Methods of planting portobello mushrooms

1, the growth of portobello mushrooms need to take organic matter and minerals from the culture material, through the process of decomposition and synthesis to form their own substances, so the fermentation of the culture material is the key to the high quality of mushrooms and high yield, the formula is as follows: 20 kg of cow dung for each square meter, Calcium superphosphate 0.4 kg, corn stover 20 kg, gypsum 0.4 kg. In Damshang, oat stover, wheat stover and cow dung are the most common, plus the weather is cold early and hot late, so the time for mushroom production is short, so the total amount of raw materials needed per square meter is 35 kg (dry). The formula is as follows: 20 kg of cow dung, 0.35 kg of calcium superphosphate, 15 kg of wheat or oat straw, and 0.35 kg of gypsum per square meter.

2. The fermentation of culture material is to remove the odor of feces, loosen the fecal fertilizer, and kill the vermin and fungi through the decomposition of fecal matter by the high temperature fermentation, and then to make the culture substrate which is suitable for the growth of mushrooms, and the whole process of fermentation should be controlled by the moisture and air in the material. The whole fermentation process should control the moisture and air in the material. The place for stacking should be chosen with high terrain, close to mushroom house and water source, and the ground should be smooth and solid to prevent the mud from mixing into the culture material. Pre-moisten the dung and crush the dung before stacking.

3. Stacking. First in the ground to lay a layer of unlimited length, width of 1.6 m or so, about 10 cm thick grass, grass and then lay a layer of thick 3 cm or so of dung, a layer of grass a layer of dung and to be paved, each laying 10 layers of the formation of the heap up to a height of 1.3 ~ 1.4 m, heap of four sides up and down the basic vertical, the top of the heap into a tortoise-back type to facilitate the drainage of water, when it rains to be covered by a film in order to prevent the rain, rain stops to prevent smothering material uncovered.

4, turning material. Under normal circumstances, the general first turn the pile in the heap after 7 ~ 8 days, the material temperature reaches 70 ℃ ~ 80 ℃ turn the heap, the first turn the heap to add gypsum and calcium superphosphate, turn the heap around and the top of the first to get down to the pre-wet, and then turn the middle of the turn to the surroundings and the top of the four weeks and the top of the turn over to the middle of the heap as it is, 6 ~ 7 days to the material temperature reaches 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃ can be the second turn the heap and so on, 5 ~ 6 days can be the third turn the heap, 5 ~ 6 days can be the third turn the pile. ～6 days can be the third turn the heap, 4-5 days can be the fourth turn the heap, generally turn 4-5 times can be. The degree of fermentation is uniform, the color of manure is brown or coffee and soft and flexible, there are a lot of white actinomycetes, no ammonia, sour, musty, etc., with the characteristic lees flavor, the water content is regulated at about 65%, hold the mixed culture material tightly in your hand, and there are water stains between your fingers, but not dripping, it is indicated that the fermentation has been done well.

Two, seeding

Shake the fermented culture material to discharge the waste gas in the material, when the culture material cools down to below 30 ℃, move it into the mushroom room on the bed, spread it out evenly and 16-20 cm thick. choose the mycelium white, thick and powerful, uniformly covered the bottle wall of the bacteria, break the bottle and take out the bacteria, put it into the disinfected box and crush it to the size of soy bean grains with your hands, and pay attention to the fact that you can't rub it with your hands. The hand to the broken rubbing.

Note: This process must be carried out in a cool place. The pot of strains evenly sprinkled on the surface of the material, the amount of 1 ~ 1.5 bottles / m2, the top and then covered with a layer of 3 ~ 5 cm thick culture material, leveling the surface of the material and then use a small wooden board or bamboo poles will be gently patted the surface of the material, so that the strains and the surface of the material is closely integrated to facilitate the fungus to eat the material. Ventilation opening with wet newspaper, kraft paper or wet sack piece cover to moisturize.

Three, the germ period management

In the germ period the temperature is maintained at 20 ℃ ~ 22 ℃, humidity control at 65% ~ 70%, the first 3 days of normal temperature do not ventilate, so that the germination of the strain colonization, 3 days after the ventilation can be moderate, after 7 days of ventilation. 10 days after the mycelium ate the material when the 1/2, it should be timely to the culture of the material loosened 1 time, that is, the use of a stick inserted into the material at the bottom and then pulled out. 18 ~ 20 days. 18-20 days when 1/3 of the mycelium exposed material surface can be covered with soil.

Four, mulch

Mulch requires a granular structure, loose soil, a certain humus, large voids, strong water absorption, good aeration, free of pathogens and pests and weak alkaline. Soil moisture content is adjusted at about 20%, that is, hand held into a ball to fall apart. Put the soil in small containers and evenly spread on the material surface, and scrape it flat with bamboo chips or wooden boards. It is forbidden to use large containers to pour a large amount of soil onto the mushroom bed, which will cause problems such as depression of the culture material at the pile and uneven thickness of the mulch. The thickness of soil covering is 3~4 cm.

V. Management after mulching

The temperature should be controlled at 20℃～22℃ and humidity at 70%～80%, and ventilation should be done as much as possible to ensure the normal temperature. Ventilation should also ensure that the soil is moderate, if you find the soil surface dry to avoid high temperatures and timely spraying. It should be noted that the first spray water should be completely absorbed and then sprayed for the second time, until the soil layer is wet. 8~10 days later when the mycelium grows into the soil layer 1/3~1/2, it is necessary to spray heavy water in time to increase the humidity of the soil layer, and at the same time the pile of mushrooms for the ventilation, to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the soil layer to promote the mycelium from the nutrient growth to the reproductive growth of the transformation, and to supply a large amount of oxygen required for the formation of the seed entity. The key to this stage is to coordinate the relationship between water replenishment and aeration. Generally spraying heavy water 4 to 5 days to start the formation of mung bean grain size of the original base into the mushroom period.