Kaiyuan, located in the north of Liaoning Province, is an ancient city in the north of Liaoning Province. It belongs to Tieling City, located in the northeast of Tieling City and east of the middle reaches of Liaohe River. It borders Xifeng County and Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County in the east, Tieling County in the south, Faku and Changtu County in the west and Lishu County in Jilin Province in the north. East longitude123 43'-124 48', north latitude 42 6'-42 53'. It is 89.4 kilometers long from east to west and 86 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 2824.78 square kilometers. The total population is 580,000 (2004). The jurisdiction covers an area of 2,828 square kilometers, with 2/kloc-0 township streets and a total population of 580,000. The eastern part of Kaiyuan belongs to the remaining veins of Changbai Mountain, with dense trees; The west is the hinterland of Songliao Plain, with fertile fields thousands of miles away. Excellent geological characteristics, obvious location advantages and great development potential. The Municipal People's Government is located at No.28, Xinhua Road, Xincheng Street, with zip code 1 12300. Administrative division code: 2 1 1282. Area code: 04 10. Pinyin: Kaiyuan Stone.
Kaiyuan is a national key grain-producing area and commodity grain base with good natural conditions. The main crops are rice, corn and sorghum. Oil crops are famous for soybeans, and cash crops are mainly tobacco. Kaiyuan is rich in hawthorn, and its main specialties are garlic and Chinese cabbage. The forest area of the city is 6.5438+0.36 million mu. Wild plant resources are abundant, including ginseng, bracken, hazelnut, auricularia auricula, mushrooms and artificially cultivated Chinese herbal medicines. Production bases of agricultural and sideline products such as edible fungi, ginseng, flax, asparagus and vegetables have developed rapidly. The "three supports and one development" of pigs, fish and cattle has become a local feature.
There are more than 20 kinds of underground mineral resources in Kaiyuan, including gold, nickel, aluminum, copper, zinc, coal, marble, limestone and building stone. The reserve of marble in the base is 965.438 billion cubic meters. "Black and white flower" diorite is a rare decorative stone. Placer gold is one of the main minerals in this city, with great reserves. This city has a good industrial base and certain development potential. Industrial enterprises 15, mainly including mining, machinery, agricultural machinery, chemical fertilizer, cement, textile, brewing, oil extraction, printing, food, paper-making bone glue and so on. Among the main industrial products, 2/kloc-0 products, such as gelatin, canned food, flax, clothing and arts and crafts, have entered the international market and sold well in seven countries and regions, including the United States, Germany, Japan and Hong Kong.
Kaiyuan has convenient transportation. The trunk line of Changda Railway starts from Kansai, the Kaifeng branch line leads eastward to Xifeng, and there are 29 special railway lines. The highways are mainly Beijing-Harbin, Liao Kai and Shenping lines, with county and township highways.
The old city of kaiyuan city is an ancient cultural city with a long history. Before the Qing Dynasty, it was always a border town with a government. There are more than 20 ancient pagodas, mosques, Zhongyuan Temple, Wang Yao Temple, Guandi Temple, Bell and Drum Tower and Golden Line River. In addition, there is the Chongshou Temple Tower in the southwest of the old city, which was built in Liao and Jin Dynasties. The tower is 47 meters high, with a conical octagon and 13 layers of dense eaves. It echoes the 0/3-meter-high bell and drum tower in the city center, forming a beautiful landscape of "overlooking the bell tower and shining ancient towers".
physical geography
Topographic mountains
Kaiyuan is a branch of Changbai Mountain, with high terrain in the east and low terrain in the west, hills in the north and south, and mountainous areas in the southeast. The western part is low and flat, which is a part of Qinghe and Liaohe alluvial plains. Fertile soil, suitable for machine farming and irrigation, is one of the county's grain-producing areas. The central part belongs to the semi-hilly and semi-plain area. There are Liaohe River, Qinghe River, Kouhe River, Chaihe River, Shahe River and other large and small rivers 166, which are rich in water resources. The whole territory is divided into six mountains, half water, three fields, half roads and manors.
The width of Kaiyuan from east to west is 102km, and the length from north to south is 65km, with a total area of 3 164km2. The territory is high in the east and low in the west, and the eastern part is a branch of Changbai Mountain, which belongs to mountainous hills with an altitude of 200-600 meters. The main peaks are Chengzi Mountain and Lazi Mountain, which are 800 meters above sea level. The west is an alluvial plain with an altitude of 50- 100 meters.
