
Methods of planting CephalotaxusFirst, the choice of afforestation sites
Cephalotaxus ideal afforestation sites require shade, air humidity, light is not too strong, and well-drained low hills. Slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam, purple soil, lime soil and other soils are suitable for planting Cephalotaxus, pH value less than 5 below the soil is not suitable for the development of Cephalotaxus, the soil to deep fertile, good permeability, low water table is the most suitable. Cephalotaxus results require sufficient sunlight, so afforestation above 400 meters above sea level should be selected on sunny slopes and half-sunny slopes.
Second, the forest floor organization
According to the characteristics of the young Cephalotaxus need shade and the need for soil and water conservation, retaining the forest floor vegetation, resulting in side shade, the survival of the afforestation and growth are favorable. General slope in 15 ℃ below the full reclamation, advocating forest food sets; 15 ~ 30 ℃ of the slopes of the strip of land consolidation, retaining the vegetation of the terraced canyon, on the strip can be forest food sets; 30 ℃ above the slopes of the fish scale pit block consolidation, digging large holes (80 cm in diameter, more than 50 cm deep), retaining the hole perimeter of the vegetation.
Third, planting technology
1, full base fertilizer: in the planting hole, each hole into the fully rotted organic fertilizer 10 to 20 kg, there are no conditions should also be filled in layers of weeds, leaves, turf and so on. Slightly stepped, the height of no more than half of the depth of the hole, above the topsoil around the backfill planting hole, and about 10 cm above the ground level, can also be divided into two backfill. Before planting, each hole into the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0.5 kg, and mixed with the hole soil.
2, planting density: tephrosia economic life is extremely long, hundreds of years of large trees can occupy hundreds of square meters, while tephrosia growth is extremely slow, taking into account the economic benefits of the early stage, the general density of the initial planting of 4?4 or 4?5 meters, about 35-42 plants per acre is appropriate.
3, seedling specifications: the requirement of authentic Cephalotaxus and by the determination of the asexual lineage of the excellent asexual lineage as afforestation materials. Seedling specifications require more than 2+3 grafted seedlings, and must be with soil ball or container seedlings. The specific requirements of the good seedling: robust growth, developed root system, main and lateral roots; height seedlings more than 50 cm; diameter thickness of 1.5 cm or more; grafted seedlings require more than 3 branches.
4, planting time: early spring (late February ~ early March) is appropriate; late fall and early winter (November ~ February) can also be afforestation, but pay attention to the temperature to be above 0 ℃, adequate water supply.
5, planting methods: Tephrosia seedlings should be shallow planting, the soil surface is higher than the root diameter of 2 to 3 cm can be, do not bury the grafted parts of the soil, planting should pay attention to the seedling to be vertical, the root system should be stretched out, fill the soil half of the plucked seedlings step on the ground, and then fill the soil step on the ground, and finally covered with virtual soil. After planting, timely use of shade net shade.
6, pollination tree configuration: Tephrosia is dioecious, in the surrounding areas without male plants when afforestation must be configured 3% to 5% proportion of male Tephrosia grafted seedlings as pollination tree. Tephrosia is wind-pollinated, and should be planted in the female Tephrosia tree upwind.
Fourth, forest underplanting
Tephrosia grows slowly, the young age and the need for shade, can be taken underplanting Tephrosia three-dimensional mode of operation, you can choose the appropriate deciduous arbor forest and other economic forests need to be transformed Tephrosia, pay attention to the degree of depression should not be too high, the permeability of the light in more than 40% is good.
Fifth, young forest nurturing
First, shade, 1~3 years after afforestation of seedlings, seedling perimeter set up a protective circle, shade netting shade; second, plowing and weeding. Afforestation after 1~2 years of spring and autumn growing season should be in the protective circle often weeding, outside the circle as far as possible to retain vegetation; third is fertilization, 2 years after the young trees to organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer, composite fertilizer), per plant nitrogen fertilizer 50~100g, composite fertilizer 100~150g, organic fertilizers 5~15kg, fertilizer is not in direct contact with the root system
Cultivation techniques of Cephalotaxus tephrosusSeedling cultivation
1. p> 1, choose varieties
The varieties of Cephalotaxus are numerous, almost every Cephalotaxus producing area has local native varieties, so when choosing Cephalotaxus varieties, it is necessary to follow the ? So when choosing Cephalotaxus varieties, it is necessary to follow the principle of "suitable place, suitable tree, suitable varieties". Principle, try to choose the local native varieties for cultivation. If you need to introduce the good varieties of foreign countries, you have to investigate the ecological environment of the introduction place in advance, only the introduction place and the introduction place of the same or similar ecological environment, the introduction of the seeds may be successful.
