The grade of cognac is directly related to the storage life of original wine in oak barrels. Cognac is divided into many grades, from low to high, it is VS grade (aged below 4.5 years), VSOP grade (aged between 4.5 and 6.5 years), XO grade (aged above 6.5 years), and super grade. The longer the storage time, the better the quality and the higher the price.
Whisky is very famous in Scotland. The brands sold in Chinese mainland include red label c/.6 "and black label produced in johnnie walker and glendronach single barrel series, Chivas Royal Salute produced by Chivas Company, twelve-year aging produced by ballantine Company and ballantine, etc. These scotch whiskies.
There are tens of thousands of kinds of wine in the world, and the alcohol content of raw materials and wine is also very different. In order to make it easier to understand and remember, people classify it in different ways. According to the classification of raw materials, wine can be roughly divided into seven categories: grain wine, spice and herbal wine, fruit wine, milk and egg wine, plant pulp wine, honey wine and mixed wine. If divided by drinking time, there are differences between aperitif, table wine, after-dinner wine and special wine; If the alcohol content is different, there are low, medium and high alcohol categories.
Knowledge of French brandy
Brandy is a kind of spirit, which is distilled from wine or fruit after fermentation, but it must be aged in wooden barrels for a long time. Brandy is produced all over the world, and the wine made in France is the best, so French brandy is also the best, among which cognac is particularly famous in the world. All cognac is brandy, but not all cognac is brandy. Cognac is distilled from wine produced in Charente, France, and is restricted and guaranteed by law. Brandy distilled from wine produced in other places cannot be called cognac legally. Cognac is located in the ancient city of Cognac on the Charente River in France, which is the center of producing Cognac wine. This kind of brandy is very famous in the world, so the French word COGNAC is known by almost everyone in the world. Even China is no exception.
Cognac is divided into six districts, and the quality of wine produced is also high and low, which are arranged as follows:
1. Big champagne, big champagne.
⒉PETITE champagne small champagne area
[13] 13. Borders edge zone
4. Finsbos planting forest area
5.Bonsbois advanced planting forest area
⒍BOIS common planting area
All brandy distilleries use letters to distinguish quality, as follows:
E stands for special
(special)
F stands for good
(good)
V stands for extraordinary
(good)
O stands for old
(old)
S stands for superiority
(good)
P stands for pallor
(pale and old)
X stands for extra charge.
(unusual)
The quality of cognac is superior to other brandies, not only because of the special distillation technology in this area, but also because the soil and weather in this area are very good, so the grapes produced are particularly good.
The French government has very strict regulations, and wine merchants cannot call themselves at will. To sum up, there are the following categories:
Samsung cognac: the storage period is not less than two years.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) S.O.P cognac: the storage period is not less than four years.
Napoleon cognac: the storage period is not less than six years.
X.o. cognac: the storage period is more than eight years.
How many years is cognac good? A clever drinker said that the best age of cognac is similar to that of women, about 25 to 40 years old, and wine tasting experts agree with this statement. After more than fifty years, all the water in the wine evaporated.
Armagnac's Armagnac is second only to Koenig's brandy, which is produced in Armagnac of GERS in the southeast of Bordeaux. The grapes used, such as cognac, are from Saint Emilion and Foer Blanchais. The main difference between cognac and Armagnac lies in the distillation process. The first distillation and the second distillation of the former are carried out continuously, while the latter is carried out separately. Another difference is that the barrel of the former is Limousin oak and the latter is black oak. Some people prefer Armagnac to drinking cognac, because the former tastes stronger than the latter. This, of course, is only a personal taste habit.
# MARC This brandy is distilled from the grape residue left after brewing. In France, this wine is called EAU DEⅵE DE MARC, so the mbth of this wine is MARC, but the last letter is silent. It is produced all over France, but Burgundy is the best. It is rich in the smell of straw and wood and is often favored by restaurants.
# The use of brandy is not only recognized as having medical functions, but all brandy is distilled from fruit wine (mainly wine), so it can be used as after-dinner wine. In addition, comb water can be used as any leisure drink. You'd better add some brandy to your coffee.
Because brandy has a strong fragrance, when making candy, pudding, cake and ice cream, adding a little can increase the taste, and all brandy can be blended into various drinks.
Courvoisier VSOP
Hennessy VSOP
Martell blue ribbon
Gold Martell
Martell
Deputy director of Martell
Remy Martin XO
Remy Martin Louis XIII
Remy Martin
Remy martin VSOP
Whiskey knowledge
Many countries and regions in the world have wineries that produce whisky. But the most famous and representative whiskies are Scotch Whiskey, American Whiskey and Canadian Whiskey. Whiskey is made from barley, rye, corn and other grains through fermentation, distillation and fermentation in old barrels.
* Scotch whisky: originally from Scotland, it is made of dried barley malt with unique flavor produced by peat fumigation. Its brewing goes through six procedures, namely, soaking barley to germinate, drying, crushing malt, adding water to saccharify, adding yeast to ferment, distilling twice, aging and mixing. It must be stored for at least 8 years, and 15 ~ 20 years is the best quality finished wine. After more than 20 years, the quality will decline, and the color will be brown, yellow and reddish, clear and bright, with a strong smell of smoke.
* American whiskey: made from corn and other grains, it originated in the southern United States. Corn and wheat are used as brewing raw materials, which are fermented, distilled and brewed in oak barrels with internal carbonization for 4-8 years. When bottling, add a certain amount of distilled water to dilute. American whisky is not as strong as scotch whisky, but it has a unique oak flavor.
* Canadian whisky: mainly made of rye, corn and barley, it was distilled twice and stored in wooden barrels for 4 years, 6 years, 7 years and 65,438+00 years. Blending should be carried out before sale. Canadian whisky smells fresh and tastes light and comfortable. Many North Americans like this wine.
