1. Planting time: Plant in the south from November to December, and the seedlings can emerge in March of the following year. In the north, plant in April, and the seedlings can emerge in the same month, 4-5 The growth rate of plants will accelerate as the temperature rises in July. Plants will grow rapidly from June to July, and the expansion rate of underground roots will accelerate from August to September. 2. Growth cycle: generally about 220-240 days. After planting, the buds will begin to germinate in mid-March of the following year, be completely closed in early May, bolt and bloom at the end of June, and gradually wither at the end of October.

1. Planting time and growth cycle of water radish

1. Planting time

(1) In the southern region, planting time is from November to December, and the following year Seedlings can emerge in March. In the northern region, the planting time is April, and seedlings can emerge that month.

(2) The temperature gradually rises from April to May, and the growth rate of plants will accelerate as the temperature rises. In June-July, the plants will grow and develop rapidly, and in August-September, the underground roots will grow rapidly. swell.

(3) The flowering period of water radish is from July to August, and the fruiting period is from August to September. When the temperature gradually drops in October, its growth will slow down, and the above-ground part of the plant will wither in November.

2. Growth cycle

(1) The growth cycle of water radish is about 220-240 days.

(2) After planting the bud heads, they will begin to germinate in mid-March of the following spring, and can be fully sealed in early May. They will begin to bolt and bloom at the end of June, and gradually wither at the end of October.

3. Growth stage

(1) Germination stage

The time is from mid-to-late March to May. The temperature gradually rises in mid-to-late March, and the average temperature When it reaches 12-13.6℃, ??germination and emergence begin.

(2) Vigorous growth period

①The period is from May to July. The growth rate of plants gradually accelerates as the temperature rises. The average temperature from May to July can generally Reaching 20-27℃, the growth will be faster after germination.

② When the water and fertilizer conditions are suitable, the rows can be fully closed in May. Bolting and flowering will begin at the end of June. The growth and development of the aboveground reaches its peak, and the growth rate of the roots gradually accelerates.

(3) Root expansion period

①The time is from August to September. The temperature at this time is about 21-26℃, which is just the right temperature for the growth and development of the roots of water radish. within the range.

② During this period, the weight of the roots will increase significantly. With sufficient water, the roots can grow rapidly and the yield will be higher.

(4) Stagnation period

The time is from October to November. At this time, the temperature gradually drops, the growth rate of the plant slows down, and the above-ground parts slowly wither.

2. How to plant water radish

1. Land selection and preparation

(1) Select barren hills and sunny slopes with deep soil and sandy soil. As a planting site, the previous crops are preferably Leguminosae and Gramineae.

(2) Plow the soil deeply, and then apply 75,000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure to each hectare of land. After smoothing and raking, make ridges with a ridge height of 25 cm and a bottom width of 45-60 cm. The top width is about 30 cm.

(3) If border construction is used, the width of the border should be about 120 cm, and the length can be determined according to the terrain and the amount of seeds.

2. Propagation method

(1) The buds can be used as propagation objects, and the healthy, disease-free and white buds should be selected during harvest.

(2) Winter planting can be carried out in the south, and the planting time is from mid-to-late December to early to mid-January of the following year. In the northern region, spring planting is the main method, and the planting time is from late February to early April.

(3) When planting, dig soil holes at a distance of 34-40 cm between plants and 40-50 cm between rows. The depth of the hole is 8-10 cm. Place one bud facing up in each hole. .

3. Field management

(1) Cultivating and weeding

① After emergence, weeds must be pulled out promptly and weeding work It can be done in conjunction with loose soil. The loose soil should not be too deep to avoid damaging the roots.

② By June, the plants have gradually grown up. At this time, there is no need to weed the pine trees. Just pull out the weeds when you see them.

(2) Timely top dressing

① Before sealing the ridges, topdress phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1-2 times, and supplement with some manure and compost.

② When fertilizing, dig a trench next to the plant. After fertilizing, cover it with soil and cultivate the roots.

(3) Reasonable thinning

In the second year of planting, a large number of seedlings will grow from the roots of the plants. At this time, only 2-3 plants need to be kept, and the remaining plants can be pulled out. This way, It is beneficial to promote root expansion and increase yield.

(4) Timely topping

After the plant grows to a certain extent, it will pull out flower sprouts. Water radish harvested as a commodity (not used for seeding) can be harvested when the flower sprouts are pulled out. Remove them to allow nutrients to be transported to the roots.

(5) Watering and drainage

Water radish is drought tolerant but not waterlogging. When the weather is relatively dry, it should be watered appropriately. The amount of watering should be enough to keep the soil moist. Enter Drainage work must be done well after the rainy season.

4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

(1) Leaf blight

① Harm: more serious in the rainy season, occurring in all parts of the north and south , small purple-brown spots appear on the leaves in the early stage of the disease, with a slightly sunken center. Later, the lesions expand into round, polygonal, and irregular shapes. The large lesions are grey-brown, divided into a network shape by leaf veins, with purple-brown angular protruding wide rings around the edges, and there are many small black spots scattered on the lesions. When the disease is severe, the leaves will gradually die.

② Prevention and control: Clean the garden after harvest and focus on treating diseased plants; strengthen field management and do a good job in drainage, ventilation and ventilation; before and in the early stage of the disease, spray 65 generations of Senzinc 500 times liquid , or 1:1:100 Bordeaux liquid, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray several times in a row.

(2) White silkworm disease

① Harm: It damages the roots and rhizomes. The southern region is prone to the disease. The disease period is from June to September, and the disease is serious when there is more rain. After the disease occurs, the roots of the plant will rot, and the diseased roots and rhizosphere soil are covered with white silky hyphae, and small light yellow to dark brown rapeseed-like sclerotia. Mycelium and sclerotia will spread to the main stem, and the plant will quickly wilt and die in the later stage.

② Prevention and control: avoid repeated planting and rotate crops with grass crops; strengthen field management, do a good job in drainage, ventilation and light transmission, and use sorghum planting in rainy areas; remove diseased plants in time when they are found, and clean the diseased holes of the soil, and then remove the lime to seal the diseased hole; before planting, soak the roots with 1000 times solution of 50% Bacteria for 5 minutes.

(3) Cutworm

①Damage: The buds and rhizomes of the plant will be damaged.

② Prevention and treatment: Mix 100 grams of methomyl EC with 1 kilogram of water, then spray the liquid into 100 kilograms of fresh grass or chopped vegetable leaves (about 16 cm in length), and mix Poison baits are piled in the field in the evening, and piled at regular intervals into small piles with a diameter of 30-40 cm and a height of 15 cm (the dosage is 25 kg/acre), which can have a trapping effect.