The main diseases of lentils and control
Lentil gray mold
At present, gray mold occurs sporadically in the green lentils planted in the shed, should do a good job of preventing and controlling the development of the disease.
Prevention methods: (1) strengthen management. Do a good job in the shed temperature, humidity management, pay attention to ventilation to reduce humidity, control disease prevalence; at the same time, remove the diseased leaves, diseased pods, brought out of the shed to destroy. (2) Pharmaceutical control. Selection of 50% putrescine (fast-acting) wettable powder 1500 times, or 50% isobutyl urea (puhain) wettable powder 1500 times, or 40% mycophenolic net wettable powder 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times, such as spraying prevention and control, every 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, continuous prevention and control 2~3 times.
The lentil rotavirus
The rotavirus mainly affects the leaves. Seedlings can be infected, but the late onset of more. Leaf blade infection, the first brown round spots, the edge of reddish-brown, there are obvious concentric whorls on the spot, and later on the spot produced a lot of brown dots, that is, the conidiophores of the pathogen. The spot is easy to break when dry, the onset of serious leaves early fall off, affecting fruiting.
Prevention methods to pharmaceutical control: early in the onset of 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times liquid plus 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 75% Chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times liquid plus 70% dicenmanganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 40% carbendazim? Sulfur (methomyl) suspension 500 times liquid, or 10% phenyl ether metronidazole (Shikao) water dispersible granules 1000 times liquid, or 5% carbendazim? Manganese zinc (Xianxing) emulsion 600 times spray control, every 10 days or so 1 time, 2 ~ 3 times in a row, pay attention to spray evenly spray enough.
Lentil bacterial halo blight
Symptoms mainly harm the leaves. Early onset. Irregular water-soaked spots appear on the upper leaves or newborn leaves, and there is a 0.5-10 cm halo around the spots.
The pathogenesis is mainly through seed transmission. It has been reported that a seed carriage rate of 0.02% can cause disease epidemics, and the pathogen invades through stomata or mechanical wounds. Cold and humid areas are susceptible to the disease.
Prevention methods to select disease-resistant varieties, different varieties have obvious resistance differences. Strict seed disinfection to prevent the seed with bacteria. At the beginning of the disease, spraying 72% agro-streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 4000 times, or 40% bacterial fastidious wettable powder 600 times, or 14% complex copper water 300 times, and other agents. Every 7 days 1 time, control 1 ~ 2 times.
Lentil rust
Symptoms mainly infected leaves. At the beginning of the disease, the back of the leaf produces small yellowish spots, and then becomes rusty brown, bulging, small pustule-like spots. After the development, expand into reddish-brown summer spore pile, epidermal rupture scattered reddish-brown powder that summer spores.
Pathogenesis law summer spore germination bud tube, from the stomatal invasion to form summer spore pile, and then scattered summer spores for reinfestation. In the low-lying, poor drainage, excessive density, excessive nitrogen fertilizer and other conditions under the heavy disease.
Prevention and control methods ①Agricultural measures: avoid continuous cropping, reasonable planting, drainage after rain, reduce field humidity. Clean the field, reduce the source of reinfestation and overwintering bacteria. Cooperate with the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve plant resistance. Timely removal of diseased leaves in the center of the shed to prevent the expansion and spread of the disease. After harvest, timely removal of diseased plants, centralized destruction outside the shed or field cultivation on-site destruction. ②Pharmaceutical control: early in the disease, you can use 50% chlormequat emulsion 800 times, or 50% sulfur suspension 200 times, or 40% of dichlorazolone wettable powder 4000 times, or 40% of dichlorazol copper wettable powder 4000 times, or 12.5% of the speed of the Poly wettable powder 4000 times, or 70% of the dicenyldimethyl manganese zinc wettable powder 1,000 times plus 15% powder rust Ning wettable powder 2,000 times, or 2,000 times of the wettable powder. Powder 2000 times liquid, or 2.5% diclofenac emulsion 4000 times liquid, or 50% gramicidin wettable powder 450 times liquid and other agents spray control, every 7 ~ 10 days spraying 1 time, control 2 ~ 3 times.
Lentil black spot disease
Symptoms of the main damage to the leaves, spots round or suborbicular, size 8-15 (mm), brown, slightly concentric whorls, the diseased part of the birth of a black mold layer, that is, the pathogen conidiophore and conidia.
