1. Typical methods for extracting astaxanthin from animal shells by supercritical extraction are as follows:
Crushing shrimp shells → dilute acid treatment → washing to neutrality → drying → feeding → supercritical static extraction → supercritical circulation extraction → collection → saponification → liquid chromatography analysis and purification → packaging → freezing preservation;
2. The technological process of extracting astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma is as follows:
Activation of Phaffia rhodozyma cells → inoculation → fermentation → centrifugal collection of cells → drying → wall-breaking treatment → leaching → concentration → astaxanthin analysis and extraction.
It should be pointed out that calcium in animal shells will affect the production of astaxanthin. The extraction method of animal shells has harsh production conditions, high production cost, low yield and low product purity. Therefore, only a few countries use this technology to produce astaxanthin. The yield of astaxanthin extracted from Phaffia rhodozyma is high, but there may be some problems such as residue and pollutant concentration during extraction and processing.
Extended data:
Natural extraction: Astaxanthin extracted from aquatic product processing waste is widely used. This method can not only create economic benefits, but also reduce the chromaticity and pollution of production and processing wastewater. Commonly used methods include alkali extraction, oil dissolution, organic solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction.
Chemical synthesis: The conversion of β -carotene into astaxanthin requires the addition of two ketone groups and two hydroxyl groups. Chemical synthesis is difficult, and the products are mostly cis-structure, while astaxanthin required for biosynthesis is mostly trans-structure.
Other synthetic methods:
Besides natural extraction and chemical synthesis, β -carotene in bacteria, protozoa and crops can also be used as a precursor, and the enzyme for synthesizing astaxanthin can be transferred into the corresponding crops through transgenic technology to synthesize astaxanthin. But at present, this method of producing astaxanthin is only in experimental research.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Astaxanthin