The contents of the Dragon Boat Festival handwritten newspaper are complete.
Catalogue of Dragon Boat Festival Manuscripts II
Contents of Dragon Boat Festival Manuscript III
Contents of Manuscript IV of Dragon Boat Festival
Contents of the Dragon Boat Festival manuscript five
Contents of Dragon Boat Festival Manuscript 6
The Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty is similar to other festivals. As usual, the emperor rewarded his ministers to show his affection. The most common gift is a fan in summer. "Tang Yao Hui" records: In the 18th year of Zhenguan (AD 644), on May 5th, Emperor Taizong wrote an inscription? Hey? 、? Phoenix? 、? Butterfly? 、? Dragon? The same is true for fans. Emperor Taizong always loved calligraphy and often discussed the art of calligraphy with Chu Suiliang, a great calligrapher. After his death, he will also bury the original preface to Lanting written by Wang Xizhi with Zhaoling. Tang Taizong's own calligraphy is also quite accomplished. The words inscribed by Yu Bi all adopt the artistic technique of the book, and the brushwork is wonderful. Youlong walks the snake. Emperor Taizong said to Stuart Sun Chang and Minister of Military Aircraft Yang Shidao. It is an old custom in May that you must play with clothes and congratulate each other. Today, I gave you two flying white fans. ? So I gave my favorite minister a fan. According to the Book of Rites of the New Tang Dynasty, during the Tianbao period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, a clothing fan was often placed in the tomb on May 5 to worship the ancestors. There was also the custom of giving clothes and belts in the Tang Dynasty. China's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times said: During the Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty, civil servants got black tortoise shells and military officers got black silver belts. According to Li Yuanping Old Tang Book, Li Yuanping was very lucky to get a purple suit goldfish on May 5th. In addition to sending a jade belt to a treasure fan, I also sent a hundred zongzi.
Tang Xuanzong's Dragon Boat Festival entertainment is very unique. According to "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao", during the Dragon Boat Festival in the palace, dumplings were put on the plate, and then they were shot on the plate with a slender small horn bow for those who hit them to eat. Because the pink ball is greasy and small, it is difficult to shoot. This is a court game, which was later spread all over Chang 'an and imitated for some time. Shooting pink balls has become the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. As a game, it's acceptable to fight, but it's hard to say what Tang Xuanzong did during the Dragon Boat Festival on May 5th. One year during the Dragon Boat Festival, he and Yang Guifei spent the summer in Xingqing Palace and slept in the water temple in Chi Pan. A group of palace concubines leaned against the fence to watch the game of male and female mandarin ducks in the water, while Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty held the imperial concubine in his arms and said to the palace concubines. You love Yuanyang in the water and fight for me like a bottom Yuanyang! ? From this, we can also see the other side of the customs of court holiday life.
Rong Zhai notes:? On May 5th, Tang Dynasty, Yangzhou cast a mirror in the middle of the river, so my country wrote a Dragon Boat Festival sticker in Hanyuan. ? Referring to other relevant materials, the Tang court did pay attention to casting new mirrors on May 5th. "Dragon in the Mirror" records that in the third year of Tang Tianbao (AD 744), Yangzhou was in the mirror. The mirror diameter is nine inches, green and dazzling, and there are dragon patterns on the back of the mirror. According to Li Shoutai, an official who entered the mirror, when casting this mirror, an old man who claimed to be a dragon said to Lu Hui, a mirror caster. The old man made a real dragon mirror. ? The old man went into the stove and stayed there for three days. Then he turned on the stove, and suddenly there was no one. Instead, I got a plain silk in front of the stove and wrote: Panlong Panlong, hidden in the mirror. Time-sharing has images, and the changes are endless. Clouds blow, fog blows, and rain blows. ? After seeing it, Lu Hui moved the furnace to the center of the Yangtze River and cast this precious mirror on May 5. It is said that this mirror is magical. During the seven-year drought, Taoist Ye Fashan was called to worship the mirror. The dragon mouth on the back of the mirror suddenly turned white, and the hall was full of rain in an instant. This is a fairy tale, and whether the mirror cast in the heart of the Yangtze River on May 5th is magical or not, the Tang Dynasty did pay attention to it.
