Sophora japonica is a perennial flower, with racemes, butterfly-shaped corollas, blooming in clusters and overlapping hanging. Most of the small flowers are shriveled and curled with scattered petals. Complete calyx bell-shaped, yellow-green, apex 5-lobed; Petals 5, mostly yellow or yellow-white, also have other colors such as purple (see figure). Usually 1 petal is large, nearly round, slightly concave at the apex, and the other four petals are rectangular; Stamens 10, of which 9 bases are United and filaments are slender; Pistil cylindrical, curved. [ 1]
◎ This entry mainly introduces Sophora japonica, a leguminous plant. Please refer to the entry of Sophora japonica for the introduction of Sophora japonica, refer to Sophora japonica for the introduction of its flower buds, and refer to Sophora japonica for other Chinese medicines related to Sophora japonica.
[Edit this paragraph] Ornamental value
Sophora japonica is a deciduous tree, which is mostly planted near houses and roadside. Widely cultivated in China, especially in the Loess Plateau and North China Plain. Generally, it blooms from April to May every year, and the flowering period is about 10- 15 days. Sophora japonica has a good ornamental value. Every summer when flowers bloom, clusters of white Sophora japonica flowers are covered with branches, and the air is filled with a faint and elegant fragrance, which is refreshing. There is a poem (whose author is unknown) that is often mentioned, "In May, the pagoda tree overflows with beautiful flowers and is full of intoxicating fragrance. Where the spring falls, the fragrance floats all the way to the horizon. "
There are many poems about the white locust tree in China's poems to express a kind of sadness and sadness. Ye Luo in the Tang Dynasty once wrote a poem called "Sophora japonica", the full text of which is "the copper camel monster outside the palace, with the most species on both sides." If you want to reach autumn, try to open Jin Rui to Guanhe River. The building hates floating bead foil, and the horse is fragrant and swaying jade. Those who worry about killing the Jianghu are busy for the rest of their lives every year "(from Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, vol. 654-9), others such as" Autumn is full of autumn wind, and Sophora japonica is half-real "(Autumn Day by Bai Juyi)," Before dusk, Sophora japonica is one inch deep "(Sleeping in Autumn by Bai Juyi)," Who lived here in previous years? "
In addition, Sophora japonica is occasionally mentioned in folk songs, such as a traditional folk song "When will Sophora japonica bloom" in Yibin, Sichuan, which shows the girl's infatuation with her lover [2]. "Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",Gnome male-",
The blooming Sophora japonica often evokes people's memories of their hometown and childhood. For example, Xie Jun's song "The Fragrance of Sophora japonica" sings "Another year of Sophora japonica fragrance/evokes the pure yearning of childhood/no news of childhood playmates/makes people sad/another year of Sophora japonica fragrance/I don't know where the people in my heart are/in this season of Sophora japonica fragrance/I think of that warm night/Sophora japonica in my hometown.
[Edit this paragraph] Edible value
Sophora japonica is sweet and fragrant, rich in vitamins and minerals, and has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and moistening lung, lowering blood pressure and preventing stroke. After picking it, it can be made into soup, mixed vegetables, braised rice, Sophora japonica cake and wrapped in jiaozi. Steamed Sophora japonica (also known as Sophora japonica rice) is the most common in daily life, which is a habit in many areas of China. The method is simple. Add washed Sophora japonica into flour and mix well, then add seasonings such as refined salt and monosodium glutamate. Mix well and steam in a steamer. In addition, Sophora japonica can also be added when cooking porridge and soup.
Although Sophora japonica is delicious, there are some taboos when eating it. Because Sophora japonica is sweet, diabetics had better not eat more. Powdered steamed Sophora japonica is not easy to digest, and people with poor digestive system, especially middle-aged and elderly people, should not eat too much. At the same time, people with allergies should also eat Sophora japonica carefully [3].