Glendona 15 whisky
Chivas regal 12 whisky
Jack Daniels's
Jim Beam
Canadian club whisky
VO 75cl in West Gramm, VO in Gramm, Scotland.
Scotch whisky
Bai ling tan te chun
Jin Xi Bai ling tan
Chivas regal 12
"short shirt"
Tianbao 15 years
Witch whisky
Granfidi R.
Grant's
black
Langfang
red
monarch
Passport whisky
Chivas regal salute
Jin Jiu knowledge
Many countries and regions in the world have wineries that produce whisky. But the most famous and representative whisky gin is also called gin, which was first produced in the Netherlands and became famous in the world after mass production in Britain. It is the largest kind of spirits in the world.
Dutch gin is made from barley malt and rye. After fermentation, the grain wine was obtained by distillation for three times, and then the juniper spice was added and distilled. Finally, the distilled liquor is stored in a glass jar until it is mature, and when it is packaged, it is diluted to about 40 degrees, and the color of Dutch gin is transparent and clear. Outstanding aroma, unique style, suitable for single drink, not suitable for cocktail base wine.
The production process of English gin is simpler than that of Dutch gin. It is distilled from edible alcohol, juniper and other spices-dry gin is colorless and transparent, with a strange smell and a mellow and refreshing taste. It can be drunk alone or mixed with other wines to make cocktail base wine. Therefore, some people call gin the heart of cocktails.
According to taste style, gin can be divided into spicy gin, old Tom gin and fruity gin.
Add Li Jin
Bidafujin
Gordon king
Rich knowledge
Rum, also known as sugar liquor, is a by-product of sugar industry. It is made of sucrose, first made into molasses, then fermented, distilled and stored in oak barrels for more than 3 years.
According to different raw materials and different brewing methods, rum can be divided into: rum liquor, rum old liquor, light rum, rum regular liquor, rum with strong aroma and alcohol content of 42% ~ 50%, amber, brown and colorless liquor. According to the flavor characteristics, rum can be divided into: Luzhou-flavor, light-flavor,
* Luzhou-flavor: sugarcane sugar was clarified first, then inoculated with butyric acid-producing bacteria and alcohol-producing yeast, fermented for more than 10 days, and distilled in batch tanks to obtain about 86% colorless original rum, which was blended into golden yellow or light brown finished wine after being stored in wooden barrels for many years.
* Light fragrance type: only yeast is added to sugarcane sugar, and the fermentation cycle is short. Tower continuous distillation produces 95% of the original wine, which is stored and blended into light yellow to golden yellow finished wine, represented by Cuban rum.
Murata (Mulan Tan, mixed-race girl)
Bai Jia won the gold medal.
Bacardi Rum
Captain Morgan Lang (black)
Captain Morgan Rum (White)
mount gay rum
Meiya poetry
Vodka knowledge
Vodka (vodka)
Vodka comes from the Russian word "water of life", in which the pronunciation of "water" is "Voda", which has been a traditional distilled liquor in Russia since the 4th century. But in Poland, there are also records of drinking vodka earlier.
Vodka takes grains or potatoes as raw materials. After distillation, the alcohol reaches 95%, then diluted to 40-60% with distilled water, and filtered by activated carbon, so that the quality of vodka is more crystal clear, colorless, light and refreshing, which makes people feel neither sweet nor bitter, and only has flame-like stimulation, forming the unique characteristics of vodka. Therefore, vodka is the most flexible, adaptable and elastic wine among various base wines of cocktails.
Russia is the main country producing vodka, but Germany, Finland, Poland, the United States, Japan and other countries can also brew high-quality vodka. Especially at the beginning of World War II, the technology of making vodka in Russia spread to the United States, making the United States one of the big countries producing vodka.
Vodka is divided into two categories, one is colorless and tasteless vodka; The other is vodka flavored with various spices. Vodka is made by putting malt into rye, barley, wheat, corn and other grains or potatoes, saccharifying, then distilling in a continuous distiller to make distilled liquor with an alcohol content of over 75%, and then slowly passing the distilled liquor through birch charcoal layer, and the finished product is colorless. This vodka is the most tasteless of all liquors.
absolute
Finlandia Vodka
Smirnoff vodka
Storey kenaya vodka
Tequila wine knowledge
Tequila)-produced in Mexico, its raw material is a precious plant called agave (not aloe). In fact, it belongs to cactus, which is a succulent plant that is afraid of cold. Only after 10 years of cultivation can it be brewed.
The production method of tequila is also different from other distilled spirits. After 65,438+00 years of cultivation, the root of agave will form a large pineapple-shaped stem block. Cut off all the leaves, and put the stem block containing sweet juice into a special saccharifying pot to cook for about 12 hours. After the saccharification process is completed, the juice is injected into the fermentation tank, and yeast and part of the last fermented juice are added. Sometimes, in order to supplement sugar, you have to add the right amount of sugar. After fermentation, the fermented juice is distilled twice in a distiller, except that a part of the fermented juice is used as the component of the next fermentation. After 1 distillation, a liquid with an alcohol content of about 25% will be obtained. In the second distillation, after removing the first distillation and the last distillation, the directly drinkable wine with an alcohol content of about 55% will be obtained. Although distilled twice, the alcohol content of liquor is still relatively low, so there are many raw materials and ingredients in the fermentation process, which makes the flavor of tequila play incisively and vividly. Like vodka, tequila is filtered by activated carbon to remove the invoice quality after the distillation process is completed. At this point, the definition of tequila is clear.
The alcohol content of tequila is mostly between 35% and 55%. We can usually see colorless tequila instead of aged tequila. Golden tequila has a short aging time, and it is called old tequila when it is aged in wooden barrels for 1- 15 years.