The cultivation and management of late autumn yellow pear has the advantages of early high yield, easy management, excellent fruit quality, health care, strong adaptability and good economic benefits. It is rich in trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, selenium and vitamins B and C, especially aspartic acid, which has special medical and health care effects on human health, especially kidneys, so it is called? Late golden pear? .
Yellow pear in late autumn contains minerals such as protein, fat, sugar, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorus and iron, and various vitamins, which have the functions of lowering blood pressure, nourishing yin and clearing heat. Eating pears regularly is of great benefit to patients with hypertension, heart disease, hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. It can promote appetite, help digestion, have diuretic, laxative and antipyretic effects, and can be used to supplement water and nutrition during high fever. Ripe pears help the kidneys excrete uric acid and prevent gout, rheumatism and arthritis. Pear has the effects of moistening dryness, expelling wind, sobering up and detoxifying. When the climate is dry in autumn, people often feel itchy skin, dry mouth and nose, and sometimes dry cough with little phlegm. Eating one or two pears a day can relieve autumn dryness and is good for health. It contains 85% water, 6-9.7% fructose, 1-3.7% glucose and 0.4-2.6% sucrose. Every 100g edible part contains 5 mg of calcium, 6 mg of phosphorus, 0.2 mg of iron and 4 mg of vitamin. There is also a certain amount of protein, fat, carotene, vitamin B 1B2, malic acid, etc. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that pear is sweet in taste, slightly sour and slightly cold in nature, and has the effects of moistening lung, cooling heart, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough, reducing fire and clearing heart-fire. It can be used for cough, excessive phlegm, asthma, aphonia, wind-heat, red eyes, sore throat and nausea. Eating pears after meals can promote gastric acid secretion, help digestion and increase appetite. Eating ripe pears often helps to increase body fluid and moisten the throat. Because pear is cold, it is not suitable for pregnant women, people with stomach cold and diarrhea due to spleen deficiency.
Advantages of late autumn yellow pear Compared with other fruit tree varieties, late autumn yellow pear has many unique features:
1, early high yield: dwarf and close planting, planting 160 plants per mu, the height of adult trees is about 2 meters: annual young trees can be pulled out to form flower buds and fruits are concentrated; In the high-yield period of 3 years, the yield per mu reached 4000 kg, and in the full-fruit period of 4 years, the yield per mu exceeded 10000 kg.
2. Easy to manage: self-pollination, the flowering period is from April 12 to April 14, and cross-pollination is not needed manually (but artificial pollination is needed to improve the fruit setting rate when the weather and temperature are not up to standard). The picking period is about June 5438+00. Strong disease resistance, only need to spray low-toxic biological pesticides 5-6 times a year. ? Two at a time, only once a year, only once a lifetime.
3. Excellent fruit quality: the fruit shape is flat and huge, and the weight of a single fruit is 500-800g, and the maximum fruit can reach1800g; Thin skin, small nucleus, no stone cells, smooth, white and sweet flesh, fructose content as high as16.8; Rich in antioxidants, the fruit segment will not change color or deteriorate within 15 days; There is a film in the peel, which can lock the water and prevent the water from losing easily, so the storage period is as long as 6-8 months.
4. Health care effect: applying farm manure and spraying non-toxic biological pesticides ensures the starting point of green food; It is rich in trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, selenium, vitamins B and C, carrots, malic acid, citric acid and fruit acid, which is very beneficial to human body, especially the aspartic acid contained in it, and has special medical and health care effects on human health, especially kidneys.
"Herbal Xuan Tong" records: Pear? The living clears the heat of the five internal organs, while the familiar raises the yin of the five internal organs? . The dry air in spring and autumn is the season when respiratory diseases, especially lung diseases, occur frequently. Chinese medicine experts believe that yellow pears in late autumn can remove lung garbage and enhance lung resistance. Therefore, experts suggest that eating about 400 grams of yellow pear in late autumn every day can play a variety of nutritional and health-care roles, such as strengthening the stomach and promoting digestion, moistening the lungs and relieving cough, clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, sobering up and preventing cancer.
Yellow pear in late autumn is the scientific research achievement of Henan Shalite Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
Planting techniques of yellow pear in late autumn 1. Preparation before planting:
1. Cut off the roots of seedlings and old roots 1 cm.
2. Soak in the rooting disinfectant distributed by the company.
3. Plant or plant in time.
4. Dig a hole:
Dig a hole before planting trees. What is the width and depth of the tree pit? 50 cm is suitable, and the north-south behavior is good. Generally, the row spacing is 3m, and the plant spacing is1.5m.. When digging the second pit, fill the excavated topsoil in the lower half of the first tree pit.
5. Buy seedlings:
(1) At the same time of purchasing seedlings, it is necessary to purchase the rooting agent for strong seedlings (or rooting powder and rooting agent for strong seedlings) provided by the company;
(2) After the seedlings are bought back, the film band at the grafting place should be removed first, or the film band should be cut off with a blade, and then the fracture of the root should be trimmed again, so that the fracture is neat and convenient for new root propagation;
(3) After the rooting agent is mixed with water in a specified proportion, the pruned saplings are soaked in the rooting agent solution for 3 hours. Those who can't sow in time should catch up in time.
