First, the growth conditions of Cardamine
Cardamine robusta lives on a mountain with an altitude of 800 ~1400 m, and its distribution range is relatively narrow, so it has certain requirements for ecological factors.
1. Requirements for temperature. The suitable temperature range of Cardamine is10 ~ 25℃, and the plants grow slowly below 10℃, and the quality of Cardamine will decline above 25℃. The physiological metabolism of Cardamine will be disordered above 30℃, and the plant will die in severe cases. In addition, in the process from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, Cardamine needs a low temperature stage, that is, vernalization, to complete its life history. Vernalization requires a low temperature below 5℃ for about 6 days.
2. Lighting requirements. Cardamine doesn't require strict light, and the temperature is in the range of15 ~ 25℃, and it can grow under strong light and weak light. Comparatively speaking, Cardamine prefers weak light.
3. Requirements for soil. In the country of origin, Cardamine likes to live in streams with alkaline pH value, but on land, plants are not strict about the pH value of soil. Experiments show that plants can grow at pH 5.5 ~ 8.0 in ordinary soil environment. As far as soil texture is concerned, Cardamine likes loose soil better.
4. Requirements for air humidity. Air humidity is an important ecological factor affecting Cardamine, especially at low temperature. From the results of artificial cultivation in 2002 ~ 2003, the difference between plants with moisturizing measures and plants without moisturizing measures is extremely significant, and even becomes a key factor for safe overwintering.
In a word, Cardamine cordata has requirements for environmental conditions, but it is not harsh. Understanding the requirements of Cardamine cordata for different ecological factors is conducive to improving quality, increasing yield and obtaining maximum economic benefits.
Second, the technical points of Cardamine Cardamine cultivation
1. Under natural conditions, Cardamine is not easy to germinate. On the one hand, the seed coat contains substances that inhibit germination, on the other hand, lower temperature than 15℃ and higher than 30℃ affect seed germination. It is best to use plug seedling and centralized management, which is beneficial to control temperature and humidity, so as to advance the seedling time and improve the seedling quality. The specific method is to soak Cardamine Cardamine seeds in water 1 day and night, then wrap the seeds with gauze and wash them 1 time every day for 5 minutes. After washing, open the seed stand in the shade and keep them moist. After 3 days, the seeds are sown in the hole tray, and after 5 days, the seeds gradually germinate, and can be transplanted after 1 month. Seedling growth is a little slow, and there is no special requirement for management. It is best to keep the environmental temperature at15 ~ 25℃ and prevent pests.
2. Soil preparation. Cultivation in the open field can be done when the maximum temperature during the day does not exceed 27℃. Greenhouse cultivation, the time can be a little later. Cardamine likes loose and fertile soil. When preparing soil, we should apply more high-quality decomposed manure or high-quality decomposed manure and a certain amount of chemical fertilizer. After deep ploughing, it should be finely raked and leveled, and the soil particles should be fine and uniform. The difference between southern and northern land preparation is: digging ditches in the south to facilitate drainage and ridging in the north to facilitate water conservation and irrigation.
3. transplant. Because of the habit of "cluster bud growth" (similar to the tillering of Gramineae plants), it is necessary to master the distance between plants when transplanting. According to experience, the plant spacing is about 15cm and the row spacing is about 20cm. Watering after transplanting is beneficial to the survival of seedlings.
4. management. Cardamine is a cold-tolerant vegetable and likes cold climate. Cultivation in the open field hardly needs too much management, but the old leaves of the plant may dry up or die during the winter and grow very slowly. If possible, it can be covered with plastic film to promote growth and put on the market early. Greenhouse cultivation, the conditions in the greenhouse are easy to control, and shepherd's purse can flourish when the temperature in the greenhouse is kept above 15℃ after winter. If the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 28℃, pay attention to ventilation. Cardamine indica has a slightly longer growth period and shallow root distribution, so it is necessary to keep sufficient fertilizer and water during its growth period. According to the growth of plants, the temperature and water and fertilizer management can be adjusted, so that they can be harvested during New Year's Day and Spring Festival to achieve higher economic benefits.
5. harvesting. Greenhouse cultivation can usually be harvested in batches about 60 days after transplanting. Because of the "cluster bud growth" and infinite growth habit of Cardamine under suitable conditions. Therefore, 1 planting can be harvested many times. When harvesting, cut off or cut off the plants that grow vigorously, and try to collect the large ones and keep the small ones in order to increase production and income. Carbendazim should be sprayed after harvest to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria and promote wound healing.