Wen Chang two people hold Hu (and suona, flute), two strings (and flute); There are three people in the martial arts field, drums, gongs (also bangzi) and cymbals, and the rest of the instruments are performed by actors. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the number of band members and musical instruments increased. On the basis of the original four musical instruments, violin, viola, cello, clarinet, oboe, flute, trumpet, horn, trombone and so on. Added to the literary field, the number is about 20. Band seats, Miao stage performance, mostly accompanied by the surrounding performance area; At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the literary field sat by the gate, and the martial arts field sat by the gate. After the founding of New China, operas entered the theater, and the civil and military venues sometimes sat on the same side of the stage, and sometimes accompanied in the orchestra pit.

The musical instruments used in the music of Jin Opera are Hu Hu, Er Gu Xian, Xiao San Xian, Gu Si Xian, Suona, flute, bangzi, drum, hand board, big drum, small war drum, horse worker, clam, gong, hinge, dog doll, clink cup, etc.

Tribal tigers belong to stringed instruments. Jin opera uses tenor tiger tiger. In the past, the old silk string was used as the outer string and the tendon string as the inner string. Now the steel wire string is used, and the tuning is "bass 6-3" or "bass 5-2". The piano player presses the strings with his left hand, and the finger covers are made of stainless steel or raw tin. The outer sheath is crisp and loud, suitable for playing the main theme. Two-stringed instrument, an auxiliary instrument for playing Hu Jiahua in Jin Opera, has the tune of "bass 6-3" or "bass 5-2", with the outer string of flowers (twisted with white and yellow skins) and the inner string of beef tendon. Nowadays, steel wire strings are mostly used. When playing, the food, middle finger and ring finger of the left hand wear a metal finger sleeve (the finger sleeve is not wrapped) and the small three strings are generally about 90 cm long. The three strings are framed on the panel with piano codes, and the tuning is "1-5- treble 1", "bass 5- bass 6-3" and "bass 5- 1-3". When playing, the fingers of the left hand press the strings, and the index finger of the right hand wears dogs, cows, etc. Sixian is a plucked instrument in Shanxi opera, which is octagonal and tuned to "2-5", and every two strings are in the same tune. When playing, the left hand wears a metal finger cap for its food, middle finger and ring finger, and the right hand holds a flat bone knife-shaped plectrum to "sweep the strings", paying attention to "sweeping", "plucking", "rolling" and "playing", and the timbre is better. Suona is divided into big suona and small suona, which are playing instruments of Shanxi Opera. The big suona is the number three suona. Before the 1940s, the drum sound of suona was "Bass 5", and most of the tunes were played. In order to match the strings, several suona songs were played mainly with the drum sound "1", but only the drum sound "1" was played after the 1940s. In addition, the great suona can also simulate the effect of cock crow and Ma Si, with a range of 17 degrees. The small suona is the No.5 suona, which is used to play Kunqu opera. The flute, commonly known as "Mei", is a wind instrument of Jin Opera. It is made of bamboo and has a soft tone. Bangzi, commonly known as "wood", is made of rosewood, mahogany, pear and jujube. It consists of two wooden sticks of different lengths, which are rectangular and about 20 cm long. Short round, about 18 cm, slightly thin. When playing, the left hand holds the flat log, and the right hand holds the log vertically to hit the board. There is no fixed pitch, but there are techniques such as tapping, repeated tapping and flower tapping. It is usually a clapper (strong beat), and the timbre is high and solid. The conductor drum in Qin Opera is called "drum board" because it is used with a hand board and operated by one person. Drummers beat the drum center and drum sides with double drums. In 1930s and 1940s, Shanxi Opera used a big heart drum with a diameter of eight centimeters, and later changed it to a big drum with a diameter of five or six centimeters. Playing methods include single drum and double drum. Handboard, also known as bangzi, is a percussion instrument in Shanxi Opera. It is made of three rectangular pieces of rosewood, pear or boxwood. When playing, the left hand beats the board and the right hand drums, forming the rhythm of clapping, and the timbre of the hand board is loud and solid. Drum, a percussion instrument used in Shanxi opera, is a barrel-shaped traditional musical instrument, and now it is flowerpot-shaped. With wooden strips as the edge, there are Mengniu skins on both sides. When playing, it is struck with a thick mallet, and the sound is magnificent. Generally, it is used to sit up and conduct suona qupai performances. The small percussion drum of Shanxi Opera is barrel-shaped, covered on both sides, with a small drum surface and a clear and loud sound. When playing, put it on a wooden frame and beat it with two small mallets, which is mainly used to render the fighting atmosphere in martial arts dramas. There are two kinds of horsemen: hanging gongs and lifting gongs. Hanging gongs are used in Jin opera. Gong has a fixed pitch. It used to be based on the word "Gong" (3 tones), but now it is generally the word "Six" (5 tones). Hanging gongs are pure in timbre, deep and steady, and they are upper-board musical instruments. It is struck according to the emotion of music. Cymbals are made of brass and circles. At the beginning and turning point of the music, cymbals are played first, and cymbals are played with different sounds such as tapping, beating, grinding and slapping. Small gongs, also known as hand gongs, are round and played with wooden gongs. The pitch is "Shang" (1) and the sound is crisp. There are two kinds of hinges: soft hinges and hard hinges. Jin Opera is made of soft hinges and cast in bronze. When playing with Xiao Gong, he plays with "small furniture" to master the "big furniture" and play cards. Dog doll, also called dog doll, is a small gong in Shanxi opera, which looks like a small dish. Playing with a small board made of pepper wood or bamboo, the tone is sharp and crisp, like a puppy barking, hence the name. Mainly used in temples, festivals, banquets and other occasions. Clinking a cup, also called ringing a bell, is a percussion instrument of Shanxi Opera, which is made of copper and has two pairs. Connect them with ropes and hit each other for pronunciation. It is mainly used to play a string. Touching the cup is always hit by the eye, twice in each eye.