2, seedling cultivation
Cultivation of Tephrosia seedlings is divided into two stages: cultivation of live seedlings; grafting on live seedlings, cultivation of grafted seedlings.
3, live seedling cultivation
(1) seed selection
When choosing seeds, according to the color of the seeds to be selected, generally when the fruit aril turns from green to yellow-green as seedling seed is more suitable. Seeds are harvested first remove the aril, and then the seeds are laminated sand storage, to maintain moderate dry humidity, sand storage seeds generally begin to germinate one after another in late November, to the end of March of the following year, the germination rate of high up to 90% or more, when the root of the embryo is long 0.5 ~ 1.5cm can be sown.
(2) sowing
Before sowing to choose a good nursery land, nursery land requires easy access, deep soil, water supply, in order to ensure the implementation of construction and irrigation measures, the requirements of the power supply. Before sowing, make a good seedbed and apply enough fertilizer, mainly farmyard manure, 40-50 quintals per 667m2. The seedbed is about 1.5m wide and 15cm high. The seeds should be sterilized first when sowing, and can be soaked in 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10min, then removed and washed with water.
Sowing row spacing of 15cm?30cm, seeds placed horizontally down the embryonic root, shallow mulch (about 3 times the horizontal diameter of the seed), covered with straw, to keep the bed loose and moist. late April to early May after the emergence of seedlings should be built in time to build the shade, shade high 1.8m, light transmission 50% -60%; drought to be watered every 10 ~ 15d watering 1 time, watering methods to sprinkler irrigation is appropriate. The middle of the seedling period can be appropriate amount of fertilizer to urine manure is the best; pests are mainly tigers, available diclofenac 2g/m2. mixed with loess and sprinkled on the roots for prevention and control. Cephalotaxus seedlings in the moldy season is also prone to root rot, to first artificially remove the diseased plant, and then use firewood ash and lime at a ratio of 8:2 at 100-150kg/667m2 applied to the roots of seedlings, can prevent the spread.
(3) Cultivate grafted seedlings
Select 2a seedlings as rootstock, scion in about 40a strong mother tree to take, with 1a branches; grafting time in mid to late March, when the sap has begun to flow but the tree buds have not yet sprouted. Grafting method can be used cut, can also be used split, grafted and then cultivated 2 ~ 5a seedlings up to 50cm or more can be used for afforestation.
Silvicultural technology
Silvicultural land selection
According to the biological and ecological characteristics of Cephalotaxus tephriticus, choose the hills or low mountains with an altitude of less than 700m, a slope of 5-15, a loose, deep and fertile soil (with a layer of more than 80cm of soil and more than 20cm of humus), a well-drained area with a stone and gravel content of less than 20.0%, plenty of water, and easy access to the site for afforestation.
The seedling plantation is a forestation site.
Seedling selection
Seedling specifications: the minimum selection of 2+2a grafted seedlings, more than 50cm high, with a developed root system, thick trunk, thick glossy leaves, scion new upward good, no pests and diseases. It is best to transfer seedlings nearby and plant them as soon as possible. Because the fleshy roots of Cephalotaxus seedlings are prone to water loss resulting in lateral fracture, bare root seedlings should be transplanted with lodging, try to keep the root system intact and unharmed, and take measures to moisturize the root system.
Planting density and configuration
The initial planting density of 33 plants/667m2, with a spacing of 4m?5m.
Configuration method: the Cephalotaxus is dioecious, and the grafted seedlings are used in afforestation, which must be configured with a certain proportion of male Cephalotaxus grafted seedlings as a pollination tree, and the ratio of female Cephalotaxus and male Cephalotaxus configurations is 8:1.
