The architectural style of Hailongtun and its underlying defense concepts had a profound impact on similar fortifications during the same period and later generations, and played an important role in influencing the direction of history during the wars against Mongolia.

After Genghis Khan established the Mongol Khanate in 1206, he used his military might to wage frequent wars against his neighbors, expanding the territory of the Mongol Khanate.

In the third year of the Baoqing period (1227), the Mongols destroyed the Western Xia, and in the first year of the Duanping period (1234), the Mongols destroyed the Jin dynasty by joining forces with the Song dynasty.

After the destruction of the Jin, Mongolia and the Southern Song began a frontal conflict, and its strategy of outflanking the Southern Song from the west to the east made the Sichuan and Chongqing area the first place to be attacked, and there were frequent battles.

Between 1235 and 1239, the Mongolian army committed several crimes in Sichuan, Yang price, Yang Wen, father and son had three times to rate the sowing of the army north to participate in the war, and won many battles.

In the second year of Chunyou's reign (1242), Yu Jie was appointed as the ambassador of Sichuan, presiding over the whole of Sichuan's defense, and opened a list to invite the wise to offer advice.

Yang Wen, "three strategies to protect Shu," said: "More than a year, the northern division is like a no man's land, by not being able to protect the enemy in the gateway.

Where to move the town between Li Lang, the manager of the three passes, for a long time to live in this plan.

This is not a big move, choose the road to the key dangers, build a city of dreams for the foundation, this is the middle of the plan.

The next is to protect the river to defend themselves, even if the enemy to come ear." The first is to take the middle strategy (Song Lian: "Yang's Family Biography").

Then Yu Jie adopted the specific plan of Ran last night and Ran Pu, the brothers who were hermits in Baozhou, to "take charge of all matters relating to the resettlement of the city".

Ran's brothers then built more than 10 mountain towns along the river, centering on the Diaoyu City in Hezhou (present-day Hechuan, Chongqing), "all of which were built as barricades in the mountains, and W碁布星分, and served as the county seat for all the counties, where troops were gathered and grain was gathered for the purpose of guarding the city" (Song Shi Yu Jie Biography).

The cities are each other's horns, each other, composed of an effective defense system, played a positive role in the later war against Mongolia.

In the first year of Kaiqing (1259), Mongkol Khan died in the battle of Diaoyu City, an event that had a significant impact on the direction of subsequent history.

And all of this, with the active contribution of the people of Baozhou and personally experienced its events are inseparable.

"Yang Wen Shinto monument": Baoyou five years (1257), the two provinces of the Festival Minister Lv Wende and Yang Wen, "set a city as the root of the broadcasting of the state", and then built "Longyan New City".

Longyan is now Hailongtun, therefore, it is generally believed that Hailongtun began to build in 1257.

But combined with Yang Wen as early as in the second year of Chunyou, that is, to Yu Jie proposed to "build a city of water for the foundation" to see, the construction of Hailongtun seems to be earlier than 1257.

Yang Yinglong engraved in 1596, "Hussar General Oracle Longyan hoard prohibited monument" records: "Longyan hoard, is sowing the south of the place of beauty.

My first marquis thought in the barbaric production, can not be unprepared, and therefore repair it as a safeguard." It is said that the construction of Hailongtun, the purpose is to defend the neighboring ethnic minorities, not for the anti-Mongolian, then its construction should be earlier than the Baoyou five years.

These questions have yet to be answered by archaeological discoveries.

Documentary records, Bao You six years (1258) in the first month, the Southern Song court first sent Lv Fengnian to Sichuan, the supervision of broadcasting state and other places in the pass, Tun fence matters.

In April, the imperial decree of the Si State Tian Yingji to broadcast state *** build pass defense.

July, "Lv Wende into the broadcast, the edict of the Beijing Lake to give silver ten thousand taels" (Song Shi - Li Zong four).

A campaign to build passes to defend against the Mongol army was launched on a large scale.

It is certain that the defense concept of the mountain as a city has been popular in the broadcasting state since a long time ago, and it is a common **** knowledge from the palm of the broadcasting people to the hermits, which directly affects the construction of Hailongtun, Diaoyuocheng, and other mountain city defense system.

This defense concept and its products originated in the broadcasting state, played a very important role in the war against Mongolia.

