The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is also known as potatoes, potatoes, yams and eggs. Tubers can be eaten, is an important food, vegetables and crops, because of its rich nutrition has "underground apple" said.
Potato yield is high, strong adaptability to the environment, the main producing areas of potato in China is the southwest mountainous areas, northwest, Inner Mongolia and northeastern region. The southwest mountainous area has the largest sowing area, accounting for about 1/3 of the country's total area, and Heilongjiang Province is the largest potato planting base in the country.
When utilizing asexual reproduction of tubers, seed potatoes can sprout and grow under the condition of soil temperature of 5-8℃, and the optimum temperature is 15-20℃. Suitable for plant stem and leaf growth and flowering temperature of 16 to 22 ℃. The most suitable temperature for tuber formation at night is 10～13℃ (soil temperature 16～18℃), and the formation is slow when it is higher than 20℃. Soil and seedling stage in the temperature fell to -2 ℃ that is frozen.
Flowering and tuber formation for the whole life cycle in the period of maximum water demand, in case of drought, each irrigation 15 to 20 tons per mu is to ensure that the key technical measures to ensure high and stable yield of potato.
Potato generally in mu yield 1330 ~ 1650 kg of nitrogen absorption of about 6.65 ~ 11.65 kg, phosphoric acid 2.8 ~ 3.3 kg and potassium oxide 9.3 ~ 15.3 kg. Although potatoes can adapt to a variety of soils, but to loose and rich in organic matter (pH5.5-6.0) black soil is the most ideal. Density of seedlings per mu should not be less than 4000.
"Potato, named because of its shape resembles a horse bell." This is what agricultural experts say.
It is said that potato was introduced to China more than 400 years ago.
People are always in the habit of explaining the unfamiliar with the familiar. Therefore, Chinese people in different regions combined with their own recognition of DD, to give it a different common name:
In the north, called "potatoes", I do not know whether to say that it is buried in the "earth" in the big "beans", they are nutritious. "
In Shanxi and other places called "yam egg", Oh, I understand that they feel that this thing with yam is almost the same, are growing in the ground, yam is long, potatoes are round, so call it " The yam egg";
In the south called "taro". The south has taro, is also long in the ground, the potato is an outsider, so call it "taro" up ......
In short, no matter whether it is called potatoes, potatoes, yam eggs, yams, are illustrated that "potato "The potato," "bean," "yam" and "taro" all came before this guy.
The potato, native to South America, was brought to Europe by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century, but Europeans have not been too fond of it, especially the French.
The potato was long regarded as a poor man's vegetable. The rich and powerful disdained it, but recognized it as an indispensable and cheap food that could be used to feed soldiers in armies and to fill the bellies of ordinary people when famine struck.
By the 19th century, Van Gogh's famous painting, "The Potato Eaters," still depicted a bleak picture of potato consumers: a sad-looking family eating potatoes in a dank miner's dormitory.
It is only in recent years that people have discovered and valued the potato. On September 14, 1999, a special symposium on the special nutritional value of the potato was held under the auspices of Dr. Patrick Sabatier, a sports nutritionist at the Paris Medical Teaching Center.
The potato is indeed the "treasure" of vegetables. It contains less than 90 kilocalories per 100 grams of calories than rice and pasta in the calories are less, especially far below the calories of bread, and it contains the equivalent of 2% of its own weight in protein, the content of its main amino acids is almost equal to the egg. It is also rich in minerals such as magnesium, potassium and iron, with potassium being higher than in bananas. It is also high in vitamins, not only vitamin B1, B3, B6, but also anti-scorbutic vitamin C, is the ideal food for dieters.
Potatoes are native to South America, but there are different stories about which country they originated in. Recently, Chile and Peru have been fighting over the origin of the potato, and both countries claim that the potato originated in their own countries. Because of the dispute, Peru also threatened to bring the issue to the United Nations to resolve it.