A first step is to understand the causes of hypertension, hypertension is partly related to genetic factors, and partly related to lifestyle, such as high salt diet, high fat diet, smoking, mental stress, obesity, as well as some drug effects. Therefore, when treating hypertension, the first thing to do is to carry out lifestyle interventions, such as mental relaxation, quit smoking and drinking, low-salt and low-fat diets, reduce weight, moderate exercise, and ensure adequate sleep.

In addition, if the blood pressure still can't be reduced to normal after lifestyle intervention, oral antihypertensive drugs should be taken. The most commonly used oral antihypertensive drugs are calcium antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, beta-blockers and diuretics. You need to go to the hospital and let the doctor choose the suitable antihypertensive drug. The precautions for hypertensive patients are as follows:

1, maintain a regular routine, avoid staying up late, go to bed early, get up early is conducive to controlling blood pressure, and play a protective role for blood vessels;

2, appropriate exercise, advocate aerobic exercise, such as jogging, brisk walking, and avoid strenuous exercise, so as not to lead to a sudden rise in blood pressure, which may induce complications such as cerebral hemorrhage and heart failure;

3, develop a Good dietary habits, avoid overeating, diet to light, low-fat, low-salt as the principle, avoid drinking coffee, strong tea, quit smoking and limiting alcohol;

4, close monitoring of blood pressure, while regular testing of blood glucose, blood lipids;

5, to maintain emotional stability, to avoid the great joys and sorrows. Hypertensive patients need to pay attention to the following aspects:

First, lifestyle intervention is long-term sustained, including diet, low-salt and low-fat diet, especially low-salt, the requirement of daily salt intake should not be more than 6g, to improve the dietary structure, strengthen the exercise, especially overweight or obese patients must reduce weight, smoking patients to quit smoking, do not stay up all night, and long-term persistence.

Second, to develop the habit of regular monitoring of blood pressure, even if the blood pressure control is relatively stable, but also to develop the morning and evening measurement of blood pressure or weekly measurement of 2-3 days, measurement to ensure that it is the morning and evening of the measurement, if the blood pressure fluctuations in the near future, to increase the number of times to measure blood pressure.

Third, regular outpatient follow-up, every year to check the large biochemical, to understand other risk factors, control, such as lipids, blood sugar, uric acid, homocysteine levels.

Fourth, if the hypertension is relatively long or the blood pressure is not well controlled, the assessment of target organ damage, as well as the assessment of the combined clinical diseases, the patient is recommended to be hospitalized for checkups.