Many artists have made important contributions to Zhong Lu Bangzi's singing music. Shang Yunfeng, a working face, got the stage name "Erba Black" because he played Liu Biao, the butcher, vividly and sang high and straight. At that time, all the clear corners in the middle road were proud of learning to sing "28 black" and were honored as "a flag in the middle road". Pianist Ren Yinzi studied hard with his friends for ten years, revised nearly 200 songs in the book, and raised the singing and music accompaniment of middle school bangzi to a new level. Du Fu, whose stage name is "Twelve Red", is both civil and military, which is out of control. He is good at acting by acting and robes. When he sings, he skillfully combines true and false sounds, which has a unique charm. After "transposition", Gao created his own emotional singing style, combining rap with strong spout, clear and smooth, and was praised as "storytelling red" by the audience. Many times, he learned from famous Peking Opera artists such as Ma, Yu and so on, and made great contributions to the artistic exchange between Peking Opera and Zhonglu Bangzi. Qiao Guorui, whose stage name is "Lion Black", sings deeply and boldly, and can express high-spirited and angry emotions. Up to now, he has been imitating most of the colorful faces in Bangzi in the Middle Road. Yang Jiacheng, the drummer of Bangzi in the Middle Road, integrated the accompaniment with the plot and characters, and grasped the characteristics of each play. Wang Yunshan, charming in appearance, speaks tactfully and uses both true and false voices, especially the second voice. Zhang, whose stage name is "Thirteen Red", has a pure timbre and created a soft and euphemistic singing school, which is very suitable for male singing. Zhang Baokui, whose stage name is "Kuaiji Line", combines the performances of Xiao Dan, Tsing Yi and Beijing Opera blues. He used to train students with the word "ghost", and both Guo benefited from his teaching. 1954 established the first "Jin Opera Training Course" in Shaanxi, and trained young actors such as Tian Guilan and Wu Zhong. Ding Guoxian, whose stage name is "Guo Hong", is the first Kunqu teacher in Zhonglu Bangzi. She has integrated multi-school singing methods and got rid of the old singing method of "that's clothes, ha, ah" dragging her voice for many years. She adopted the singing method of "singing by words" and formed her own singing style, which was full of emotion and softness. She founded the training class of Taiyuan Xinxin Troupe on 1954. Ji Meilian, a worker in Hua Dan, has solid martial arts and comprehensive skills, and her singing skills are euphemistic and handsome. She is also known as the "four famous brands" with her daughter Ji Ping, who has inherited the style of "Ji Pai" well. Niu Guiying has a soft and elegant voice. Her colleague trainer compared her voice to "Yun Zheyue". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), she accepted many apprentices, of which Wang Aiai was the best. Her high-pitched and tactful singing has an important influence on the singing of Qingyi in Jin Opera today. Guo Fengying, a young worker, is handsome in appearance, romantic in acting and unique in singing. Her apprentice inherited and developed the singing method of "Guo School" to keep pace with the times. So far, the singing art of Guo Fengying and Guo Caiping has been deeply loved by the audience. After 1990s, a number of outstanding young and middle-aged Jin Opera actors emerged in Shanxi, such as Li Guilian, who were engaged in Gongqingcheng Opera. Sun Hongli and Li Yuexian; On the basis of inheriting the characteristics of previous singing methods, Ugly Gongji and others all formed their own unique singing methods. During this period, there were also accompaniment personnel who contributed to the singing music of Jin Opera, including: Chen Jinyuan and Xu; Tian played the piano and participated in the singing reform of Qin Opera. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state established the position of composing traditional operas in the troupe. In the field of Shaanxi Opera, Liu, Dong Wenrun and others have adapted and created a large number of excellent Shaanxi Opera aria, which has continued the Shaanxi Opera to this day and is constantly developing in a new direction.

