One, cultivation season
The Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of the region is generally sowed in late March to the beginning of April, early varieties of early July, the middle of July Start harvesting, but generally late September to early October harvesting end.
Two, seedling preparation
(a) seedling: general water depth of more than 1.5 ~ 2.5m above the surface, direct broadcasting of seedlings is difficult, you can use seedling transplanting method. There is also in the case of the diamond seed shortage, can also be used to seedling transplantation methods to improve the seedling rate and survival rate. Select fertile soil, sheltered from the wind and sunshine, convenient drainage and irrigation pond for nursery pond. Seedlings in containers, add a thin layer of water, covered with film sun warmth, the night covered with grass curtains to moisturize germination, buds grow to 0.5 cm or so, evenly spread or sown to the seedling nursery pond seedlings. Seedling pond water depth is generally maintained at 10 ~ 20 cm, out of the water and gradually deepen, to transplanting 1 week before the water depth with the planting surface is equal, so that the transplanted diamond seedlings can quickly adapt to the deep-water environment. This should be noted that the gradual deepening of the water level.
(2) seedling: generally in the main stem rhombus disk formation after preparation for planting, to carefully start seedlings, will be 2 ~ 3 seedlings tied into a bunch of spare. Seedling, two hands to grasp the diamond seedling stem trailing, take turns by section from the bottom up, until you see the white roots until, after the seedlings into the cabin or basin, each up 8 ~ 10 plants, the diamond plate and stem trailing, together as a bunch, with a rope tie the base, leaving the length of the rope to the diamond seedling bunch length plus the rope length and greater than the depth of water 30 ~ 50 centimeters is appropriate, the rope of the two ends of the knot for the use of the fixed planting. After planting the diamond plate can float on the water surface, the stem can be basically upright in the water, the degree of swaying is small, easy to survive, to be diamond stems downward elongation, the root system can be extended into the soil, absorbing soil nutrients. So one by one up seedlings, the diamond seedling Riza and disk put neatly, diamond disk face down, upside down in the cabin water.
Three, field soil preparation
Rhombus cultivation is recommended to choose the water depth of 0.3 ~ 2.m between the fertile soil, less wind and waves, the rise and fall of the ponds, river bays, low-lying water, the edge of the lake and so on. Underwater silt layer depth of more than 20 centimeters is appropriate, the content of soil organic matter to 1.5% or more. Before planting should be removed from the diamond pond in the wild diamonds, watermilfoil, watercress and other weeds, every 667m should be uniformly applied grass pond mud and other organic fertilizers 3000 ~ 5000kg as a base fertilizer.
Four, field planting
(a) direct broadcast: water depth of 1.5m below the shallow water, easier to seedling after sowing, available direct broadcast method of planting. Before sowing again to clean up the diamond pond, the water weeds, watermilfoil, wild diamonds and other clean, every 667m2 application of 25 ~ 30kg of lime. Generally in late March to early April sowing. Before sowing rhombus seeds have generally germinated, bud length 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm, operation should pay attention to avoid touching the buds, rhombus seeds should be moisturized to prevent drying, less damage, easy to seedling after sowing.
Sowing methods are sowing and strip sowing two kinds. Spreading 20 to 25kg of seed per 667m2. Strip sowing row spacing 2.0 to 2.5m, 15 to 20kg of seed per 667m2. direct broadcasting, early maturing varieties, ponds lean water depth, can be appropriately planted densely; late maturing varieties, ponds fertilizer shallow, can be appropriately planted sparingly; not planted rhombus raw ponds can be appropriately planted densely; the previous year's planted rhombus ripe ponds can be appropriately planted sparingly. Large areas of live cultivation, more strip seeding.
(2) nursery planting: rhombus field planting, should be the day of seedling, the day of planting, from the nursery pool seedlings moisturized light transported to the field. Shallow water diamonds are generally planted about 45 days after sowing, row spacing 1.5m ~ 2.0m, hole spacing 1.5m ~ 2.0m, each hole is planted with a bunch of diamond seedlings, about 2 to 3 plants, which will be inserted into the soil planting. Planting density to maintain 667m2500 ~ 800 plants, fertile soil can be sparsely planted, thin soil can be densely planted. Deep water diamonds are generally planted about 60 days after sowing, rows of 2.5m ~ 3.0m, hole spacing 2.0m ~ 2.5m, each hole is planted with a bunch of diamond seedlings, about 8 ~ 10 plants, with diamond fork (in the length of about 5m bamboo yu on a small iron fork) will be inserted into the soil under the water diamond bunch planting. This makes the plants close together, can support each other when encountering wind and waves, wind and wave resistance enhanced
Five, field management
(a) water depth adjustment: in the water depth can be controlled, the beginning of the depth of water should be maintained at 0.2 ~ 0.3m, with the growth of plants, the depth of the water deepened gradually, the depth of 0.8 ~ 2.0m is appropriate.
(2) fertilizer: rhododendron in the growth period must pay attention to the lack of fertilizer, timely fertilization, fertilizer pre-primary nitrogen-based fertilizer, but in the stem rhododendron plate formation, and the emergence of sub-disc, it is necessary to apply urea. Fertilizer and river mud mixed, made of fertilizer mud mass, sub plug into the underwater mud, to prevent loss. Flowering and fruiting period, to the application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer, this period of diamond plate basic cover the water surface, it is appropriate in the evening without wind, with 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for foliar spraying, every 10 to 15 days, for 2 to 3 times.
(C) weed control: mainly in the diamond of the pre-growth period is easy to occur, generally appropriate to manual weeding.
Six, the prevention and control of pests and diseases:
1, rhombus blight:
Prevention and control methods: ① choose the water level rises and falls gently, wind and waves are small, the soil is rich in organic matter, the silt layer is thicker in the lakes and ponds planted in the fall and winter season in a timely manner to remove the field side of the weeds. ② strengthen fertilizer management, viscous river mud or a mixture of fertilizer and manure as a base fertilizer, full base fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting period to promote the results. Water to adjust the temperature and fertilizer to improve disease resistance. ③ In the early stage of this disease must be timely spraying 5% well mold Gonzo water 1000 times solution.
2, rhododendron white silk disease:
Prevention and control methods: ① as the old saying goes, is the timely removal of diseased plants, eradication of pond weeds, centralized deep burial treatment. ② strengthen field management, the implementation of crop rotation, timely prevention and control of rhododendron fluorescent leaf armor. Early onset of spraying 20% methyl lignoconazole emulsion 1000 to 1200 times liquid, the safety interval of 15 days; or 5% wellbutrin aqueous 1000 to 1500 times spray.
3, rhododendron leaf beetle:
Methods of prevention and control: ① timely treatment of the old rhododendron plate after the picking, can be a large number of killing pests. In winter, these old diamond plate is a good place for the survival of pests. ② Everyone note that the appropriate period of 1 to 2 years in the peak of the larvae, should focus on the prevention and control of the first generation, or the main treatment of the second generation, make up for the treatment of the third generation. It is appropriate to use 25% of the insecticide double water 500 times to 1000 times liquid, or 40% Rogaine 1000 times to 1500 times liquid spray 1 time, the safety interval of 15 days.
4, diamondback purple leafhopper: control methods: ① clear ponds and ditches and other places such as sedge weeds, reduce overwintering eggs. ② Spray 40% Rogaine emulsion 1500 times, or spray 25% of the insecticide double water 250 to 500 times a time, the safety interval of 7 days.