(1) Spontaneous play has special development value for children.
On the basis of long-term research on children's games, Professor Hua Aihua of East China Normal University puts forward that children's spontaneous and independent games have special development value: first, games reflect development, because games are the performance activities of children's existing experience; The second is the consolidation and development of the game, because there are a lot of spontaneous practice behaviors in the game; Third, games promote development, because there are a lot of spontaneous exploratory behaviors in games.
Through the study of typical symbolic games in early childhood, the author also found that children can show their interests, hobbies, needs and creative behaviors most relaxed and naturally in their spontaneous games, which are the activities with the greatest sense of security, pleasure, belonging, competence, accomplishment and self-worth for them. Therefore, spontaneous play is of great value to the development of children's self-awareness, subjective awareness, problem-solving ability and creativity.
(2) Observing children's spontaneous play is an important way for teachers to understand children and improve their observation behavior.
Children's spontaneous play is a carrier for teachers to know and understand children well. Observing children's spontaneous play is an important way for teachers to improve their observation behavior. There are several reasons: first, through children's spontaneous play behavior, teachers can learn their most authentic and natural performance, which is helpful for teachers to find a real child; Secondly, by observing the spontaneous performance of children, teachers can see many creative behaviors of children that are difficult to show in the teaching situation, which is helpful for teachers to find a wise child; In addition, teachers can also form a cooperative partnership with children in the process of playing with children, build a deep understanding of children's active learning, and find appropriate strategies and methods to interact with children ... Observing the process of children's spontaneous play is a process in which teachers try to think from different angles, learn from children, and build and grow together with children.
2. Points and methods to improve teachers' observation behavior
Point 1: Solve the problem of attitude and help teachers to enhance their awareness of observation.
Objective: To make teachers pay attention to children's spontaneous games from their own games.
Methods: Contrast-feeling method.
Compare the teaching games designed by teachers with the independent games initiated by children themselves, and find out the differences of children's state and performance in them.
Encourage teachers to create more opportunities for children to play independently, feel the significance of spontaneous games for children's development, and experience the process and connotation of children's active learning.
Point 2: Solve the problem of angle and help teachers change their observation perspective.
Objective: To make teachers change from finding out the shortcomings of children to finding out the meaning behind children's existing experience and behavior.
Methods: "shoot-find" method.
Try to pay attention to children's spontaneous play behavior in daily work, and find out children's meaningful spontaneous play behavior through observation and analysis.
Using modern means, I try to take pictures of children's spontaneous play behavior, and help myself objectively and carefully analyze the significance and value of children's spontaneous play behavior.
Combined with the recent work focus or research content, this paper purposefully collects and sorts out some children's related performances and characteristics in spontaneous games.
Point 3: Solve the problem of thinking and help teachers make observation plans.
Objective: To urge teachers to change from random observation to purposeful and well-founded observation.
Methods: "plan-capture" method
Combine the recent work focus, research content or class key activities to determine your own observation purpose.
According to the purpose of observation, the object, content, time and method of observation are roughly determined to form a preliminary class observation plan.
According to the needs of children and the needs of class work, we should combine purposeful observation with random observation in order to capture more, more comprehensive and more meaningful information about children's active learning and development.
Point 4: Solve technical problems and help teachers choose observation methods.
Objective: To let teachers find out their own methods based on the known observation methods.
Methods: The method of "synthesis-exploration"
Collect relevant information and learn practical, simple and easy-to-operate observation methods.
According to the purpose of observation, we should comprehensively use various observation methods to collect more meaningful information services for ourselves.
According to different observation objects and situations, explore suitable and convenient observation methods.
Point 5: Solve the carrier problem and help teachers improve observation records.
Objective: To help teachers combine open observation questions with structured recording forms.
Methods: Open-structure method.
Put a pad in your pocket and record the actions, language, expressions and conversations between children at any time with a few words or keywords.
According to the purpose of observation, design a few open questions to record the information you want to know.
According to the purpose of observation, several key items (dimensions) are sorted out, and a simple and structured observation record table is designed to facilitate the classification, analysis and judgment of many behaviors of children.
Point 6: Solve the problem of interpretation and help teachers form an analytical framework.
Objective: To help teachers find out the key value points according to the theory and form their own clues or analysis framework for the development of young children.
Methods: Classification-integration method.
Refer to the literature on children's development, the Guide to Children's Learning and Development for 3-6 years old, or learn from the guidelines and evaluation indicators of children's development in developed countries such as Britain and the United States, so as to provide a basis for explaining the observation data more scientifically and objectively.
According to my own observation purpose and problems to be solved, I classify and integrate all kinds of recorded information and try to explain it simply.
On the basis of repeated experiences and attempts, I summarize and sort out my own clues or analysis framework for the development of children in different fields, and gradually form my own scientific evaluation of the current situation of children's learning and development.
Point 7: Solve the problem of growth and help teachers learn to change their ideas in reflection.
Objective: To help teachers understand children's natural characteristics and behaviors with respect, learn to take children as teachers to reflect on their educational concepts and adjust their educational behaviors.
Methods: "Retrospection-adjustment" method.
Learn to face up to and accept children's behaviors in the game process, even if they are problematic in the eyes of adults, and learn to understand and respect children's physical and mental development characteristics.
Through children's spontaneous play behavior, the influence of teachers' own words and deeds on children is reflected.
With the observation of children's spontaneous play, this paper reflects on the possible problems in their own educational concepts, finds the reasons for the problems, and adjusts their inherent thinking patterns and behavior habits.
With the consciousness of active observation, purposeful observation and continuous observation, we will improve our observation ability and reflection ability in repeated attempts, experiences, reflections and adjustments, and constantly gain professional growth.