The efficacy and function of Chinese medicine rhubarb, speaking of Chinese medicine rhubarb, everyone should be familiar with it. Rhubarb is a common Chinese herbal medicine in life. Rhubarb is rich in trace elements and has many effects on human body. Let me share the efficacy and function of rhubarb for you, and interested friends will come and learn about it quickly.
Efficacy and function of rhubarb 1 1. Effect on digestive system.
1, catharsis.
Rhubarb decoction has obvious purgative effect, which is affected by temperature and time. Its hot water leaching solution is concentrated under acid or alkali conditions or under reduced pressure at 50℃, and its diarrhea effect is not affected. The purgation effect of boiling water bath under atmospheric pressure is only 1/3 of that of the original leaching solution. The purgation effect decreases with the increase of heating time. There are about 20 kinds of purgative components in rhubarb, including anthraquinones, diananthrone and their glycosides, and the main purgative component is diananthrone compound-sennoside. The purgative activities of sennosides A, B, C, D, E and F are similar. The effect of 8- glucose rhein anthrone is also strong; Anthraquinone compounds 8- glucose aloe-emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein and 8- glucose rhein are weak. Chrysophanol, emodin and physcion have almost no purgative activity. To sum up, anthrone or anthraquinone has a stronger effect, and diananthrone-sennoside has the strongest effect. The purgative mechanism is that the effective components of rhubarb are metabolized by bacteria into bioactive metabolites in the digestive tract and play a purgative role. Further studies have proved that 99% of the flora in the digestive tract of mammals are anaerobic bacteria, and some of them, such as Clostridium cuneiform, have β -glucosidase activity. When cultured with sennoside, the amount of sennoside A decreases with the growth of fine bacteria, and at the same time, 8- glucorhenate anthrone increases, reaching the peak at 12 hour, and then rapidly. Therefore, the dimer of anthraquinone glucoside-sennoside is cracked into monomer 8- glucorhein anthrone under the action of reductase, and then hydrolyzed into rhein anthrone by β-glucosidase, and then oxidized into sennosine. The above metabolites can directly stimulate the local or submucosal nerve plexus of the large intestine to strengthen peristalsis, and at the same time, inhibit the absorption of water by 45% compared with normal by inhibiting Na+and K+-ATPase, resulting in volumetric diarrhea. Another way of rhubarb's purgative action is that sennoside is absorbed by the small intestine, converted into aglycone by the liver, and then stimulates pelvic plexus to cause large intestine peristalsis and diarrhea. At the same time, part of it is transported to large intestine with blood as prototype or aglycone, which stimulates submucosal plexus and nerve plexus of deeper muscles, or Auerbach plexus, which makes intestinal motility hyperactive and causes diarrhea.
2, cholagogic effect.
Giving rhubarb decoction to anesthetized dog duodenum can increase bile secretion and reduce Oddi sphincter tension. In anesthetized rats, rhubarb decoction or water-alcohol extract was given to the duodenum, and the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice increased within 30 minutes, while the activity of pancreatic amylase decreased. Rhubarb not only promoted bile secretion, but also increased the contents of bilirubin and bile acid. When people take rhubarb decoction 15g, the gallbladder is obviously enlarged. It is consistent with the results of animal experiments.
3, liver protection.
Rhubarb has obvious protective effect on experimental liver injury. Liver injury in mice induced by carbon tetrachloride, SGPT increased as high as 6 16 and 0 u100 ml, compared with 289U/100ml in the normal control group. After rhubarb treatment, SGPT decreased to 325 and 3U/ 100ml, and the degree of hepatocyte necrosis and degeneration. Further study found that rhubarb could significantly reverse the fatty infiltration and fibrosis of liver tissue caused by carbon tetrachloride, the swelling of microsomes, the obvious decline of cristae, and the destruction of ribosomes by rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, it can also restore the weakening of monoamine oxygenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities caused by carbon tetrachloride. It shows that rhubarb has preventive and therapeutic effects on liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride. In vitro experiments show that rhubarb decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on hepatitis B antigen HBsAg and emodin, and the effect is weakened or disappeared after tannin removal. At the same time, it also proves that rhubarb quinone and emodin have no inhibitory effect on HBsAg.
