Raising a note by a semitone is called a sharp. It is represented by "#" (sharp sign), usually written in the upper left part of the note.

As shown in the picture:

The standard note is lowered by a semitone, represented by "b" (flat), which is also written on the upper left part of the note.

The basic sound is raised by a whole tone, which is called a double-sharp tone, which is represented by "x" (re-sharp). This is related to the mode.

The basic tone is lowered by a whole tone, which is called a heavy flat tone. Represented by "bb" (heavy drop).

To change a sound that has been raised (including re-raised) or lowered (including re-lowered) to the original sound, use the restoration mark "ヰ" to express it. :

Rests

In addition to the pitch and length of sounds, music also has rests. The symbol that represents the rest of the sound is called a rest and is marked with "0". In layman's terms, it is a symbol without sound or sound.

Rests are basically the same as notes, and there are six types. But generally, 0 is directly used to replace the added horizontal line. Each additional 0 increases the duration of a quarter rest.

Half steps and whole steps

There is a "distance" between notes, and this distance is a relatively calculable value. In music, the smallest distance between two adjacent tones is called a semitone, and the distance between two semitones constitutes a whole tone. On the piano, two keyboards that are closely connected on the piano keyboard form a semitone, while two keyboards separated by one keyboard form a whole tone.

Dotted Notes

A dotted note is a small dot on the right side of a note, which means increasing the duration of the previous note by half. Dotted notes are called dotted notes.

Rhythm

To master music reading, you must first master the rhythm. To practice mastering the rhythm, you must be able to hit the beat accurately. The method of hitting is: when the hand is down, it is half a beat, when the palm is lifted up, it is half a beat, and when the hand is lifted up, it is one beat.

Reference materials:

Baidu Encyclopedia Simplified Music Score