Yang Yinglong repaired Hailongtun, which eventually became the base camp against the Ming court.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the "mountain as a base" became a common mode of defense in Southwest China, and there are still nearly a thousand of them.

They are built on the mountain, there are one or two stone walls around the mountain, there is a doorway and the outside of the connection, the wall in the open to create a house, the pattern and the Hailong Tun with the same, just a little smaller.

In the warring Ming and Qing dynasties, they were widely used by the Tois, bandits, squires, etc., in order to protect themselves.

All of this reflects the far-reaching impact of the earlier Hailongtun on the military defense system of the surrounding area in later generations.

Hailongtun is the product of tie-up system in Tang and Song Dynasty and the Tusi system in Yuan and Ming Dynasty, which witnessed the evolution of China's ethnic minority policy from tie-up system to Tusi system and then to the "Reform of the land and return it to the stream"; it is the main battlefield of the famous "Battle of Pingbao", which witnessed the development of Yang's family under the leadership of the Yang family. It is the main battlefield of the famous "Battle of Pingbao", which witnessed the splendor and destruction of Baozhou under the leadership of Yang family

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Baozhou was captured by the Nanzhao, and in the third year of the Xizong Emperor's Qianfu reign, Yang Duan was recruited to join Baozhou.

"Yang Duan, his first Taiyuan people, served in the Yue Huiqi, and then for the county's famous family.

Later, he made his home in Jingzhao.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Nanzhao rebelled, and trapped broadcasting state, and was unable to level for a long time.

Xizong Qianfu three years, under the imperial edict to raise the brave soldiers will discuss the ...... (end) on the petition, on the comfort and sent the ...... barbarians out of the Kou, the end of the strange troops to hit, defeated.

Seek to Na money alliance and retreat.

Tang Zuo moved to Houliang, the end of the angry disease, died.

The children and grandchildren then home in the broadcast" (Ming Song Lian, "Yang's Family Biography").

Until the Ming Wanli Broadcasting State Xuanhuai Yang Yinglong raised an army against the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court urgently deployed 240,000 troops in eight ways, in the following year, broke the Hailongtun, stabilized Broadcasting State.

In the twenty-ninth year of the Wanli reign, the broadcasting state "reorganization of the land to return to the stream", with its land divided into Zunyi, Pingyue two prefectures, a subordinate to the Sichuan, one belongs to Guizhou.

From then on, Yang withdrew from the historical stage of broadcasting.

From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, from Yang Duan to Yang Yinglong, 27 generations of 30 people, Yang's domination of the broadcasting state for 725 years, the name of the foreign ministers, in fact, an independent regime.

The Southwest barbarians are large, since the Han Yelang, Tang and Song Nanzhao, Dali, there is no one else (Tan Qichuan, "Broadcasting Yangbao test").

The centuries of Yang's reign in broadcasting state was a time when China's ethnic minority system was changing from tie-up system to the land division system and then to the change of land to stream, and the tie-up system and the land division system promoted the development of the society of the ethnic areas in a certain period of history.

The hereditary Yang family, who was in charge of broadcasting, was able to "abide by the loyalty and integrity of the past generations" (Yang Wen Shen Dao Bei), and keep in line with the central court, and thus got a loose space for development, and took various positive measures, which objectively contributed to the development of broadcasting economy and culture, and laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Zunyi regional culture in the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Hailong is a famous city in China.

Hailong Tun, Yang Chuan tomb and a number of Yang's remains, it is the broadcast state economy, culture and a high degree of physical evidence.

But with the passage of time, the shortcomings of the Tusi system gradually appeared, coupled with the end of the Tusi Yang Yinglong all kinds of misdeeds, Yang's became the object of the Ming court Jianbo extinction, a tragic and protracted bloodbath staged in the Hailong Tun.

Qing Wei Yuan, "Shengwu record", said: "Ming dynasty broadcasting state, Linzhou, water West, Lu Chuan are diligent hundreds of thousands of troops, exhausting the world's power and after the production of the flat." These four major wars, especially the "battle of Pingchao" is the most typical.

Wanli twenty-eighth year (1600) in February, the Governor Li Huarong rate of eight army Pingchao, in mid-April, the division of Hailong Tun, a bloody war began.

Tuen Mun outside, more than 200,000 troops built a long siege, take turns to capture, day and night; Tuen Mun, tens of thousands of soldiers and civilians backwater battle.