4. Anti-gastric and duodenal ulcer.
Two experimental gastric ulcer models, stress and pyloric ligation, were used in rats. It was observed that raw rhubarb, rhubarb stewed with wine and rhubarb charcoal could prevent and treat stress gastric ulcer bleeding. It can obviously reduce the bleeding area and the number of bleeding foci, and the effect is similar to that of cimetidine. When the rats with pylorus ligation gastric ulcer are fed with rhubarb powder suspension, the ulcer area can be reduced, and the gastric juice volume, gastric juice free acid and pepsin activity can be reduced, but the rhubarb stewed with wine has no such effect. The model experiment of gastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol showed that rhubarb decoction 1g/kg, 0, 5g/kg and 0, 25g/kg had obvious protective effects on gastric mucosa, and also increased the content of prostaglandin E2 PGE2 and PGE2 in gastric wall to prevent the injury of gastric mucosa caused by ethanol.
5. Effect on intestinal smooth muscle.
Electrophysiological studies show that rhubarb has obvious excitatory effect on colon electrical activity, which is characterized by cluster discharge, obvious increase in peak frequency, amplitude and contraction activity. Atropine can block the excitatory effect of rhubarb on colon. Prevent the absorption of water in colon, accelerate the discharge of dissolved substances in colon and play its purgative role. It is suggested that the purgative effect of rhubarb is exerted through M receptor in intestine.
Second, the role of pathogenic microorganisms.
1, antibacterial.
Rhubarb has a wide antibacterial spectrum, and the sensitive bacteria are staphylococcus white, lemon color, golden yellow, hemolytic streptococcus A, B, Mycobacterium phlei, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli, human tuberculosis, gonococcus, Echinococcus, and especially staphylococcus and gonococcus are the most sensitive. Rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin have the strongest antibacterial effects among the antibacterial effective components. Rhubarb has inhibitory effect on Bacteroides fragilis, an intestinal anaerobic bacterium, which can decompose complex bile acids into free bile acids, enhancing the irritation to mucosa and leading to cholecystitis. The mechanism of antibacterial action is mainly the inhibition of bacterial cell nucleic acid and egg white synthesis and sugar metabolism.
2. Antifungal.
The rhubarb decoction and its water, alcohol and ether extracts have inhibitory effects on some pathogenic fungi in vitro. It is highly sensitive to favus xulan and Mongolian variety, Trichophyton concentric, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton violet, Microsporum ferruginosum, Trichophyton megasporum, Trichophyton floccosum and Trichophyton interphalangeal. Dilute alcohol leaching solution is more effective than water or ether leaching solution.
3, anti-virus.
Rhubarb decoction has a strong inhibitory effect on influenza virus. The minimum effective dose was 5mg per embryo determined by chicken embryo semi-in-vivo screening method. In addition, it has certain inhibitory effects on Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
Third, the anti-tumor effect.
Intraperitoneal injection of rhein and emodin has a strong inhibitory effect on melanoma in mice, rhein also has an inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer, but has no obvious effect on sarcoma S 180 and subcutaneous type of Ehrlich cancer, and emodin also has an inhibitory effect on breast adenocarcinoma, and its mechanism is mainly to inhibit the oxidation and dehydrogenation of cancer cells. Rhein can also inhibit the glycolysis of cancer cells.
Fourth, anti-inflammatory effect.
Rhubarb has obvious inhibitory effect on experimental inflammation in many animals. Oral administration of rhubarb decoction to mice can significantly inhibit acute exudative inflammation of mouse auricle caused by croton oil. At the same time, it can inhibit formaldehyde-induced, egg white-induced paw edema in rats and cotton ball granuloma proliferation in mice and rats. However, the effect of wine stewing rhubarb and rhubarb charcoal is weak, which may be due to the loss of effective components by wine stewing and the destruction of effective components by rhubarb charcoal. The anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb may be that cyclooxygenase pathway in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway is blocked, the production of hydroxyarachidonic acid is increased, and lipase pathway is activated to achieve anti-inflammatory effect. Experimental research shows that the anti-inflammatory effect of rhubarb is not through pituitary-adrenal system, because adrenalectomy does not affect its anti-inflammatory effect, on the contrary, it does not reduce the content of ascorbic acid in adrenal gland, and rhubarb decoction can not prolong the survival time of underage rats after adrenalectomy and prevent compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral adrenal gland after adrenalectomy. Therefore, rhubarb has no adrenocortical hormone-like effect