Since 1980s, theoretical works and papers on the study of Jin Opera music have emerged one after another. I will briefly introduce the theoretical works of Jin Opera music from two parts: works and papers.

Comprehensive discussion: "China Opera Music Integration Shanxi Volume" and "China Opera Records Shanxi Volume" are brief descriptions of the music of Jin Opera (Zhonglu Bangzi), which mainly lists the main sections of Jin Opera music, with examples of aria attached to each section, and describes the gongs and drums and the seats of the band.

Memoirs of an Actor: Memories of Niu Guiying's Stage Life is a self-review of Niu Guiying's artistic experience. The fourth chapter describes her pronunciation method and Daobai law, absorbs the sharp and group sounds of Peking Opera, and forms her own unique accent and Daobai accent of Jinzhong Mandarin. In the fifth chapter, Mr. Li Zijian will perform "Persuade the Palace". "Ding Guoxian, Master Xu Sheng" introduces Kunsheng Ding Guoxian's acting skills and life experience. In the fifth chapter of this book, she met Ma and Tan and learned skills from famous Peking Opera artists. She made a serious study on the scientific vocalization methods of Beijing opera singing, which made Xu Sheng's singing of Shanxi Bangzi sound more melodious and moving. Song Zhuanzhuan and Zhuanzhuanqiang is Tsing Yi's summary of Song Zhuanzhuan, a rising star of Shanxi Opera. This book is divided into two parts. The first part is an introduction to Song Zhuanzhuan's artistic career, and the second part is a summary of the artistic characteristics of Zhuanqiang. Zhuanzhuanqiang is an actor who made a major reform in the singing style of Qing Yi in Jin Opera after Wang Aiai loved singing. It enriches the singing of Tsing Yi in Jin Opera, which not only breaks through the traditional rigid rules, but also uses qi, sound, characters and singing flexibly.

Title: Introduction to the Music of Jin Opera is a new book that comprehensively introduces the musical characteristics of Jin Opera. This book summarizes the development of banqu and accompaniment music of Jin Opera at this stage from the perspective of Jin Opera creation. The Field Art of Jin Opera Literature looks at the development of Jin Opera music from the performance and application of China's field music in the accompaniment music of Jin Opera. The new edition of "Liyuan-Shanxi People's Broadcasting Station Opera Collection" focuses on the singing topics of outstanding actors from all walks of life in Shanxi opera after the founding of the People's Republic of China, which has high reference value. Percussion Music of Shanxi Opera records all kinds of gongs and drums commonly used in the stage practice of Shanxi Opera, with notation instructions. Jin Kun Kao is a monograph on the gradual localization of Kunqu opera and its evolution into Jin Kun after it entered the Jin Dynasty. In the music of Jin Opera, Kunqu Opera also has its own independent repertoire. Kunqu Opera and Kunqu Opera, which have been dramatized in Jin Dynasty, have also undergone great changes in their rotation methods. This book collects a large number of qupai and discusses them in detail, so that readers can know a little.