According to research, a group of captured Japanese artillery and Japanese artillery also participated in the battle of Pingbao; while the broadcast army only javelins, crossbows and arrows, rolling logs, logs and other weapons; the Ming army in terms of weaponry to occupy an absolute advantage.

The use of firearms has also become an important technical guarantee for the realization of the Southwest Reform.

On June 6, the Ming army broke through Hailongtun, Yang Yinglong hanged himself, and Yang's rule over Baozhou went up in smoke.

Ping sown the battle from February 2 to the end of June 6, lasted 114 days, the two sides **** invested hundreds of thousands of troops, captured the broadcasting army 1124 people, beheading 22687, captured the families of 5539 people, recruited the broadcasting people 126,211 people, seized the horses and cattle 767 head, the Ming army won a complete victory.

Podcasting was "converted", the political map of southwest China has had a profound impact, accelerating the historical process of nationalization of the Ming Dynasty.

Hailongtun is an outstanding example of mountain architecture, which contains profound military defense concepts, and it has preserved the complete and true pattern of the late Ming Dynasty

Hailongtun was built on a steep and dangerous peak due to the mountains, and the Ming Dynasty History - Li Hualong Biography said it was "the most dangerous of all dangers".

It consists of peripheral defensive fortifications such as walls, passes, watchtowers, as well as the city's new and old Palace, "water prison", "gold and silver bank", barracks, school dam, etc., is a set of defensive fortifications and "palace" in one of the medieval fortifications.

The site of the north and south sides of the abyss and the 5,000-meter wall is well-preserved, and its inner 16 watchtower sites, such as the ring of Tuen Mun Horse Road can still be traced.

The east and west sides of the Flying Tiger, Flying Dragon, Chaotian, Feifeng, Houguan, Xiguan, Wan'an passes are still majestic.

The city buildings have been destroyed in the war during the Wanli period, but the foundation is still there.

Its stone foundation or *** the ground, or covered in the soil, the pattern is clear.

The overall planning of the military defense system centered on Hailongtun presents the characteristics of the Fort Starbucks, point to point control surface, deep defense.

The entire defense system consists of 16 passes, 2 cities and 3 castles constitute 3 lines of defense, each independent pass and the castle are controlled around a certain space, 3 lines of defense from the periphery to the center of the composition of the layer by layer to consume the annihilation, one by one, blocking the enemy up to 60 kilometers of the depth of the defense position: a line by the Lou Shan Pass, three dugout passes, on the dugout passes, Laojun passes, the Wujiang River passes, the river passes, the Huangtan passes, the gate pass, the fall of the Meng Guan, etc., to combat the enemy guard position, forcing the enemy to take the lead, and the enemy to take the lead. The enemy's guard position, forcing the enemy to attack formation in advance; the second line consists of the middle blocking position of Yangma Cheng, Yangji Cheng, Haiyuntun, Longjiaotun, etc., making it difficult for the enemy's artillery fire to reach the core position; the third line is the core position of Hailong Hoard consisting of the Iron Pillar Pass, the Copper Pillar Pass, the Feihu Pass, the Flying Dragon Pass, the Chautauquan Pass, the Taiping Pass, as well as the Wan'an Pass, the wall, and other facilities, the main decisive battle position, and also the last barrier.

Hailong hoard core position is the main decisive position and the last barrier.

Hailongtun is a combination of the Fort Hill system; it makes full use of the terrain, but also into the terrain; it is the mountain as a component of the defense system, the combination of attack and defense, attack in the defense, layer by layer to set up a pass, the passes are guarding each other, the lips and teeth of the defense system.

Therefore, Hailongtun is an outstanding example of mountain military offensive and defensive architecture, fully reflecting the perfect blend of culture and ecological environment.

In order to standardize the management of Tuen Mun, Yang Yinglong had in the Wanli years Le stone warning, "Phyllis General Oracle Longyan hoard prohibited monument" monument remains to this day, the inscription on the upper and lower Hailong Tuen Mun made strict provisions, from which we can know the Tuen Mun management institutions (General Management Hall), the resident population (even have to live in the hoard of doctors) and the main people (delivery of food rations Bongdo, craftsmen), and so on, a rich source of information, is today to find out about the layout of Tuen Mun. It is a very rich information, which is an important physical data to know the pattern of Tuen Mun today.