The pathogen Alternariabrassicae (Berk.) Sacc. var. phaseoliBrun. called brassica Streptococcus cauliflower beans var. Conidiophore solitary or 2-3 roots clustered, light olive-brown, apical color pale, unbranched, base slightly expanded, mostly straight, 1-4 septa, size 32-86x4-5.5(?m); conidia mostly solitary, inverted clavate, olive-brown, mouth cells are slightly longer, pale, unbranched, spores with transverse septa 4 The spores have 4-7 transverse septa, O-3 longitudinal septa, septa with constriction, size 29-54x11-15(?m). It has been suggested that this fungus is distinct from A. brassicas (Berk.) Sacc. It cannot be regarded as a variety of A. brassicae.
Transmission pathways and pathogenic conditions of the pathogen to mycelium and conidia in the diseased part or with the disease residue left in the soil overwintering. The following year to produce conidia spread by airflow or rain splash, the primary invasion and reinfestation. In the south, the fungus spreads from host to host, and there is no overwintering problem. Usually warm and humid weather or densely planted and sheltered ecological environment is conducive to the spread of the disease.
Harmless control method (1) reasonable dense planting, clear ditch drainage, greenhouse cultivation attention to improve ventilation to reduce humidity. (2) the end of the growing season thoroughly collected debris burned to reduce the source of bacteria. (3) Heavily diseased land or fields should be sprayed early to control, and timely control after flowering. Into the flowering, the average daily temperature of 25 ℃ or more, mastered before the onset of the onset of the beginning of spraying 40% Chlorothalonil suspension 500 times liquid or 58% mefenamic acid? Manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, 50% isobutyl urea wettable powder 1000 times liquid, 50% diclofenac manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, every 7 to 10 days and then spray 1 time, 3 to 4 times in a row. When the disease is serious, make-up spraying after the rain can improve the effectiveness of prevention.
Lentil brown spot disease
Brown spot disease is also known as brown edge white spot disease, the symptoms are mainly harmful to the leaves. Leaf blade front and back produce nearly round or irregular brown spots, edge russet, diameter 1 ~ 10 mm, after the middle of the spot becomes gray to gray-brown. When high humidity on the back of the leaf spots produced gray-black mold.
Pathogenesis The pathogen overwinters in the soil with the ascospores with the disease residue, and the early infestation in the next year is transmitted by the overwintering pathogens producing ascospores with the help of wind and rain, and the ascospores produced by the diseased parts are transmitted with the help of air currents. The disease is a high-temperature, high humidity disease, high temperature and rainy weather conditions, temperature 20 ~ 25 ℃, relative humidity higher than 85%, easy to develop.
Prevention methods ①Agricultural measures: rotate with non-legume vegetables for 2 years. Reasonable close planting, increase the application of potash fertilizer, clean the field, the residue of the disease will be concentrated and burned. ② Seed disinfection: pre-soak the seeds in cold water for 4 to 5 hours, and then transferred to 50 ℃ warm water small dip 5 minutes. ③ Pharmaceutical control: timely application of medicine at the early stage of the disease, you can use 80% diclofenac zinc wettable powder 500 times, or 45% diclofenac ammonium aqueous 1000 times, or 50% fumonisin wettable powder 600 times, or 25% raviridium wettable powder 800 times, or 20% benfenacoum emulsifiable concentrate 350 times, or 40% ethylphosphine aluminum wettable powder 200 times, or 66.5% PURIQUE Water 800 times liquid, or 50% gramicidin wettable powder 450 times liquid and other sprays. Spray 1 time every 10 days, continuous control 2 to 3 times.
Lentil virus disease
Lentil virus disease has a variety of manifestations, such as leaf mottling type, curly leaf atrophy type, bright veins wrinkled type, etc., of which the leaf mottling type is the most common.
Pathogenesis mainly by aphids, high temperature and drought, poor drainage, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, soil sticky conditions are conducive to the onset of disease.
Prevention and control methods In the early stage of the disease, we can use virus A wettable powder 500 times, or 0.5% anti-virus 1 water 300 times, or 20% virus net 500 times, or 20% virus A 500 times, or 20% virus 500 times, or 5% virus 500 times, or 20% virus 500 times, or 20% virus 500 times, or virus 500 times, or anti-virus 400 to 600 times wettable powder, or 1.5% anti-virus 500 times, or 20% virus A 500 times, or 20% virus A 500 times, or 20% virus 500 times. 600 times liquid, or 1.5% phytophthora emulsion 1000 times liquid and other agents spray. Spray every 5 to 7 days, 2 to 3 times in a row.