1. Selection of improved varieties: Broad bean varieties should be selected with high yield, excellent quality and strong disease resistance, with local large white gourd beans being the best.
2. Fine soil preparation: broad beans like moisture but are not tolerant of waterlogging. They should be planted in fertile soil and sunny plots. After the previous crop is harvested, they should be plowed and leveled. In the winter fallow fields, ditches and side ditches should be opened. , according to the specifications of 1 to 1.5 meters in width, 25 centimeters in height, and 35 centimeters in ditch width, make a deep groove and high carriage, and rake the surface of the carriage flat so that the ditches are connected and not waterlogged.
3. Reasonable fertilization: mainly farmyard manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Generally, 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms of pig and cow manure, soil fertilizer or compost, 30 to 35 kilograms of superphosphate, and 100 kilograms of plant ash are used as base fertilizer per acre. After sowing, cover seeds are applied to the nest; when the seedlings reach 5 to 6 true leaves , use 5 tons of decomposed human excrement per mu, add 5 to 7.5 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, and mix with water to apply; at the beginning of flowering and pod stage, use 0.2 to 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu and mix with 50 kg of water to spray on the leaves. Apply to prevent flowers and pods from falling and affecting yield.
4. Sowing at the right time: Early sowing will cause early flowering and affect yield, while delayed sowing will affect next spring crops. It should be done 5 days before and after frost, with a row spacing of 33 cm and a nest spacing of 12 to 18 cm. Sow seeds according to the specifications, sow 2 to 3 seeds in a nest, the sowing depth is 5 to 6 cm, and the seeding rate per mu is 8 to 15 kg. After sowing, it is covered with soil and fertilizer. Rhizobium seed dressing can be carried out if conditions permit.
5. Strengthen field management: mainly master five key technologies. First, if missing plants are found 7 days after sowing, denser seedlings should be dug nearby and transplanted with soil to make up for them. Germinated seeds can also be used. replant. Second, when the seedlings reach 5 to 6 true leaves, they should be combined with top dressing and cultivating the soil once. Third, during the flowering period, choose a sunny and windless morning and cut the top buds with a sickle or pick off 4 to 6 centimeters by hand.
6. Topping and pruning to prevent and control diseases. Broad bean topping is carried out in two steps. The first topping is before and after the winter solstice to remove the main stem growth points to promote early branching and increase the number of effective branches. The second topping is when 30-40% of the plants begin to form the first pods. , removing 2-3 cm of young branches can increase the pod setting rate by about 20%. The main diseases of broad beans include red spot, rust, etc.