The folk activities of the Dragon Boat Festival in the Tang Dynasty are similar to those of the previous generation. Like Youyang Za, it is recorded like this:? Northern women enter the five-hour chart, and the fifth day is five hours, which is put on the account. It's the day when the long life wisp turns into a knot, which is all brought by the portrait. ? Longevity wisp, but the production is different, and it is more decorative to form a human form with silk wisp. The five-hour map is the predecessor of the five poisonous snakes, bats, toads and lizards, and this custom has always influenced the Ming and Qing dynasties. The flowers in the afternoon are pomegranate flowers, and May is the time when pomegranate flowers are in full bloom. In the Tang Dynasty, corn jiaozi was also renovated. "Wenchang Zalu" records: On the fifth day of the Tang Dynasty, there were 100 zongzi and nine zongzi. ? Is it in Tang Xuanzong's poem "Three Great Hall Banquets during the Dragon Boat Festival"? The acupoints are full of aura, the filaments are fascinating, the four seasons are ingenious, and nine jiaozi innovations are made. ? ,? Baisuo zongzi? It was also food given to his officials by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
The dragon boat race in the Tang Dynasty is especially worth a visit. During the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, the economy was prosperous and people's lives were relatively stable. In terms of festivals and entertainment, on the one hand, there is an upward trend, on the other hand, some folk customs and activities have also been supported by the government. So the wind of racing is particularly strong. Zhang said that the poem Yue Zhou Guan described the horse racing scene at that time. Painting flying boat, the two compete with each other. The color of the low-lying mountains changes and the spray floats. Drumming the South Lake, bidding for the West Post Building, driving at a high speed, not afraid of the sun. ? During the dragon boat race, the flute played an ancient ritual movement, and the boatman sang a passionate boat song. Music, songs, paddles and water waves combine to form a magnificent symphony. As written in Chu Guangxi's poem "Official Zhuang Chi Official Competition":? As the sun sets, the flute is playing, the water in the pool is clear, boats are fighting for the ferry, and waves are blowing from the shore. ? Zhang Jianfeng's Song of Dragon Boat Race is the most vivid description of the dragon boat race in Tang Dynasty. After reading it, it's like being there.
After the Dragon Boat Festival in the Song Dynasty, many customs of the Dragon Boat Festival have changed. During the Han and Wei Dynasties, Zhu Suo and Tao Yin were applied to portals to ward off evil spirits, while in the Song Dynasty, Shi Tian symbols were attached. Chen's Guang Ji at the Age of Years quoted Miscellaneous Notes at the Age of Years. On the Dragon Boat Festival, people will paint statues of Shi Tian for sale. ? There is also a clay sculpture of Zhang Tianshi, with Ai as the head and garlic as the fist, which is placed on the portal. Is it in Su's poem "Yellow Dragon Boat Festival Post"? Cure too much to offer ai, and the fog is long around Yaomu door. ? Hanging a statue of a celestial being and being a clay celestial being are obviously influenced by Taoism. In addition, during the Dragon Boat Festival, cattail sticks are carved into human or gourd shapes and carried around to ward off evil spirits. Wang Zeng's "Dragon Boat Festival Post" poem goes:? The Ming dynasty knew it was the Mid-Autumn Festival, so it was necessary to carve calamus to ward off evil spirits! ? Children use mussel powder wrapped in silk, which is filled with cotton wool to absorb sweat. Zongzi, which is often eaten during the Dragon Boat Festival, has also increased its variety, including horn zongzi, awl zongzi, long zongzi, bucket zongzi, weighing zongzi and Jiuzi Zongzi. From May 1 day, every household should prepare jiaozi, hollyhock, willow branches, apricots, seeds, forest traps, seals and other things, and the Dragon Boat Festival will also offer sacrifices to heaven. Is there another food? Baicao? It is made of calamus, ginger, apricot, plum and perilla, all of which are made into filaments and soaked in the sun with salt or with sugar and honey. The workmanship is very exquisite. Some are also contained in the skin of plums, called. Stuffed plums? . The white powder regiment in the Tang Dynasty also developed in the Song Dynasty. Water mass? Or? White ball? Some are mixed with five colors to make the shapes of adults, animals and flowers. Who performs best at work? Drop powder? In order to enhance its fragrance, some also add musk. These are the best foods for the Dragon Boat Festival.