Hailongtun was built as a military defense system for the purpose of safeguarding national interests, but in the end, it became the main battlefield for the confrontation between the "family" and the "country".

Two thousand miles of territory, "home" and "country" of the situation is not expected to change:

Sichuan and other places to mention the criminal investigation division of the press secretary Zhang Ti in the "Ping broadcast the whole book of the narrative" in praise of the "Ping broadcast the campaign

After the leveling of the broadcast, the broadcast was divided into two, Zunyi Province in Sichuan, Pingyue Province belongs to Guizhou, the end of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Duan took the broadcast in the Nanzhao and the history of the world to keep its land for 725 years came to an abrupt end.

"Reform of the land to the flow", in essence, "easy home into the country", "home" and "country" of the situation is therefore suddenly changed. The situation is therefore suddenly changed.

Yang Yinglong's ancestors knew the way of balance, and could correctly deal with the relationship between "family" and "country", and thus could have the world's broadcasting soil for more than 20 generations for more than 700 years, which can not be said to be a miracle.

When the country needs, Yang's often able to step forward and actively defend the unity of the multi-ethnic state.

Since Yang Duan into the sowing, "Yang's residence sowing thirteen passes, to Charm began to be large" ("Yang's Family Biography"), archaeological discovery of Yang Charm's tomb is indeed known to the Yang's tomb in the most grandiose.

Yang Chuan had made ten articles of the Family Tradition, the first of which is "Do your duty as a minister".

His son, Yang Jiao, swore to the sky: "If I do not fulfill my loyalty to my superiors, it will be like a sparkling sun." Charm grandson Yang Wen (1220-1265), who had solved the difficulties of Shu, and contributed to the "Three Strategies for the Protection of Shu", and built the "Longyan New City", is a key figure in the history of Hailong Tun.

According to the cited "Yang Wen Shinto monument", Baoyou Ding Si (1257), the Mongolian army out of Dali, to the east attacked, the situation is urgent, Yang Wen reported to the Emperor, "Yang Wen, the country's fences, good offices of the belly of the defense, depends on its strength", and sent Lu Wende stationed in Huangping.

After Lv and Yang met, the discussion "set up a city as the root of the broadcasting state", so build "Longyan New City".

According to the History of the Song Dynasty, the construction of various passes in broadcasting, to 1258, is still in full swing, the court sent people to promote the organization, and allocated silver.

Thus, Hailongtun began as a defense of the national interest, but it never became the front line of the fight against Mongolia, but more than 300 years later became the battlefield of the confrontation between the "family" and the "country".

With its natural dangers and ingenious design, Hailongtun became the most important and last line of defense for Yang Yinglong.

On the 16th day of the 4th lunar month in 1600, Yang Yinglong retreated to Hailongtun.

April 18, 240,000 Ming troops surrounded, ring and attack, more than 50 days but could not attack.

Governor Li Hualong exclaimed: "Hoard that the danger of extinction, is not really made in heaven, the human track must not be able to get to it?" In the meantime, Li's father died of illness, Hualong on the negligence of worry (according to the system of leaving the country to mourn), the Emperor did not allow the request, and urged Li Hualong "should be suppressed to comply with the order, depending on the country as a family".

"Home" "country" relationship, the key moment to test the wisdom of human survival.

June 6, Hailong Tun was broken, Yang Yinglong hanged himself, "the thief's nest is empty, our troops are all tied to the hoard, thousands of years of madness, a day to level", "from now on, the four Feng thousands of miles into the imperial map, feet of land, a people are all the king's chemical" ("Ping broadcasting the book").

Some commentators believe that the battle of Pingbao accelerated the downfall of the Ming dynasty to some extent.

Forty-four years later, the edifice of the Ming court also collapsed, and the kingdom changed hands.

The story of "family" and "country" is engraved in the remnants of the walls of Hailongtun, waiting for archaeologists to discover.

For more than four hundred years after the destruction of Tuen Mun, there has been an endless stream of mourners.

Nowadays, Hailongtun has been transformed from a forbidden land of the Tusi in the upper and lower Tuns, which was "subject to audit", into a playground for the public to come and go as they please.

In early summer, the red, white, mountain azalea bloomed in full bloom, and the tourists are weaving.

And 412 years ago, when the azaleas were in bloom, a bloodbath that shook the countryside was being staged.