Cherry tomatoes are a very delicious fruit and vegetable, so how do you grow cherry tomatoes? Here are the cherry tomato growing techniques I have compiled for you. I hope it will be useful to you.
Cherry tomato planting technology
1. Sow seeds at the right time to cultivate strong seedlings
Seedling cultivation time: early spring cultivation from mid-December to early January, early autumn cultivation in June From late July to mid-July, autumn and winter cultivation is from late July to early August.
Seedlings can be grown in plug trays. The hole tray should be of 72 holes or 105 holes size. Before raising seedlings, the seedling plugs and seedling substrate should be fully disinfected. The plugs should be soaked in 2% bleach solution for 20 to 30 minutes, rinsed and dried before use. The seedling substrate should be configured according to peat: vermiculite: perlite = 6:3:1 , mix evenly and spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times with water. Stop watering when the water content is 60 to 65%. Before sowing, soak the seeds in water at 55°C for 15 to 20 minutes. Stir constantly to heat the seeds evenly, or treat them with 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes. After washing, soak the seeds in clean water for 5 hours and place in an environment of 25 to 30°C. After germination, 80% of the seeds are white and ready for sowing. The suitable temperature for germination is 28-30°C during the day and 20°C at night. After the seedlings have emerged, the suitable temperature is 25-28°C during the day and 15-20°C at night. The temperature should be lowered appropriately one week before planting, and the seedlings should be hardened at low temperature. The daytime temperature should be controlled at 18-22°C. ℃, 12~15℃ at night.
2. Planting
When the seedlings grow 4 to 6 true leaves, they can be planted. Apply 8 to 10 cubic meters of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 80 to 100 kilograms of compound fertilizer, and 20 to 40 kilograms of diammonium phosphate per acre. The land is prepared to make borders, and double rows are planted in each border. The large row spacing is 80 cm, the small row spacing is 60 cm, the plant spacing is 45 to 50 cm, and 2,000 to 2,200 plants per acre are planted. Pingtuo can be planted, and the planting water should be poured thoroughly during planting. During winter cultivation, cover with mulch film in mid-to-late November.
3. Field management
(1) Watering.
Under normal circumstances, do not water before the first ear of fruit; the plant needs a lot of water during the fruiting period, watering once every 7 days; reduce watering during the harvest period to prevent fruit cracking.
(2) Top dressing.
After the first ear of fruit has settled, apply 10 to 15 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre with water to ensure the nutrients required for normal fruit growth. After each ear of fruit has settled, apply top-dressing fertilizer once with watering.
(3) Temperature management.
The temperature during the day is 22℃~28℃, not higher than 35℃, and above 10℃ at night.
(4) Pruning.
Cherry tomato plants have poor uprightness. When they grow to 30 to 40 centimeters, they should be hung on their vines to prevent the plants from lodging. Single-pole pruning can remove vines in time to facilitate farming operations. Remove old and diseased lower leaves in a timely manner to reduce nutrient consumption and increase light transmittance.
(5) Dip the flowers to protect the fruits.
Generally, fruit-setting spirit or anti-falling agent is used, with a concentration of 20-30 mg/kg, leaving 10-12 fruits per ear.
4. Harvesting.
It can be harvested after maturity, or it can be harvested at the right time according to the purpose of the fruit and the transportation distance to ensure good commercial properties. When harvesting tomatoes, pick them gently to prevent mechanical damage.
Pests and diseases control
Common diseases include gray mold and late blight; pests include aphids, whitefly, etc. Reasonable selection of pesticides and combination of prevention and control are required. For gray mold, you can use white fungus smoke remover and methylamphenyl; for late blight, you can use Kelu, Preco or Xinji. Whiteflies can be trapped and killed with pyrimethamine, Caixi and yellow boards; aphids can be controlled with imidacloprid or pirimicarb.
Cherry tomato cultivation technology
1. Cultivation season: The cultivation season of cherry tomatoes is similar to that of ordinary tomatoes. For open field cultivation, seedlings can be cultivated in protected areas in spring sowing in February, transplanted after the final frost in late April, and the harvest period begins in mid-to-late June. For autumn sowing, seedlings can be raised in July, planted in August, and harvested in October. Cultivation in protected areas can be done earlier or later.
2. Seedbed preparation: The seedbed should be selected on a plot where solanaceous vegetables have not been planted. Select a fertile field and mix 40-50% of Green Fengyuan organic fertilizer into each square of nutrient soil. 1 kg of calcium phosphate and 5-10 kg of plant ash are mixed and sieved, and spread on a dry nursery bed.
Early spring seedling beds should be set up in a greenhouse, and electric wires should be laid if the temperature is too low; summer seedling beds should be set up in a cool, ventilated place. There is a lot of rain in summer, so the nursery bed must have rain shelter facilities and drainage ditches at the end of the bed.