Ground preparation and planting
According to the According to the characteristics of young Cephalotaxus needing shade and the need for soil and water conservation, it is important not to split the mountain and reclaim the whole land when clearing the forest land. With a small block (diameter of about 1m) or narrow horizontal band (with a width of about 1m) for splitting the mountain land, and then dig large holes, which can not only improve the survival rate, but also greatly save the cost of afforestation, but also conducive to soil and water conservation. Planting hole specifications 100cm?100cm?100cm, planting hole is too deep, poor drainage places, to open the water guide ditch to prevent stagnant water root rot. The hole is full of well-decomposed organic fertilizer, cover the soil over the winter, moisture retention and fertilization, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
The use of planting seedlings afforestation, in order to prevent frost damage, afforestation time should be in the winter or early spring between the selection of windless cloudy days or rainy weather is preferred. Cephalotaxus seedlings should be planted shallowly, the soil surface is higher than the root diameter of 2~3cm can be, do not bury the grafting part of the soil, planting should pay attention to the seedling to be vertical, the root system should be stretched, fill half of the soil after pulling the seedling stepped on the ground, and then filled with soil and stepped on the ground, and finally covered with virtual soil. It is best to strengthen the plant properly, such as inserting small bamboo poles to support the bundling, in order to prevent the grafting mouth split. You can allocate appropriate male plants in the forest or upwind to facilitate pollination after ageing.
Management and conservation
Foster management
The first year after planting is to do a good job of drought protection in the summer hot weather. Tephrosia trees are susceptible to sunburn, so it is necessary to build a shade shed for shade. Shade shed to mesh material is appropriate, that can maintain shade, but also have a certain degree of light transmission. Build time in early April. In winter, in order to prevent frostbite, in the second nurturing can be covered with weeds on the roots of seedlings, to until the role of heat preservation. To be the end of the harsh winter together, and then buried the mulch in the soil, to prevent pests and diseases infection, but also can play a green fertilizer role.
The first 2a after afforestation at least 2 times a year, the first time in May-June, the second time in August-September, the use of cave digging and caressing method, that is, the implementation of shallow digging around the roots of seedlings, avoid deep digging to prevent injury to the roots, and the rest of the place using the cut caressing, to prevent soil erosion. Fertilizer can be combined with young forest nurturing at the same time, fertilizer varieties try to choose organic fertilizer, conditions are not enough can also be used compound fertilizer. 3a before afforestation can be appropriate forest grain interplanting, but interplanting should be a little far away from the root.
Water and fertilizer management
July-August each year for a comprehensive nurturing, nurturing method is still cave caress combined with cut caress, will cut caress weeds covered in the roots, reduce summer water evaporation. Conditional places can build drip irrigation system, at the same time the required fertilizer through the drip irrigation system applied to the roots of Cephalotaxus. Every year in the spring of January-February, you can apply an organic fertilizer, farmyard manure is the best, will be buried in the roots of fertilizer.
Shaping and pruning
Shaping and pruning is an important measure to improve the yield of Cephalotaxus. To realize the high and stable yield of Cephalotaxus, it is necessary to control the height and crown width of the tree. Tree shape is too high, the amount of nutrients required is higher, but also not conducive to the harvesting of Cephalotaxus, but the tree shape is too low, it may not be able to give full play to the advantages of yield, so in the afforestation of 2a that can be appropriate pruning, the specific requirements: the height of the tree crown is controlled in the 4-5m, the crown should be maintained in the multi-trunk, rounded-head shape. After the crown is finalized, regular pruning is also carried out every year, this time as long as the cut is over-dense branches and diseased and dead branches can be.
Loosening and weeding
In the winter December-January, combined with fertilization, the soil around the Cephalotaxus tree is y turned once, fallen leaves are buried in the soil, and the forest floor is planted with crops such as beans and grasses, to improve soil aeration and to increase the revenue. shallow turning once in July-August, and cutting weeds and shoots to cover the inter-root of Cephalotaxus trees, in order to facilitate the cooling of the moisturizing and harvesting.