"Meng Lianglu" records: In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangdu custom, from the first day to the end of the day, every family buys peaches, willows, sunflowers, durians, cattail leaves and knives, which are integrated with the city, with zongzi, five-color water polo, seasonal fruits and five-color plague paper as the door support. ? During the Dragon Boat Festival, daily necessities vendors peddle along the street from overnight to even, and there is an endless stream in the street. Some people's lintels are hung with statues of Tianshi tied with wormwood and grass, while others are hung with tiger heads. And the butler still writes in red ink? On May 5th, Mid-Autumn Festival, all the red mouths and white tongues were eliminated? Sentence. On this day, everyone collects herbs or prepares medicines to avoid the plague. Hangzhou people have special customs. Regardless of the size of the family, incense is burned in the afternoon in January (that is, incense is burned at noon). Especially during the Dragon Boat Festival, sunflowers and pomegranates are in full bloom, gardenias and wormwood are fragrant, corn is covered with gold, and calamus is cut with jade to reward the beautiful scenery. Not only the rich and the rich, but also the poor have fun.
As for the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was a world of drunken dreams. For example, the story of the year of Gan Chun describes the custom in the Dragon Boat Festival Palace, in which food plates are inserted and Ai Hu in Shi Tian is set, and dozens of Zi Shan are made of five-colored calamus and herbs. The river has three floors, decorated with bamboo, sunflower, pomegranate and wormwood. . Cleverly make molasses rhyme fruit, molasses jiaozi, which is extremely exquisite. Dozens of golden vases were also used, with sunflower and gardenia everywhere around the temple pavilion. The items given to empresses, courtiers and courtiers in each courtyard include green leaves, sunflower seeds, gold pendant fans, pearls, baisuo, hairpin, tube, sachet, soft incense dragon saliva, purple exercise, kudzu vine, banana and so on. Other ministers should also give gifts to Sig Luo Xiang, Pu Si, Ai Ye, Cai Tuan and Qiao Zong. Can you see the extravagance of the Dragon Boat Festival at that time, and the original one? Evil? And then what? Commemoration? The meaning is far from it.
During the Dragon Boat Festival in Ming and Qing Dynasties, although the form of the custom activities of the Dragon Boat Festival has not changed much, the scale has become more and more popular. Especially the dragon boat race in the south has become a sensational event. According to Wuling Dragon Boat Race, dragon boat race is not limited to one day of Dragon Boat Festival. But? Sail on April 8th, launch on May 1 Nisshin, race on May 5th, 10, 15, and deliver the bid on May 8th? . What else is there? May 17, more than 80 ships, 27,8 bidders? . It can be seen that the scale of this game lasted for several months. About this? Or the government bans first and then runs, and the people's feelings first drum up and then stop. ? Dragon boat shape, 9.5 feet long in the middle, 11 feet long for the elderly and 7.5 feet short. The radial boatmen rowing dragon boats are strictly selected from fishermen to recruit strong athletes. Dragon boats are divided into white dragon, yellow dragon, green dragon and red dragon. Not only the hull, the decoration of the flag and umbrella, but also the clothes of the rowers and even the paddles are the same color. During the competition, there is a dragon stadium, a competition route, a starting point and a finishing point. There is a boat sign at the finish line. When the dragon boat race reaches the end, the bidding boat will throw the bid into the water for each boat to compete for. Standards are divided into fish label, duck label and iron label.
As mentioned earlier, the boat race in Yuanxiang area of Wuling is characterized by its huge momentum, numerous boat people and rough and heroic style. The dragon boat race in Hangzhou West Lake is very distinctive. What is the custom in Wu called dragon boat racing? Dragon boat? . Lu record:? Dragon Boat, Tuo and Xu gates, facing the west road from north to south. Each has its own color, its four corners are square, and flags are hung. ? However, there are many other stresses on the modeling and rowing of the West Lake Dragon Boat. In the dragon boat, there is a trumpeter in the cabin, drawing sixteen on both sides, commonly known as man-made? Rower? ; At the bow, there is a boatswain standing at the bow with a long hook in his hand. What is his name? What is the booth? ; On the top of the pavilion, we should also choose dignified and beautiful children to dress up the story of Taige, commonly known as? The protagonist prince? ; The stern is high and there are colored ropes for children to dress up on? Exclusive glans penis? 、? Boys worship Guanyin? 、? The rising of the sun? 、? Is Yang Guifei drunk? Such as dramatic characters. Objective dragon boat races include dragon boat races and yacht races. A few days before the official competition, they began to worship God and practice in the water. What's their name? Into the water? ; What's the name of sending a god after landing? Pull the tap? . The person who takes the lead is an expert in swimming hutongs. Years ago, they planted trees at the bridge with bamboo poles with leaves to prepare for the coming year.