Diet therapy party
Huai Hua Jie Jie yin
The raw materials Sophora japonica and fried Schizonepeta tenuifolia are equally divided.
Drink with decoction.
Efficacy This prescription uses Sophora japonica to cool blood and stop bleeding, and fried Schizonepeta tenuifolia to enhance the hemostasis function. Used for hematochezia and hemorrhoid bleeding.
Huaijucha
The raw materials are 6 grams of Sophora japonica, 0/5 grams of chrysanthemum/kloc-and 0/0 grams of tender mulberry leaves.
Usage Soak in boiling water instead of drinking tea.
Efficacy: This prescription uses three herbs to clear liver and improve eyesight, and mulberry leaves and chrysanthemum can also dispel wind and clear heat. For liver heat or wind-heat with red eyes.
Dahuang Huaihua honey drink
Raw rhubarb 4g, Sophora japonica 30g, honey 15g, green tea 2g.
Usage: First, fish out the raw rhubarb, wash it, dry it in the sun or dry it in the sun, cut it into pieces, put it in a casserole, add some water, cook for 5 minutes, remove the residue and leave the juice for later use. Put Sophora japonica and tea leaves in a pot, add appropriate amount of water, boil, pour in raw rhubarb decoction, leave the fire, cool slightly, and mix well with honey while it is hot. Take it twice in the morning and evening.
The effect of clearing heat and cooling blood. This dietotherapy prescription is suitable for patients with colorectal cancer with hematochezia, scarlet blood and hematochezia after cancer operation.
Portulaca oleracea Sophora japonica porridge
The raw materials are fresh purslane100g, Sophora japonica 30g, japonica rice100g and brown sugar 20g.
Usage: First, pick fresh purslane, wash it, blanch it in boiling water pot, take it out, code it neatly, and cut it into pieces for later use. Sorting Flos Sophorae Immaturus, cleaning, air drying or sun drying, and grinding into fine powder for later use. Wash the japonica rice, put it in a casserole, add some water, and boil it over high fire. When the porridge is ready, add the fine powder of Sophora japonica, the crushed purslane and brown sugar, and then simmer until it boils. Take it twice in the morning and evening.
The effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. This dietotherapy prescription is suitable for hematochezia and scarlet caused by patients with colorectal cancer.
Sanguisorba Sophora japonica honey beverage
The raw materials are 60g of Sanguisorba officinalis, 30g of Sophora japonica and 30g of honey.
Usage: First, clean the dug Sanguisorba officinalis, or buy it from a Chinese pharmacy, pick out impurities, cut into pieces, put it into a casserole, add appropriate amount of water, decoct it twice, each time for 40 minutes, combine the concentrated decoctions twice, then put it back into the casserole, add Sophora japonica, add water if necessary, decoct it with strong fire for 65,438+00 minutes, filter it with clean gauze, remove residues, collect the filtrate, and put it into a container after it is warmed. Take it twice in the morning and evening.
The effects of clearing away heat and cooling blood, resisting cancer and stopping bleeding. This diet prescription is suitable for cervical cancer and vaginal bleeding.
Sophora japonica porridge in two places
Raw materials: Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Lycii, Flos Sophorae each 30g, and japonica rice 30g-60g.
Usage: Wash Radix Rehmanniae, Cortex Lycii, and Flos Sophorae Immaturus, add water to decoct, remove residue to get juice, and cook with japonica rice to make porridge. Daily 1 time for 3-5 days.
Clearing heat and consolidating menstruation. Used for menorrhagia, dark red or purplish red menstrual blood, sticky mass and abdominal pain. Upset and thirsty, yellow urine, red tongue, yellow fur and slippery pulse.
Steamed fish with Sophora japonica
The raw materials are Sophora japonica 15g, 7 green onions, 20g purple garlic, 500g crucian carp or carp, and appropriate amount of ginger, salt and cooking wine.
