The composition and nutritional value of straw after micro-storage fermentation

The composition and digestibility of straw

(1) The crude fiber content is very high, and straw is mostly in the In the post-maturity stage of plants, the degree of lignification of plant cells is very high, generally between 31% and 45%.

The main component of straw is fiber, which is mainly concentrated in the cell wall. The cell wall content accounts for more than 70% and is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; acid detergent fiber is composed of cellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be acidolyzed by fiber-decomposing bacteria in the rumen of cattle and sheep to generate volatile fatty acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc., which are absorbed by cattle and sheep for use as energy. Bacteria in the rumen cannot break down lignin. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in straw are closely combined, which affects the digestibility of straw. The older the straw matures, the higher the degree of lignification, and the worse the digestibility of the straw.

Currently, most farmers package and stack corn stalks as roughage. The corn straw itself still contains 15% water. If stored in the open for a long time, the yellow part of the spoiled straw will become moldy. Feeding cattle often causes various digestive tract diseases, such as indigestion, diarrhea, rumen flatulence, etc.; at the same time, , the originally low nutrition dropped significantly.

(2) The protein content is very low, generally 3 to 6%, which can only meet about 65% of maintenance needs. In the mature stage of the plant, its nutrients have been transferred to its seeds, and the effective nutrients in the stems are very low, so the protein content is also very low. Generally, the content of Leguminosae is 8.9% to 9.6%, and that of Gramineae is between 4.2% and 6.3%. Legumes are slightly better than Gramineae, but overall, the digestible protein is very low. Generally, the digestibility of straw is very low. For example, the dry matter digestibility of rice straw is 40% to 50%, that of wheat straw is 45% to 50%, and that of corn straw is 47% to 51%.

(3) The crude ash content is very high, but a large amount of it is silicate, and there are very few mineral elements that are nutritionally significant to animals. The content of minerals and vitamins is very low, especially the content of calcium and phosphorus. The phosphorus content varies between 0.02 and 0.16%, while the phosphorus content required for cattle diets is above 0.2%. Far lower than the requirements of animals

The microbial yellow corn straw storage technology first solves the problem of good palatability of dairy cows. The feed intake of dairy cows increases by 20% - 40%, and they can eat well. At the same time, through microbial Storage fermentation, at the same level of high quality. The feeding speed of dairy cows is increased by 40%, the nutrition of corn straw is more than doubled, and the utilization rate is increased from 50% to 95%.

There are three methods of micro-storage of corn straw to ferment feed for pigs:

Cellar storage

Currently, the warehouses in our city are divided into underground and semi-underground; Round, rectangular, etc. silage machine (silage machine, roller crusher) will process the chopped corn straw (2 cm) into strips. It is best to lay the 20-30 cm thick crushed material at the bottom of the pit. For microbial yellow storage agent (use), use clean water, 10 kg, warm water over 30-35℃ in a mixing bucket, and spray evenly. Pay attention to the seal material and water at the same time; about 110-110 kilograms per ton; the water should be held tightly by the fingers of the hand without falling, which is appropriate. Depending on the compaction method, clean air and especially the edges must be firm. It's better to have a plastic sheet on the ground. Until the delamination pressure is actually achieved 40-50 cm above the ground.

Seal the pit, taking care to drain the air between the plastic and broken stems, covering the last one with straw, to 30 cm pile soil. Settlement, cracks that appear during the fermentation process, are filled with piles of soil.

Generally, it takes about 30 days to arrive in the open air and pay attention to tapping iron to reduce losses. If any blocks are removed from thawing during winter heating, otherwise it may cause abortion in pregnant cows.

Plastic storage

Chop it before, add water, spray and pit it in the concrete mixing tank, and bag it after the tank. Choose a plastic bag with a thickness of 1 mm and 0.9 mm, pay attention to the side seam sealing, when the bagging material is filled and compacted, exhaust, step by step, the entire net is drained and paralleled with double ports repeatedly to exhaust air. A bag can be reused more than 2 times as long as it does not leak.

The above two methods are used for anaerobic fermentation, and their quality is generally identified by visual observation, smell, smell and other methods.

High-quality straw color is important for deepening the base, if the brown color is of poor quality.

High-quality ones have a sour aroma and a soft sour taste. If the sour taste is strong, it means there are more fatty acids and the quality is poor. If it has a rotten and moldy smell, it is not feed.

If the high-quality feed is soft, moist, and sticky, it indicates poor quality. If the texture is hard, dry, and does not ferment well, it is still a bad feed.

Aerobic fermentation

Add an appropriate amount of corn or wheat bran to the pure cement floor, stir the bacterial liquid in the pool, stir it with warm water, and do not drip it with your hands. Tight, smooth surface, covered with plastic film, compact structure, add a thermometer to the seed material, when the temperature rises to 35 degrees, remove the film to cool, stir and compact the cover. The whole process should take 8 or 24 hours, and the temperature should not exceed 40 degrees during the fermentation process.

For straw processing, suitable microorganisms in an anaerobic environment convert a large amount of lignocellulosic materials into sugars, and sugar and organic acid fermentation bacteria convert the acidity (pH value) of 4.5- 4.5. Inhibit the reproduction of putrefactive butyric acid bacteria, bacteria and other harmful bacteria.

Ruminant livestock: Digestive characteristics of cattle and sheep: Through the metabolic process of rumen microorganisms, the fiber in the single pool degrades polysaccharide substances and converts them into volatile fatty acids, which are volatile fatty acids for the maximum energy of ruminant livestock. (60% - 70%).

Feeding similar straw to pig feed can improve the digestion and absorption rate, which can solve the problem of energy supply to dairy cows and eliminate most digestive tract diseases.