Hydrological conditions
There are many rivers 160 in Kaiyuan. The main rivers are Liaohe and its tributaries Qinghe, Kouhe, Chaihe and Shahe. There are 9 large and small reservoirs such as Qinghe Reservoir, Nanchengzi Reservoir and Guanmenshan Reservoir, with a total storage capacity of 654.38 billion cubic meters; There are three groundwater systems, and the water quality reaches the national second-class drinking water standard.
Climatic characteristics
Kaiyuan city belongs to the continental climate of north temperate monsoon type. The cold period in winter lasts for 4 months, the coldest month is 65438+ 10, the average temperature is about-14.5℃, and the extreme low temperature is -35℃. Summer is very hot, usually lasting for 3 months. The hottest month is July, the average temperature is around 23℃-24℃, and the extreme high temperature is 36.5℃. The annual sunshine hours are about 2585 hours, which are longer in May and June, and shorter in 1 1 and1February. The first frost period is in late September, the last frost period is in late April, and the frost-free period is about 145- 165 days. The average annual precipitation is 678 mm, with a southwesterly wind in spring and summer and a northwesterly wind in autumn and winter, with an average wind speed of 45 meters per second.
natural resource
Kaiyuan is rich in resources. There are 1 1 rivers such as Liaohe River and Qinghe River, and 9 large and medium-sized reservoirs such as Qinghe Reservoir and Nanchengzi Reservoir, with a total storage capacity of 10 billion cubic meters. The groundwater quality meets the national second-class drinking water standard. There are more than 20 kinds of proven mineral resources, such as gold, silver, aluminum, coal, marble, limestone and granite, with high grade, large reserves and great development value. Wild animal and plant resources are abundant, and hazelnuts, wild vegetables, edible fungi, Chinese herbal medicines and wood frogs have broad development prospects. There are many places of interest, the ancient city of Zhouxian looks antique, the mountains and rivers of the Daqing River are interdependent, the Longtan Temple in Ding Qi is magnificent, and the peaks of ivory mountain and Lazi Mountain are beautiful.
The origin of place names
In the seventh year of Yuan Taizong (123), Kaiyuan Wan Hu House was located in Heilongjiang, and then moved to Huanglong House (now Nong 'an County, Jilin Province). In the second year of Yuan Chengzong Yuan Zhen (1286), Kaiyuan Wan Hu House was changed to Kaiyuan Road. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1388), Kaiyuan Road Administration moved to Xianpingfu (now Kaiyuan Old Town in Liaoning Province) and changed its original site, hence the name "Kaiyuan". Kaiyuan ancient city is one of the earliest ancient cities in Ming Dynasty, and is known as "the ancient city in northern Liaoning".
The development of history
Qin, Western Han and jindun belong to the room.
The Northern Wei Dynasty was an unlucky place.
Sui belongs to black water.
The early Tang Dynasty belonged to Heishui County, Yanzhou.
During the reign of Xian Tong in Tang Yizong (AD 837), it belonged to Bohai State and Longquan House in Beijing.
Liao is Huanglong House.
Gold is the official land of Huining.
Yuan belongs to Kaiyuan Road.
Ming set up 30,000 Wei, Liaohaiwei and Anle House here.
In the third year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1664), it sold 30,000 imperial guards and set up Kaiyuan County, which belonged to Fengtian.
At the beginning of the Republic of China, it belonged to Fengtian Liaoshen Road.
During the Japanese imperialist occupation, it belonged to Fengtian.
In the early days of liberation, it belonged to western Liaoning Province.
1954 belongs to Liaoning province. It is a county under the jurisdiction of Tieling area. It is now a county under the jurisdiction of Tieling City.
1988 kaiyuan county was abolished and kaiyuan city (county level) was established.
