1. Spray treatment
Inhalation of hormone spray has local anti-inflammatory effect; During inhalation, drugs enter the respiratory tract. In this way, the amount of inhalation is small, most of the drugs that directly enter the blood through the digestive tract and respiratory tract are inactivated by the liver, and there are few systemic side effects.
2. Intravenous injection
In the treatment of severe asthma, intravenous theophylline is used to relax bronchi, which has no advantage compared with the rapid β2- agonist used in sufficient amount. Usage: aminophylline is added into glucose solution, slowly injected intravenously (the injection speed should not exceed .25 mg kg -1 min-1) or intravenously dripped.
3. Desensitization therapy
Desensitization therapy for allergens can alleviate or reduce asthma attacks. At present, sublingual desensitization therapy is widely used. Allergen extract is dripped under the tongue to make respiratory mucosa tolerant, so as to alleviate or control allergic symptoms and achieve the purpose of desensitization treatment.
4. Common methods
To control acute attack, spasmolysis, anti-inflammation, and removal of airway mucus thrombi should be taken into account, so as to keep the airway unobstructed and prevent secondary infection. Generally, adrenocorticoid drugs, theophylline (xanthine) drugs, anticholinergic drugs, calcium antagonists, adrenal glucocorticoids, cromoglycate disodium, ketotifen and so on can be used alone or in combination.
5. Dietotherapy
Patients with asthma should eat more fresh vegetables and water like lilies, yams, tomatoes, cabbage, eggplant, white radish, almonds and tremella, and eat less fat, cream, chocolate and salt.
boiled ginger, garlic and brown sugar water
If the cough is severe and there are more white and thin sputum, it means that the cold is severe. When eating the above therapeutic prescription, add the water boiled with ginger, garlic and brown sugar. Children can use 3 slices of ginger, 3 cloves of garlic and half a spoonful of brown sugar. Adults can use 7-8 slices of ginger, 7-8 cloves of garlic and one spoonful of brown sugar. Put them in a pot and add water. It can be cooked for 1 minutes on medium fire. In severe cases, it can be used three times a day.
6. Boil radish water
Slice white radish, 3-4 slices for children, and more for adults. Add water to the pot and boil for 5 minutes, and drink radish water three times a day. Because radish has the functions of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, smoothing qi, promoting diuresis, clearing away heat and promoting fluid production, it has a good effect in treating cough and asthma caused by excessive internal heat.
7. Steamed prickly ash and rock sugar pears
Wash the pears, cut them horizontally by the handle, remove the intermediate core, and put 15 prickly ash and 1 rock sugar in children, 3 prickly ash and 2 rock sugar in adults, put the upper part of the pears into a bowl, and steam them in a pot for half an hour. Children can eat pear meat twice, and adults can eat it three times a day if they are seriously ill.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is warm and spicy, and has the effect of expelling cold. Can comb the intestines and adjust the joints. However, it is easy to make people get angry, and it is suitable for eating with foods such as rock sugar pears and other foods that reduce fire.
8. Steamed garlic water
Statistics show that people with cough and asthma can suppress their illness by taking garlic. Take two or three cloves of garlic, put them in a pot, cover them, steam them on high fire for more than ten minutes, and then drink the soup boiled with garlic.
when steaming garlic water again the next day, you should add crystal sugar, one for children and two for adults. Garlic is warm and enters the spleen, stomach and lung meridians. People often use garlic to treat cough, tracheitis, asthma and tuberculosis, but garlic is not easy to take too much, so it is easy to get angry and make eyes dazzled. Therefore, adding crystal sugar plays a role in moistening the lungs.
9. Examination of bronchial asthma
1. Routine blood examination. Some patients may have increased eosinophils during the attack, but most of them are not obvious. If complicated with infection, the number of white blood cells may increase, and the proportion of classified neutrophils may increase.
2. Sputum examination smear. More eosinophils can be seen, such as respiratory tract bacterial infection. Gram staining of sputum smear, cell culture and drug sensitivity test are helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of pathogenic bacteria.
3. Examination of lung function. The pulmonary ventilation function in remission stage is mostly in the normal range. At the onset of asthma, due to the limitation of expiratory flow rate, the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), the first second rate (FEV1/FVC%), the maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMER), the maximum expiratory flow rate (MEF 5% and MEF 75%) and the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) all decreased.
4. Blood gas analysis. In severe asthma attack, there may be hypoxia, and PaO2 and SaO2 decrease. Because of hyperventilation, PaCO2 decreases and pH value increases, showing respiratory alkalosis. For example, severe asthma, with further development and severe airway obstruction, may have hypoxia and CO2 retention, and PaCO2 _ 2 increases, showing respiratory acidosis. If hypoxia is obvious, it can be combined with metabolic acidosis.
5. chest x-ray examination. In the early stage of asthma attack, the transparency of both lungs increased, showing an over-inflated state; There was no obvious abnormality in remission period. If complicated with respiratory tract infection, increased lung texture and inflammatory infiltration shadow can be seen. At the same time, we should pay attention to complications such as atelectasis, pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema.
6. Detection of specific allergens. Asthma patients are mostly accompanied by allergies and are sensitive to many allergens and irritants. The measurement of allergic indexes combined with medical history is helpful to the etiological diagnosis of patients and to get rid of the contact with allergic factors. However, allergic reactions should be prevented.