Qi Baishi (1864-1957), Hunan Xiangtan people, the twentieth century master of Chinese painting art, the twentieth century, one of the top ten calligraphers, painters, world cultural celebrities.
Painter's life
Qi Baishi was born on New Year's Day in 1864 (Qing dynasty Tongzhi two years of dibutyl sebacate November 22) in Xiangtan County, Xiangtan County, white store apricot dock, died on September 16, 1957 (Ding You year August 23) in Beijing, the final year of 94 years old. Clan assigned the name of pure Zhi, nicknamed Azhi, name Juan, the word Weiqing, the number of lanting, endangered life, alias white stone mountain man, so the name of qi bai shi in the world; and have qi dai, wooden people, wood dweller, red bean student, the old house in xingtang descendants, borrowed from the mountain weng, borrowed from the mountain gin pavilion masters, send the garden, ping weng, send ping hall masters, dragon mountain president, three hundred stone print rich man, a hundred trees pear masters, etc. A large number of pen names and self-title.
Qi Baishi's family was poor, he studied for one year when he was young, and he studied and practiced painting while he was herding cows and chopping wood. 1877 he was apprenticed as a carpenter, and in the following year he changed to study carving carpentry, and he copied the "Biography of Mustard Seed Garden Paintings", and he used to carve new samples according to this. 1888 he started to study painting and he was president of the Longshan Poetry Society, and he changed to study painting and painting at the age of twenty-six in 1890, and then he learned painting and writing from Xiao Hsiao Hsiang Hsiang, and Wen Shaoke, and at the age of twenty-seven, he began to learn poetry and calligraphy from Hu Qinyuan and Chen Shaofan. At the age of twenty-seven, he began to learn poetry and painting from Hu Qinyuan and Chen Shaofan. At the age of thirty-seven, he studied under the tutelage of Wang Loosen Yun, a scholar, and successively became the mentor and friend of Wang Zhongyin, Lai Songan, and Yang Du, etc. Qi Baishi was born and raised in his hometown. In his hometown, Qi Baishi lived in his birthplace, Xingdou Pond, Meigong Ancestral Hall, and Ru Jiachong Yiping Hall. Since the age of forty, he left his hometown to travel, five out of five, traveling throughout Shaanxi, Henan, Beijing, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Guangdong, etc. He visited famous mountains and rivers and made friends with celebrities of the world, such as Fan Fanshan, Xia Wuyi, and Guo Baosun, etc. He was a close friend. His style of painting changed from painting to writing, his calligraphy changed from He Shaoji to Weibi, and his seal carving changed from Ding and Huang to Zhao Zhiqian. At the age of fifty-five, he took refuge in the north and settled in Beijing two years later. At that time, he worked with Chen Shizeng, Xu Beihong, Luo Zhaogong and Lin Fengmian.
In 1926, Qi Baishi became honorary professor of the National Beiping Art College, honorary president of the Beiping Art Writers' Association, honorary professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, research librarian of the Central Museum of Literature and History, director of the Chinese People's Association for Foreign Culture, honorary president of the Chinese Painting Academy, president of the Beijing Chinese Painting Research Society, and president of the National Artists' Association. In July 1949 and September 1953, he attended the Congress of All-China Literary and Art Workers and was elected as a member of the National Federation of Literature and Art; in August 1954, he was elected as a delegate to the First National People's Congress; he had a deep friendship with Chairman Mao Zedong and was received by him; in January 1953, the Ministry of Culture conferred on him the honorary certificate and the title of "People's Artist"; in December 1955 In December 1955, the German Academy of Arts and Sciences awarded him the Certificate of Honor of Corresponding Academician; in April 1956, the World Peace Council awarded him the 1955 International Peace Prize, and the awarding ceremony was held in September; in 1963, he was elected by the World Peace Council as a World Cultural Celebrity. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he said that he would not sell his paintings to the government, and in 1946 he resumed his career as a painter and printer, and in the same year he went to Nanjing and Shanghai to hold solo exhibitions, and became an honorary professor of the Beiping Art College. He is the author of Borrowing the Mountain Ginguan Poetry and Grass, Baishi Poetry and Grass, Baishi Printing and Grass, and Autobiography of the Elder Baishi, among others. He has published nearly a hundred collections of paintings, including The Complete Works of Qi Baishi. At the age of seventy-four, he traveled to Shu and met with Huang Binhong and Jin Songcen.