In 2000, Kaiyuan City administered 1 1 town, 8 townships and 4 ethnic townships: Kaiyuan Town, Old Town, Weiyuanbao Town, Qingyunbao Town, Zhonggu Town, Bashu Town, Jingouzi Town, Babaotun Manchu Xibo Korean Town, Lianhua Town, Kaoshan Town and Ye Min Town; Shangfeidi Manchu Township, Xiafeidi Manchu Township, Huangzuzhai Manchu Township, LAM Raymond Manchu Township, Lijiatai Township, Majiazhai Township, Sanjiazi Township, Suburban Township, Chengdong Township, Ancient Castle Township, Chaihebao Township and Songshanbao Township. According to the data of the fifth census, the total population of the city is 529,736. Population of each township (person): Kaiyuan Town 129 124 Old Town 2503 1 Zhonggu Town 27754 Qingyunbao Town 25463 Baxu Town 27545 Weiyuanbao Town 23 12 Jingouzi Town 26644 Babaotun Manchu Xibo Korean Town 20699 Backer. Lianhua Town/KOOC-0/4/KOOC-0/59 Ye Min Town 2/KOOC-0/483 Suburban Township 29/KOOC-0/29 Chengdong Township/KOOC-0/7/KOOC-0/76 Gucheng Township/KOOC-0/0609 Sanjiazixiang/KOOC-0. 14547 Shangfeidi Manchu Township 9979 Xiafeidi Manchu Township 13862 Songshanbao Township 19 146 Lijiatai Township 18709 LAM Raymond Manchu Township 856
On February 6, 2002, Liao Zheng [2002] No.38 approved: cancel Kaiyuan Town and set up Xincheng Sub-district Office; Revoke suburban towns and set up Xingkai sub-district office; Cancel the old city and set up the old street office; Cancel the ancient castle township, Babao Manchu Xibo Korean town, and merge to form Babao town; Cancel Chaihebao Township and Kaoshan Town, and merge to form Kaoshan Town; Cancel Sanjiazi Township and Qingyunbao Town, and merge to form Qingyunbao Town.
Kaiyuan is called "the old capital of the Three Kingdoms" and "the important town of the Five Dynasties"
The "Old Capital of the Three Kingdoms" is the founding capital of Daikin, Eastern Xia and Dongliao.
At the end of Liao Dynasty, Jurchen Hong Yan was partly distributed in the vast surrounding areas with Zhou Xian as the center, and was subordinate to Zhou Xian's military forces. In September of the 4th year of Liao Tianqing (1 1 14), Aguda attacked Liao and won the first battle. In the same year 10, Ningjiang was conquered, and1early February, Zhou Xian was captured. Therefore, on the first day of the New Year (1 1 15), Akuta Yan Hong was proclaimed emperor in the first month of Shen's reign in Zhou Xian, and received the national yuan, which was recorded in all Liao histories and Liaodong chronicles.
At the end of the Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan mobilized the army. Jin was suspicious and wary of the Khitan people, the adherents of Liao Dynasty, and worried that they would echo the Mongols. So he ordered the Khitan residents all over the country to be sandwiched between two jurchen families. Brother Yelv couldn't stand the discrimination of Jin people and fled. 12 12 raised flags in Hanzhou (now Pianlian City, Lishu County) and Long 'an (Nong 'an, Jilin Province) to gather the Khitans' resistance money. 12 13 years, Yelv Liuge took advantage of the situation and captured Xianping, later known as the Liao King. "Turns out to be xianping.
Pu Xian Wannu, the general who founded the Kingdom of Eastern Xia, was a general in the late Jin Dynasty. After yehliu captured Xianping, he was ordered to lead hundreds of thousands of troops to capture yehliu on 12 14, but he was taken lightly. Soon after, I left my brother to fight, and Wannu took the opportunity to recover Xianping. In the same year, the imperial court was forced to move the capital by the Yuan Army offensive, and the northern road was beyond reach. 12 15 years, Wannu saw that gold was hopeless, rebelled against gold and started his own business. He is king in Xianping, known as the King of Heaven, with the title of Tiantai in Daxia _ Year. A few years later, under pressure, the capital moved to Yanji, Jilin.
Five dynasties town
Liao is the city, Jin is the city of Xianping, Yuan is the city of Kaiyuan Road, Ming is the garrison city of Liaodong North Road, and Qing is the garrison city of northern Liaoning. In these five dynasties, Kaiyuan City has always been the political and military center of northern Liaoning.
202 1, 1, in 2020, the ranking of influential counties in rural revitalization communication was released, and Kaiyuan ranked 3 15.
In June, 2020 165438+ 10, the Ministry of Water Resources announced the third batch of counties (districts) that reached the standard for the construction of water-saving society, and Kaiyuan City was on the list.
On March 20 19, kaiyuan city was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 18.
20 10 February, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development named Kaiyuan as the National Garden City in 2009.
In 2005, Kaiyuan ranked 4 1 among the top 100 counties of meat production in 2005.