The main manifestations are expression disorders that are more obvious than mental disorders, and the prognosis is better.

1. Localization of damage: Posterior inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere (cortex from the anterior superior frontal lobe to the anterior parietal area, including the insula and the upper edge of the surrounding sylvian cortex).

2． Symptoms

(1) Broca's aphasia (mainly motor aphasia): speech can be understood, not a fluency disorder. Conjunctions and pronouns in speech are reduced or missing (telegraphic style).

1. Impaired functions: fluency, naming, rehearsal, and writing.

2． Complete functionality: spoken and written comprehension.

Usually a late manifestation of stroke

(2) Apraxia of articulation: Coordination disorder of the motor organs involved in articulation, such as breathing (unarticulated articulation), articulation ( dysarthria), affective intonation (aphasia), and subsequent aphonia and mutism.

(3) Mutism: No language, complete understanding, relatively preserved writing, and hemiplegia is common. Commonly seen in the acute stage of stroke.

Sensory aphasia

Inability to understand the meaning of words. It is characterized by fluent speech but inability to understand other people's words. The hearing is normal. The prognosis is poor.

1. Damage location: the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus (the posterior part of the temporal and parietal lobes, the lateral surface of the occipital lobe)

2. Symptoms

(1) Wernick's aphasia (mainly sensory aphasia): fluent and absurd language and dialogue (nonsense, "language salad"). Speech and writing (grammar) forms are relatively preserved, but content and meaning (semantics) are incorrect.

1) Impaired functions: naming, rehearsal, oral and written comprehension

2) Intact functions: fluency

3) Paraphasia: A large number of misspellings and newly coined words are mixed together, which is called gibberish and peculiar language. There are also significant impairments in naming and word-finding. The language is fluent, but it lacks the core content of expression and the comments are empty. Such as phonetic errors (word concept errors, such as "time" confusing "sub-table")

(2) Pure word deafness: auditory comprehension is impaired, while speaking and reading comprehension are relatively preserved. It is more common in cerebrovascular accidents, brain tumors and infections, and the lesions involve unilateral or bilateral temporal lobes.

(3) Alexia with agraphia: Reading comprehension and writing are impaired, while spoken language is less affected and the prognosis is better.

Conduction aphasia

In terms of expression, spontaneous speech is fluent, but it is characterized by multiple phonemic paraphasia disorders. , repetition, spontaneous verbal naming, and word reading all showed paraphasia. Good understanding of both text and sounds. The prognosis is generally good

1. Damage site: left temporal lobe or upper parietal lobe (possibly damage to the connection fibers between the front and back language areas).

2． Symptoms: Obvious retelling disorder, language and understanding are relatively preserved to varying degrees [3].

Complete aphasia (also called global aphasia)

1. Injury site: Larger damage involves multiple gyri in the left hemisphere

2. Symptoms: Severe damage to all aspects of language function, no language, and loss of understanding.

Naming aphasia

The prominent feature is that there is obvious difficulty in finding words in spontaneous speech and when naming visual objects, but the speech is relatively fluent.

1. Damage site: Common lesions are located in the middle temporal gyrus and angular gyrus, with localized damage, such as Alzheimer's disease.

2． Symptoms: Difficulty naming objects, literal or semantic errors.

Thalamic aphasia