5. Influence on microcirculation.
After the ethanol extract of rhubarb was given to mice, the diameter of auricular microcirculation artery and vein had no obvious effect, but it could slow down the blood flow and appear granular red fine cell aggregates, especially in venules. Local drip can not change the contraction of mesenteric microvessels caused by adrenaline, and it has no obvious expansion of gastric arterioles and venules, and there is obvious granular flow, especially venules. The effects of rhubarb on microcirculation are mainly slow blood flow, red blood cell aggregation, local blood viscosity increase and local blood vessels do not dilate, so the local hemostasis process is strengthened.
Sixth, hemostasis.
Rhubarb has been used to stop bleeding for a long time, especially in recent years. Various animal experiments have proved that rhubarb can obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time, and its hemostatic effective components are chrysophanol, physcion, α-catecholamine and gallic acid. They reduce the permeability of blood vessels, improve brittleness, excite local blood vessels in gastrointestinal tract, inhibit the activity of pepsin, significantly increase the activity of fibrinogen, decrease the activity of anticoagulant factor III, increase the content of α2 macroglobulin, and competitively inhibit the activities of plasmin and plasminogen activator. Gallic acid can also reduce fibrinolytic activity. In addition, it can also increase the adhesion and aggregation ability of platelet, and obviously shorten the bleeding and coagulation time.
Seven, lipid-lowering effect.
For experimental hypercholesterolemia, rhubarb alcohol or water extract can obviously reduce serum total cholesterol, but petroleum ether extract is ineffective.
Eight, diuretic effect.
After oral administration of emodin and rhein 30mg/kg for 2-4 hours, the urine volume, sodium excretion and potassium excretion reached the peak, which was significantly higher than that of the control. Aloe emodin and chrysophanol have weak effects. Daguesin, rhein and aloe-emodin have strong competitive inhibitory effects on Na+and K+-ATPase in renal medulla.
Nine, the influence on urea nitrogen.
Rats were fed with 0% or 75% adeno-hum Ⅲ feed to establish chronic renal insufficiency model. Intraperitoneal injection of physiological saline solution of Yahuang water extract can significantly reduce hematuria nitrogen and creatinine, indicating that rhubarb has a good effect on azotemia. On the one hand, rhubarb can reduce the amino nitrogen absorbed by intestine, on the other hand, rhubarb can inhibit the decomposition of body protein, thus reducing the contents of urea nitrogen and creatinine in blood. Acute toxic nephritis in guinea pigs was induced by subcutaneous injection of mercuric dichloride, and urea nitrogen could be reduced by irrigation with rhubarb water immersion agent.
Efficacy and function of rhubarb 2 1, moistening intestine and relaxing bowels
Traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb has a certain purgative effect, which can moisten the intestines to relax the bowels and cleanse the intestines and stomach after taking it at ordinary times. Usually, people can directly treat constipation with rhubarb, and they can take rhubarb alone or together with traditional Chinese medicines magnolia officinalis, immature bitter orange and mirabilite.
2. Clearing heat, purging fire, cooling blood and stopping bleeding
Clearing away heat, purging inflammation, cooling blood and stopping bleeding is also an important role of rhubarb, which can be used together with coptis chinensis when people have common adverse symptoms such as vomiting blood, hemoptysis and hematochezia. In addition, people can also use rhubarb to treat swelling and pain due to blood heat, and the therapeutic effect is quite excellent.
3. Clearing away heat and toxic materials
Traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb can clear away heat and detoxify. Usually, it can be used for the treatment of human heat-toxic ulcers. It can be used together with honeysuckle, dandelion and other traditional Chinese medicines for clearing away heat and detoxifying. In addition, people can also be treated with rhubarb when they have intestinal abscess and abdominal pain, but it needs to be used together with Chinese medicinal materials such as peach kernel and mirabilite.
4. Treat burns
Rhubarb can clear away heat and toxic materials, and it can also relieve inflammation and pain. It also has an excellent therapeutic effect on human scald. During treatment, rhubarb can be ground into fine powder and directly applied to the injured part, or it can be mixed with Sanguisorba powder and mixed with sesame oil and directly applied to the injured part, which can reduce swelling and relieve pain and prevent infection of the injured part.