3. Seed treatment before sowing tomatoes: If you want to increase the yield and increase the income of tomatoes, the seeds must be treated before sowing. The diseases of cherry tomatoes are mostly spread by seed bacteria, so the seeds must be disinfected before sowing. In order to prevent and control the occurrence of viral diseases, trisodium phosphate is often used for disinfection in production. The method is: first moisten the seeds with water, wrap them in gauze, soak them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15-20 minutes, take out the seed packets, wrap them in a warm towel and place them at 28°C for germination. During the germination period, rinse the seeds once a day and sow them when 1/2 of the seeds are white in about 3-4 days.
4. Seedling management: When raising seedlings in early spring, attention should be paid to heat preservation, and the ground temperature of the seedbed should be controlled at 25-30°C before emergence. Summer seedlings should be protected from rain and cooled down. When most of the seeds emerge, the temperature should be cooled down in time. The temperature should be controlled at 20°C during the day and 12-15°C at night. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, divide the seedlings.
5. Seed-dividing: As the temperature gets higher in early spring, there is generally no need to lay ground wires in the seed-dividing bed. Seedlings should be planted in the early spring equinox in the morning on a sunny day, using the method of dark water planting. First dig a ditch, then water, and then place the seedlings and bury them in the soil after the water seeps down. After burying, no muddy water can be seen on the surface. The spacing between rows is 10 to 10 cm. Summer seedling division is carried out in the evening or on cloudy days, and the method is the same as early spring seedling division. The spacing between rows is 10 to 10 cm. After planting, irrigate with water, shade the border, and remove the covering after the seedlings have slowed down. The temperature of the seedbed before slowing down the seedlings is 25-28°C during the day and 15-18°C at night; after slowing down the seedlings, the temperature is 20-25°C during the day and 13-15°C at night. No watering in early spring, water the seedbed frequently in summer. Plant the seedlings when they have 8 true leaves.
6. Colonization: first prepare the land, combine it with deep plowing, and apply 5,000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kilograms of N, P, and K ternary compound fertilizer, and 20 kilograms of superphosphate per acre. After the ground is leveled, make a 150 cm wide flat border (if the mulch film is buckled in early spring, make a small high border with a height of 10 cm and a border width of 50-60 cm). Plant three rows per border in flat borders, and plant one row in each border in small high borders. The spacing between plants is 20-30 cm, and 4500-6000 plants are planted per acre. When buckling the mulch film, first spread the film over the whole border, and then dig planting holes according to the spacing between the plants. The planting depth is 1 cm from the cotyledons to the ground.
7. Field management:
7.1 Watering. If you water enough for planting, you don't need to water again until the first inflorescence blooms and sets fruit. If there is little water for planting, you can dig ditches in the border to pour small amounts of water, and do it in the morning on a sunny day. Water the first large amount of water after the first panicle flowers set fruit. Water needs a lot during the fruiting period. Water once every 5-6 days. It is required to see dry and wet conditions. Reduce watering during the harvest period to prevent fruit cracking.
7.2 Top dressing. After the first flower set and fruit set, apply 10 kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per acre in combination with watering. When the first fruit changes color, apply 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre to promote fruit development. In the future, top-dress fertilizer once every two ears of fruit appear. , the top dressing amount is 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu.
7.3 Temperature management. The cultivation temperature of protected soil is higher than that of ordinary tomatoes. It needs to be above 10℃ at night, 20-25℃ during the day, and the maximum is not higher than 35℃.
7.4 Pruning. Cherry tomato plants are tall and have poor uprightness. When the plants grow to 50 centimeters, they need to be put on stands to prevent them from falling over. Side branches have strong growth ability. Generally, double-stem pruning is performed, leaving 2 strong branches first and erasing the others. Generally, there is no topping, and when the lower old leaves turn yellow, they are removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption.
7.5 Thin flowers to preserve fruits. When the temperature is low in early spring, poor pollination may cause flowers to fall off. You can use 2,4-D to apply 2,4-D to the newly opened calyx and flower stalk (you only need to apply it once). Cherry tomatoes have more flowers and fruits per ear. Select 20-30 fruits that have good fruit setting and remove the rest.
8. Pest and disease control: Common diseases include early blight, late blight, viral diseases, gray mold, etc. Control methods: Implement 3-4 year crop rotation with non-Solanaceae crops. In the early stage of the disease, use 70% mancozeb 500 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 4-5 times continuously. The main pests are aphids, which can be controlled with 800-1000 times of 20% pyrethrin emulsifiable concentrate and 2000-3000 times of 50% aphid repellent mist.