Method: Wash the fish, remove scales, gills and viscera, obliquely cut the fish for 3-5 knives, put it in a casserole, add onion, ginger, garlic, salt, cooking wine and appropriate amount of water, and steam for 20 minutes with slow fire. Then add the washed Sophora japonica, add a little monosodium glutamate and sesame oil, and you can eat.
Efficacy: This therapeutic prescription is mainly for clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, and has a good effect on patients with psoriasis vulgaris with red papules covered with layers of silver scales, thirst and constipation, yellow and greasy fur and accumulation of damp heat.
[Edit this paragraph] Medicinal value
Sophora japonica is not only edible, but also a good medicine. It is usually harvested when flowers bloom or buds form in summer, especially when the leaves are large, compact, yellow-green, and sessile. Sun-dried in time to remove branches, stems, impurities and ashes, which can be used as raw materials, fried or fried (fried Sophora japonica can be washed and fried until the surface is dark yellow, and carbonized Sophora japonica can be washed and fried until the surface is brown). However, when used as a street tree, Sophora japonica may be contaminated by pesticides, so care should be taken when picking it [4]. Dry Sophora japonica rice is light, odorless and slightly bitter, and should be stored in a dry place to prevent it from being affected by moisture and insects.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it is bitter in taste and slightly cold in nature, belonging to the liver and large intestine meridian; When blood enters, it falls, and the body is slightly scattered; It has the effects of cooling blood to stop bleeding, clearing liver-fire and purging fire, and is mainly used for treating intestinal wind, hematochezia, hemorrhoids, bloody dysentery, hematuria, bloody stranguria, metrorrhagia, hematemesis, epistaxis, headache due to liver fire, red eyes and sore throat, aphonia and carbuncle. From the perspective of western medicine, Sophora japonica contains rutin, quercetin, tannin, Sophora japonica diol, vitamin A and other substances (see the table below for details). Rutin can improve the function of capillaries, maintain the normal resistance of capillaries, and prevent bleeding, hypertension and diabetes caused by excessive fragility and permeability of capillaries.
Therefore, Sophora japonica is often used as a common medicine to treat hematochezia, which is used for hemorrhoid bleeding, hematochezia, bloody dysentery and hematemesis and epistaxis caused by blood heat. Generally decocted, 10 ~ 15g is suitable for external use. People with spleen and stomach weakness and fever due to yin deficiency should use it with caution [5].
use
1. Cooling blood and stopping bleeding should be fried, and clearing liver and purging fire should be used.
2. Flos Sophorae Immaturus is mainly used for hematochezia, hematuria and hemorrhoids, and can also be used for hemoptysis and epistaxis in combination with Herba et Gemma Agrimoniae and Lalang Grass Rhizome.
3. It can be decocted instead of tea, and can also be used with Prunella vulgaris, Chrysanthemum and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi to increase the efficacy of clearing liver-fire and improving eyesight.
Related pharmacopoeia discussion
1. rihuazi materia medica: treating five hemorrhoids, heartache, red eyes, fever in abdomen, skin wind, diarrhea due to intestinal wind and red and white dysentery.
2. Compendium of Materia Medica: Stir-fry incense and chew frequently to treat aphonia laryngitis, hematemesis and bleeding, metrorrhagia and leakage.
3. "Medicinal meaning": Sophora japonica is bitter, bitter and strong. It can clear intestine, relieve red blood, cause hemorrhoid swelling and pain, and expel dirty poison. This function of cooling blood is unique to the large intestine. The large intestine and lung can dispel wind and relieve exterior syndrome, and it is also the qi of releasing lung gold.
4. "Medical Source": cooling the large intestine.
5. "Ben Cao Zheng": cool the large intestine and kill mites. Treat carbuncle, sore, itch, hemorrhoid and leakage, relieve Myrica rubra, and treat carbuncle.
6. drug forest outline: purging lung, purging heart fire, clearing liver fire and strengthening kidney water.