Art style and advocate
Qi Baishi advocates art "between the wonderful and not like"; the decline of change, painting master Xu Wei, Zhu Da, Shi Tao, Wu Changshuo, etc., to form a unique style of Chinese painting in large capitals, the opening of the school of safflower and ink leaves, especially fruits and vegetables, flowers, birds, insects and fish for the work of the best, and figures, landscape, and the famous for a while, and Wu Changshuo, and the world's most famous painting artist. He was famous for a while, enjoying the reputation of "Southern Wu and Northern Qi" with Wu Changshuo***; he reached the highest peak of modern Chinese flower and bird painting by integrating his pure folk art style with the traditional literati painting style. His seal carvings were initially modeled on those of Ding Jing and Huang Xiaosong, then on Hugh Moss Zhao, and then on Han seals; see Sacrifice to the Three Dukes of the Mountain Stele and Tianfa Divine Prophecy Stele, where his seal carvings changed again and again, and his style of sealing became more and more ambitious and unrestrained, making him a representative of the period of transition in the style of seal carving in the modern era. His calligraphy has been widely practiced on stepping stones and posters, and he has been a disciple of He Shaoji, Li Beihai, Jin Dongxin, and Zheng Banqiao, and he is especially good at seal script and running script. His poems are not seeking for workmanship, and he has no intention to learn from the Tang and Song dynasties, but to follow the natural method and write with a unique spirit. His paintings, seals, calligraphy and poets are known as the four masterpieces. He was a hard-working artist, a self-made man, with a high moral character, especially with a sense of national integrity. He left behind more than 30,000 paintings, more than 3,000 poems, self-description and other manuscripts and handwriting in many volumes. His works have been printed again and again in various forms.
Artistic Characteristics of Qi Baishi's Works
Qi Baishi was greatly influenced by Chen Shizeng in the art of painting, and at the same time he drew on the strengths of Wu Changshuo. He specialized in painting birds and flowers, with a sound brush and full ink, and a strong force. But the painting of insects is meticulous, extremely fine. He also respected Xu Wei, Zhu Da, Shitao and Jinnong. Especially shrimps and crabs, cicadas, butterflies, fish, birds, ink and water, overflowing with the vibrant atmosphere of nature. Landscape compositions are strange and not old-fashioned, rich in creative spirit, seal carving is unique, calligraphy is outstanding, and become a great man. Qi Baishi's paintings, against unrealistic fantasy, he often pay attention to the characteristics of flowers, birds, insects, fish, and try to understand their spirit. He once said, "Write for all the insects, open the god for all the birds, and draw your own face. His inscription is very witty and clever, he drew two chicks fighting over a small insect, the title said; "other day call each other". A "Cotton Picture" is titled: "Flowers bloom in the world's warmth, flowers fall in the world's cold". A picture of an undefeated man is titled: "Autumn fan shaking both sides white, official robe Chuchu through the body black."
Qi Baishi works of the market
Qi Baishi life creation diligently, painting very much, a day without painting panic, five days without engraving itchy hands, creation of more amazing, surprisingly good, only in 1953 a year, the size of the works of more than 600. 1922, Chen Shizeng Qi Baishi's paintings were introduced to Tokyo, to participate in the Sino-Japanese Federation of Painting Exhibition, the results of the great popularity. All sold at a high price, but at that time in the domestic price of his paintings is very low. 20 years, Qi Baishi get Xu Beihong's promotion, works are gradually recognized by collectors, the price steadily increased. Now, the domestic primary market has been difficult to see qi baishi works for public sale, painting and calligraphy store to see his real works will be purchased at a high price, and the price of the sale is rarely seen. In Hong Kong and New York market, the annual auction of qi baishi works, he is the most works were auctioned modern painters. In the Hong Kong market, his most recent prices were around HK$300,000-1,000,000, with the higher price being set in 1989 at HK$1,200,000 In the domestic auction market, Qi Baishi fetches the highest price, with the highest record being an album of landscapes auctioned by Guardian Auction Company at 5.17 million yuan. Later, the Guardian engaged in a special auction of Qi Baishi works, although the effect is better, but since then the price of Qi Baishi works has been in a lower state.
Two or three things in life
Anti-Japanese War period, Beiping pseudo-police commander, big secret agent Xuan Tieguo birthday, hard to invite the master of Chinese painting Qi Baishi (1863-1957) to a banquet painting. Qi Baishi came to the banquet, looked around the room full of guests, a little thought, spread the paper waving. In the blink of an eye, an ink crab jumped onto the paper. The crowd was full of praise, Xuan Tiegu was overjoyed. Unexpectedly, qi baishi brush lightly wave, in the painting on the inscription of a line of words - "horizontal to how long", after the book "General Tiegu", and then tilted his head and whisked his sleeve away.
A traitor begged to paint, Qi Baishi painted a painted white nose, head wearing a black hat, also inscribed a poem: white fan, just like the official, not down the original mud half of the group, will makeup suddenly come to break, where is the heart of the body ...?
