Asparagus is one of the world's top ten high-grade dishes, in addition to having a rich nutrition, there are anti-cancer, blood fat, improve human immunity and a variety of health effects, the international market has been in short supply. At present, the domestic protected area asparagus planting has just started, the total area of greenhouse asparagus cultivation is less than 20 hectares (300 acres), the daily supply of less than 2,000 kilograms during the harvest period, which is far from being able to satisfy the huge market demand, and therefore the benefit is very high. Before and after the Spring Festival asparagus in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and other large and medium-sized cities in the supermarket, the sales price are between 36 to 50 yuan / kg, is the price of other protected vegetables more than ten times the price of a 269 square meters (7 points of land) greenhouse asparagus annual income of more than 20,000 yuan.
Asparagus protected cultivation, Beijing cold areas need winter warming greenhouses, the Huanghuai Basin greenhouses can be, the Yangtze River Basin can be small arch. The following is an introduction to the Huanghuai Basin greenhouses as an example:
1. Variety selection Asparagus is a perennial plant, a planting can be harvested continuously for more than 15 years, so it is very important to choose high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant varieties of good quality. At present, the better varieties are: Asparagus Prince F1, 88 ~ 5 improved line, 2000 ~ X, Grande and other hybrid varieties. The introduced UC800, UC157F2, etc., are conventional and second-generation species that have long been eliminated abroad, with low yield and poor disease resistance, and should not be used again.
2. Nursery time in the northern region of asparagus from March to October can be open ground nursery, there are greenhouses in the winter can also be nursed, the southern region of the year can be nursed.
3. Soak the seeds to promote germination There is a hard layer of wax outside the asparagus seeds, so the seeds must be soaked before sowing. Before soaking the seed with water to rinse the seed, bleach away the seeds and moth seeds, and then 50% of the carbendazim 300 times the solution of soaking sterilization for 12 hours. Then, in the spring with 30 ~ 35 ℃ of warm water soaking 2 ~ 3 days (summer and fall seedlings with cold well water soaking), pour off the water, and then use a wet towel to cover the seeds to germinate, rinse the seeds with water once a day to avoid smothering the seeds, and so the seeds can be sown after about 10% of the dew white.
4. Sowing method Select fertile sandy loam soil bed, every 50 grams of seed selection 10 square meters of nursery bed can be, first irrigation bottom water, according to the rows of plants 10 cm apart from the line, a single seed spot sowing in the center, covered with 2 cm thick sifted fine soil. (1) early spring nursery: point seeding that is covered with a small arch film (90-120 cm wide, 50-80 cm high), the beds are sprinkled with a small amount of phoxim granule bait to prevent mole crickets and other underground pests. Control temperature in the arch film in the daytime 25 ~ 30 ℃, night 15 ~ 18 ℃. When the temperature exceeds 32℃, the film at both ends should be removed in time to ventilate the seedlings. When the seedlings grow more than three above-ground stems (about 60 days after emergence), they can be transplanted. (2) summer nursery: due to the summer temperature is relatively high, in addition to using cold well water to soak the seeds, seed beds should also be fully watered bottom water, timely mulching after the point of seeding, covered with wet straw thatch or wheat grass, splashing wet wheat grass with cold water, found that the wheat grass and the ground is dry, and timely spraying to moisturize the water. Remove the mulch in the evening after the emergence of seedlings. (3) Seedlings in fall: soaking and planting are the same as in summer. Later, in order to allow seedlings to extend the growth time, before cooling can be used with the same small arch protection as in early spring, in order to extend the growth period, cultivate large and strong seedlings, to ensure the safety of overwintering.
5. transplanting planting asparagus to June to July transplanting is better, because this field management time is short, the year before and after the Spring Festival can be harvested, fast results. Can also transplant the previous year's seedlings, this seedling large, seedling age long, than the spring of the year the seedling high yield.
Greenhouse asparagus using the east-west direction to stay in the shed, the north-south direction of planting, row spacing 120 cm, plant spacing 25 cm, each line planted 36 trees. In order to ensure that the Spring Festival that year to pick bamboo shoots, summer and autumn season should be strengthened fertilizer management. (1) digging planting ditch: in the ground after deep tilling and leveling, north-south direction, according to the 120 cm spacing between rows to play a good straight line, along the straight line digging planting ditch, ditch width of 40 cm, ditch depth of 40 ~ 50 cm. (2) Fertilizer filling ditch: every 667 square meters (1 mu) 5000 kg of soil fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer mixed soil into the ditch. (3) seedling planting: seedling beds before watering once, along the shoots between the rows with a shovel divided into squares, with the soil will be lifted out of the seedlings, north-south rows of cultivation, the seedling of the smallest stem towards the north, according to the 25-cm spacing planted in the ditch, shoots seedling bulb disk below the ground plane 13 cm, and then water to make it collapse naturally, and so the water seeped down, the timely loosening of the soil to preserve moisture.
6. Summer management In order to accelerate the growth of asparagus, mid-July to mid-August, each 667 square meters of 30 kg of compound fertilizer, fertilizer, watering in a timely manner. The rainy season should strengthen the control of pests and diseases.
7. Clear beds November watering once thorough water, after a few days will be dry above ground stems pulled out to clear the garden.
8. buckle the shed using a single-slope arch shed, the north slope surrounded by corn stalks and other mulch, the shed covered with grass thatch. Inside the shed, each row is supported by a 70-centimeter-high small arch.
9. Harvesting According to the temperature and growth, when the shoots grow to 20-25 centimeters before the Spring Festival, they will be harvested along the ground. The first year of shoots field harvest a month later (269 square meters shed about 350 kg harvest) stop, let the mother stem growth. 6 ~ July, and then harvest a month of summer shoots.
With the increase in the age of the shoots, the harvesting period is appropriately extended. But don't be greedy for high prices and over-harvesting.