7. "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": treating big, bloody stool and bloody tongue.
8. "Seeking Materia Medica": Take medicine for cooling blood. Treat epigastric pain and kill ascaris.
9. Journal of Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory: Treating diabetic retinitis.
Main chemical constituents (taking Sophora japonica as an example)
Sophora japonica contains adzuki bean saponins I, II and V, soybean saponins I and III, and Sophora japonica saponins I, II and III. It also contains flavonoids: quercetin, rutin, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin -3- rutin and kaempferol -3- rutin. It also contains betulin and sophoradiol.
The flower oil contains lauric acid, dodecenoic acid, myristic acid, tetradecenoic acid, tetradecenoic acid, palmitic acid, fatty acids such as hexadecenoic acid, stearic acid, octadecenoic acid, decatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid and beta-sitosterol. It also contains tannins.
Identification and content determination of western medicine
distinguish
1. The powder of this product is yellow-green. Pollen grains are spherical or obtuse triangle with a diameter of 14 ~ 19 μ m and three germination holes. Non-glandular hair is 1 ~ 3 cells, 86 ~ 660μ m long, with irregular stomata and 4 ~ 8 accessory cells. Calcium oxalate crystals are rare.
2. Take 0.65438 0 g powder of this product, add 65438±00ml ethanol, heat for 5min, and filter. Take 1ml filtrate, and add a small amount of magnesium powder and 2 ~ 3 drops of hydrochloric acid to obtain cherry red.
3. Take 0.2g of this product powder, add 5ml of methanol, plug it, shake it evenly for 65438 00 minutes, let it stand for 65438 00 minutes, filter it, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Another rutin reference substance was added together with methanol to prepare a solution containing 4 mg of reference substance solution per 1 ml. According to the thin-layer chromatography test, absorb the above two solutions 10μl, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (8: 1: 1) as the developing agent, unfold, take them out, dry them, spray aluminum trichloride test solution, and place them in an ultraviolet lamp (after ethanol evaporates) In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
Content determination
1. Prepare the reference solution. Accurately weigh 200mg 120℃ rutin reference substance dried under reduced pressure to constant weight, put it in a 100ml volumetric flask, add 70ml methanol, put it in a slightly hot water bath to dissolve it, let it cool, add methanol to the scale, and shake well. Accurately suck 10ml, put it in a 100ml volumetric flask, add water to the scale, and shake well to get the product (containing 0.2mg of anhydrous rutin per 1ml).
2. Prepare the standard curve. Accurately measure 0ml, 1.0ml, 2.0ml, 3.0ml, 4.0ml, 5.0ml and 6.0ml of control solutions, put them in 25ml volumetric flasks, add water to 6ml, add 1ml 5% sodium nitrite solution, mix well, stand for 6 minutes, and add/kloc-0. Add 10ml sodium hydroxide test solution, then add water to the scale, shake well, and let stand for15min. According to spectrophotometry, the absorbance was measured at the wavelength of 500nm, and the standard curve was drawn with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.
3. determination. Take about 65438 0 g of crude powder of this product, dry it at 60℃ for 6 hours, weigh it accurately, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add 65438±020ml of ether, heat and reflux until the extract is colorless, cool it, and discard the ether solution. Add 90ml of methanol, heat and reflux until the extract is colorless, transfer to a 100ml volumetric flask, wash the container with a small amount of methanol, combine the washing solutions into the volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, and shake well. Accurately measure 100ml, put it in a 100ml volumetric flask, add water to the scale, and shake well. Accurately measure 3ml and put it in a 25ml volumetric flask. According to the method under the standard curve preparation, determine the absorbance according to law from "adding water to 6ml", read the weight (μg) of rutin in the test solution from the standard curve and calculate. After drying at 60℃ for 6 hours, the rutin content (C27H30O 16) should not be lower than 8.0% and 20.0% of Sophora japonica.