In 1937, the Japanese invasion forces occupied Beiping. Qi Baishi in order not to be used by the enemy, adhere to the closed door, and posted a notice at the door, on the book: "Chinese and foreign officials want to buy Baishi's paintings, on behalf of the people can be carried out, do not have to drive to the door, never official never in the people's home, the official into the people's home, the master is not favorable, I would like to tell you that, I am sorry not to receive." Qi Baishi is not enough, and drew a picture to show his heart. The picture is very special, general people paint sad cui, let it stand on the stone or lotus path, peeping at the fish on the water surface; Qi Baishi is an anomaly, do not go to the sturgeon painted on the water surface, but the painting of shrimp in the deep water, and in the painting on the inscription: "never paint sad cui must paint fish, Yu only painting shrimp, shrimp do not float, sad cui nai how? "
Qi Baishi closed the door, self-referring to the shrimp, and the official traitors and people in the day than Pei Cui, the meaning of the deep, thought-provoking.Qi Baishi more than 70 years old, said to people: I just realized that I can not paint. People unanimously praised the old man's humility. The old painter said, I really can't paint. People praised more and more, but of course no one believed what he said.
Qi Baishi's View of Teaching
Lu Translation Yuan
Baishi had an important theory of painting: "The beauty of painting lies in the difference between resemblance and non-resemblance; too much resemblance is flattering to the vulgar, and non-resemblance is deceiving to the world." But the old man of white stone on children, disciples, students of different styles, strict and wide with other teaching methods, we lack a certain understanding and awareness. September 16 this year, is the 50th anniversary of the death of the old man Baishi, this paper on the old man's children, disciples, students of different teaching methods to talk about a little superficial understanding, with everyone **** encouragement.
Whitehead old man has taught many students in his life. Both social celebrities, but also ordinary people's children. How many disciples, students, I'm afraid no one can say accurately. In China's recent and modern history of painting and calligraphy, some of the achievements of calligraphy and painting masters, more than with the old man has a direct or indirect connection.
Learning art disciplines, is very important teacher relationship. No matter which discipline, can meet a good teacher, can be said to be lucky. Painting is the same, need a famous teacher to support, guide and instruct. Of course, scholars should utilize their creativity on the basis of mastering the basic skills. Everything can not be separated from the individual's efforts, the sky rewards hard work is this truth.
Baishi old man knows a lot about psychology, ethics and sociology, and is very good at mobilizing the enthusiasm of scholars. People have curiosity and vanity, if there is no curiosity and vanity, there will be no motivation. Most of Whitehead's old man's comments on the teaching and works of his disciples and students are words of relief and motivation. Painting, living, being ......
The old man often compares the disciples, students and himself, all through the old man a kind of kindness and generosity, tolerance and equality of noble sentiments. This kind of friend-like, brotherly teacher-student relationship is the old man like a father's love for the disciples, students of a responsibility, a kind of expectation.
However, the white stone old man in the treatment of children's painting learning, but with the disciples, students take a very different approach. We from the white stone old man to the children of some of the works in the comments, but it is difficult to see praise, praise language. A "to get", "have the ability to learn", even if it is the highest rating. Even in the seal carving seals given by the old man to his children, most of them are name seals or seals such as "descendant of Baishi", "Baishi's first son", "the gate of the master craftsman" and so on. On this issue, I have specially to qi liang late teacher for advice. He said: "My father felt that the disciples, students are, after all, guests of the family, a trip is not easy. Therefore, it is very important to stimulate their desire to learn and enhance their interest in painting. If they have the motivation to learn, they can benefit for a lifetime. And the children, after all, is the family, and parents spend time together, learning conditions are much better. The same thing, depending on the time, place and object, to achieve good results, you should take different methods."
I am reminded of the time when Qi Liangchi asked his father, the old man Baishi, to give him the name of his study. At that time, Mr. Qi Liangchi had long since graduated from Fu Jen University in Beijing and was making a name for himself in poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. One day, he begged Bai Shi to give him a name, saying, "Dad, your name is 'Send Ping Hall', what is the best name for me?" Bai Shi looked at Liang Chi Si Zi, smiled and said: "That's good, give you also a title, title what word?" Elder Whitehead thought for a while and then said: "You, let's call it 'Mending Reading Zhai'. You read too little, but also need to make up reading ah!" Mr. Liang Chi was very disappointed when he heard this. He thought to himself, "Why do you call it that? I have read a lot of books, how to "make up for reading" it, see the white stone old man to him just wrote "make up for reading fast" banner, mouth does not say anything, took it back to their own house, never hung, feel too lose face. After Mr. Liang Chi was seventy years old, he made a joke out of this "disgraceful" thing. He said: "people to this age, more and more feel the thirst for 'remedial reading', but also more and more feel my father Baishi old man's good intentions ......"
Baishi The old man in the treatment of children and disciples, students, although different ways of nurturing talent, but the purpose is the same. It is to hope that the younger generation will soon become successful and spread their wings to fly ......