It is worth mentioning that the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival of the Han nationality have also been absorbed by Liao and Jin countries. For example, The Book of Rites of Liao Dynasty records that the emperor of Liao was only promoted to sit in the afternoon. We should also give life to the ministers of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In addition to absorbing some Han customs, Jin State also has the ritual of worshipping heaven, the custom of shooting willows and the entertainment activities of high-fiving and bowing during the Dragon Boat Festival. "The History of Jin Sejong Biography" records: Dading three years (AD 1264), Jin Shizong? Fortunately, Guangyuan shoots willows, and the winner gives something severe. Naturally, he will return to Changwu Palace to give a banquet and bow. ? This custom is described in detail in Jin Li Shi Zhi. In the golden custom, a ceremony to worship heaven was held on July 15th and 9th, and a platform was built to worship heaven. After five sacrifices to heaven, the shooters should be in the order of generations. Willow branches should be peeled and exposed a few inches from the ground. Then gallop, bow and shoot. Those who keep shooting or miss are negative. Beat drums to cheer when shooting willows. Shoot the willow before playing polo. Customs influence and absorb each other. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, the Dragon Boat Festival absorbed the custom of shooting willows by Jin people. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a willow-cutting play in the Forbidden Palace, and he was shot while cutting willow. Northerners also hide ostriches in gourds, hang them on willow branches, and shoot them with bows. If you hit a gourd, the goose will fly out and decide the outcome. This kind of folk competition is often held on the fifth day of the Dragon Boat Festival, which originated from the legacy of Liao and Jin Dynasties.
In the Ming dynasty, the Dragon Boat Festival was also called? Daughter's Day? . "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" says: From May 1 5, Yan decorated her little girl with pomegranate flowers and said? Daughter's Day? . ? Not only are the names of festivals different from those of the Song Dynasty, but also the folk customs have changed. Many summer health care activities from the people are also mixed in this festival custom. For example, before noon on May 5, people will flock to the Temple of Heaven to avoid drugs and come out after noon. On the Dragon Boat Festival, we also pay attention to catching frogs and eating toads. The method is to break toad eyebrows with acupuncture and squeeze out toad juice. Toad is a precious traditional Chinese medicine, which can detoxify, reduce fever and reduce swelling, and has a miraculous effect on treating furuncle and malignant gangrene. Drinking calamus soaked in wine to ward off evil spirits, and wormwood leaves stuck in the door, are the legacy of the previous generation. A new custom in Ming Dynasty is to paint realgar on ears and nose, which is thought to avoid insect poisoning. According to "Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Fujian and Vietnam", on the 5th, Fujian was still immersed in realgar and books. Wang? What is the custom of writing on children's foreheads? Draw the amount? . The ancients knew the insecticidal and toxic effects of realgar for a long time, and Ge Hong's "Bao Pu Zi Xian Yao Pian" discussed this. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica also has an explanation? Realgar is pungent, warm and toxic, and has the effects of killing insects, snake venom, drying dampness, killing insects and eliminating phlegm. ? Is it okay? Indications: Insect venom, snake venom. ? In the era when there was no iodine and mercuric chloride, our ancestors soaked realgar in white wine and added a few pieces of alum. After evaporation, the wine becomes realgar alum for sterilization and disinfection. Therefore, during the Dragon Boat Festival, people clean houses and spray realgar water in the food storage room and kitchen to kill or prevent poisonous insects. It is precisely because the ancients attached great importance to using realgar to kill insects during the Dragon Boat Festival that the story and drama of Legend of the White Snake showed the plot of white snake drinking realgar wine during the Dragon Boat Festival. This story is well known to women and children and has been passed down to this day.
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