Chinese name: Hypsizigus marmoreus

Latin name: Hypsizigusmarmoreus (Peck) Bigelw

Synonyms: Pleurotus elongatipesPeck

Chinese alias: Shimeji mushroom (Japan)

Taxonomic status: Agaricales, Trichodermaceae, Agaricaceae

Morphological characteristics: Fruiting bodies are medium to large. The diameter of the cap is 3-15cm, the young is flat hemispherical, slightly flattened at the back, slightly convex in the middle, white and light gray-white yellow, smooth surface, water-soaked, with light brown imprinted markings (like marble pattern) in the center. The fungus flesh is white and slightly thick. The gills are white, nearly vertical, dense or slightly sparse, and unequal in length. The stipe is slender and slightly curved, 3-11cm long and 0.5-1cm thick. The surface is white, smooth or has vertical stripes, solid, often clustered and connected or bifurcated at the base. Spore eggs white. Spores are smooth, colorless, broadly elliptical or nearly spherical, 4-5.5μm×3.5-4.2μm.

Ecological habits: From late summer to autumn, it grows in clusters on dead wood and fallen rotten wood of broad-leaved trees.

Distribution areas: Liaoning, Shanxi, etc. (artificial cultivation).

Economic value: Edible. It has been artificially cultivated in Japan and China. The shape is similar to that of Yushengli folding umbrella, but this kind of surface does not show pattern-like markings. There are reports of anti-cancer effects.

The spotted jade mushroom is an excellent edible fungus in the northern temperate zone. Spotted jade mushrooms have a fresher flavor than oyster mushrooms, thicker meat than shiitake mushrooms, tougher texture than shiitake mushrooms, and excellent taste. They also have a unique crab aroma. In Japan, there is a saying that "the fragrance lies in Matsutake mushrooms and the taste lies in jade mushrooms." Since the 1990s, Mr. Zhang Ting of the Institute of Edible Fungi of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences has conducted a lot of exploration into the cultivation of spotted jade mushrooms and achieved success. This is where the name "Crab Flavor Mushroom" comes from. Each 100 grams of edible part contains 92.5 grams of water, 2.1 grams of protein, 0.3 grams of lipids, carbohydrates (3.7 grams of sugar, 0.7 grams of fiber), and 0.7 grams of ash (including 2 mg of calcium, 75 mg of phosphorus, and 1.1 mg of iron). , Vitamin A 1U, Vitamin B1 0.08 mg, Vitamin B2 0.5 mg (can accelerate the metabolism of body fat and has a beauty effect). The protein of spotted jade mushroom contains a complete range of amino acids, including 8 essential amino acids for human body. Among them, the content of lysine and arginine is higher than that of ordinary mushrooms, which plays an important role in increasing the intelligence and height of teenagers. The β-1,3-D glucan extracted from the fruiting body of the spotted mushroom has high anti-tumor activity, and the activity of the polymerase isolated from the spotted mushroom is much higher than that of other mushrooms. Fruiting body hot water extract and organic solvent extract have the effect of scavenging free radicals in the body. Therefore, they have unique effects of preventing constipation, anti-cancer, preventing cancer, improving immunity, preventing aging, and extending lifespan. As a food for mass consumption, it has a long shelf life and is a low-calorie, low-fat health food.

Shikitake mushroom

Open categories: biology, nature, agriculture, edible fungi, agricultural crops

Full name of variety: Shikitake mushroom

Variety Also known as: Pleurotus ostreatus

Theme keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus Edible fungus Also known as the small oyster mushroom, it belongs to the same species as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus lucidum, and Pleurotus florida among the oyster mushrooms. Its scientific name is Pleurotus leucophylla, but it is far from the true mushroom (Jade mushroom). Agaricus has strong stress resistance and adaptability, and a wide range of available cultivation materials. It can be cultivated in the same way as Pleurotus ostreatus. At present, raw material bags are mostly used to grow mushrooms on the wall.

2. Biological Characteristics

The biological characteristics of Agaricus blazei are basically the same as those of Pleurotus ostreatus, except that the fruiting bodies are more abundant and denser. The fruiting humidity and fruiting body differentiation temperature Less demanding. Because the mushroom is harvested earlier, the yield is slightly lower than that of the oyster mushroom, and the relative biological efficiency is mostly 90% to 120%.

3. Key points of cultivation techniques

The cultivation methods and procedures are exactly the same as those of Pleurotus ostreatus. The key to successful cultivation lies in creating environmental conditions for multiple fruiting bodies to occur and differentiate. The specific measures are as follows :

① During the primordia differentiation stage, temperature differences should be created as much as possible to promote the emergence and differentiation of primordia in large numbers to achieve increased population production. The best temperature difference is about 10℃.

② When the primordium begins to differentiate and appears nailhead or coral-shaped, spray water every day and provide adequate ventilation to promote the growth of the young mushrooms. When the young mushrooms grow to about 2 cm long, stop temperature stimulation. Try to keep the temperature between 8 and 15°C, and try not to exceed 15°C, with 8 to 12°C being the best. Under this temperature condition, it can be picked in 2 to 3 days.

③ Pick it in time, otherwise the cap will stretch quickly.

Pleurotus cornucopiae (paul.Pers.) Rolland]

Also known as delicious Pleurotus and Pleurotus purpurea.

Fruiting bodies are medium to large. The diameter of the cap is 5-13cm. It is initially flat and hemispherical. After stretching, the base is concave and smooth. It is lead-grey when young, then gradually turns gray to nearly white, sometimes slightly light brown. The edge is thin and smooth. When young, it is often involute. Wave-like. The fungus flesh is white and slightly thick. The gills are wide, slightly dense, extended and intertwined on the stalk, white to almost white. The stalk is short, flat or lateral, solid inside, smooth, 2-5cm long, 0.6-2.5cm thick, and often connected at the base.

It grows on the trunks of broad-leaved trees in spring and autumn, almost in imbricate-like clusters.

Distributed in Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Guangxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan and other regions.

Pleurotus leucophylla is an artificially cultivated edible fungus. You can buy a pound of it in the market for a few yuan. It tastes delicious and can be used in stir-fry or soup. It can also treat swelling and pain. Some experiments have shown that the inhibition rate of sarcoma in mice is 60-80%, and that of AIDS. The inhibition rate of cancer is 60-70%.