Second, planting:
1. Planting method and sequence:
(1) When planting ordinary soil on the flat land, put the roots of saplings into a tree pit filled with half a pit of topsoil, seal a small amount of soil, then slightly raise it by 5- 10 cm, then cover it with soil, step on it and pour it thoroughly. Seal the soil after the water seeps dry. Generally, the grafting site should be flush with the ground after sealing, and the grafting site should be about 3 cm above the ground, which should be flexibly mastered according to the height of the grafting site.
(2) For sloping land, sandy land that is difficult to retain water, land with water source or insufficient water source, a spoonful of water retaining agent can be sprinkled in the tree pit when planting (the company has the goods).
(3) When planting in low-lying and waterlogged areas, shallow excavation should be used for planting, and more soil should be covered.
2. The purpose and requirements of fixed work:
(1) After planting and covering the soil, cut off the trunk 40 cm above the ground, and wipe the incision with paint to prevent air drying. After that, you need to cultivate the furrow for watering in the right direction. When planting in the wheat field, the 3-4 ridges of the wheat seedlings that must be planted must be hoed, and the ridges and furrows should be cultivated to facilitate watering, ventilation and light transmission during drought, otherwise the seedlings will die because they cannot be watered.
(2) Water the seedlings once when it doesn't rain about 20 days after planting. During this period, there should be no shortage of water, so as not to affect the survival.
3. Intercropping and facilities of orchard crops: Intercropping is the main income source of orchard in the first two years. Improper crop interplanting will directly affect farmers' economic income and the growth of fruit trees. Generally speaking, orchard interplanting can't grow tall crops such as corn and cotton, and it is most suitable for planting garlic, vegetables, peanuts, melons, peas or low-stalk Chinese herbal medicines.
Three, the management and requirements of trees after planting:
1. Cover with plastic film:
Not only can it keep warm and moisturize, but it can also be stored in the roots of seedlings to develop and improve the survival rate.
2. Plough:
First of all, cultivate the soil, ditch and water it, and water it once every 20 days when it doesn't rain.
3. Stay active in time:
After the new buds are taken out in April, some saplings that do not germinate and branch should be sprayed with chemicals in time to water their roots until they survive. If it is not treated in time, it will miss the best period, leading to the emergence of diseased plants or the death of seedlings.
Drink water at the right time
During the period from sowing to wheat harvest, it is advisable to water at least 3-4 times according to the weather conditions without rain or heavy rain. Before June, if the seedlings were short of water, it would affect the results, with few or no new branches, short branches and slow or short growth.
Late Autumn Huangliyue Management 1 1 till March
1. Cleaning fallen leaves: June 5438+0 1 Sweep the whole garden, clean up fallen leaves, pests, fruits and dead branches, and burn them centrally.
2. Filling frozen water: 165438+ 10 should be filled before freezing in the middle of October.
3. Winter pruning: 65438+February to February. After the young trees are determined according to the planting density, trees modeling will be conducted. On the premise of adjusting the tree shape and keeping the tree vigorous, the auxiliary branches are used to slowly release flowers to realize early and high yield. Therefore, the trees should be carefully pruned, retracted and rejuvenated in time to achieve high and stable yield on the premise of maintaining the vigorous momentum of the whole tree.
4. Scraping: After winter cutting, scrape off the old warped skin of the trunk and big branches. If there is rot, after scraping, apply 1000 times of Shugu General solution or 40 times of thiram solution.
5. Soil management: In early March, soil and water conservation facilities will be reformed to restore orchards with irrigation conditions.
6. Topdressing irrigation: The annual fertilization amount of pear trees can be calculated according to the average yield over the years. Pure nitrogen is about 200-250g per 50kg of fruit, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4: 1. Two-thirds of the annual topdressing amount can be applied to those who have applied basic fertilizer last autumn. For trees without basal fertilizer or mixed phosphorus fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer should be applied once a year during this period. Irrigation after fertilization, and then intertillage to conserve moisture.
7. Spraying: Spray the mixture of stone and sulfur once in the whole garden, and pay attention to spraying prevention in orchards seriously damaged by pear fruit borer.
April
1, irrigation to prevent frost damage. When the flowering period of pear trees approaches the flowering period, irrigation should be carried out 1 time for frost-prone orchards to delay flowering and avoid frost damage.
2. spray medicine. Spraying 1000 times of 1605 and 2000 times of omethoate, 4000 times of 20% metoclopramide or 5000 times of 25% deltamethrin when pear buds germinate to control pear dichotomous buds, pear big, star caterpillars and pear psylla respectively.
3, cut off the pear stem bee as a harmful tip. In early April, young trees will be planted and replanted, and then they will be dried and germinated.
5. Dry land orchards should be covered with straw.
6, when the pollination tree is insufficient or the flowering climate is not good, artificial pollination should be carried out. As far as a flower is concerned, the highest fruit setting rate can reach 80% within 3 days after flowering, and it is generally transferred to large-scale seeding in the early flowering period (25% after flowering) to strive for 3? Pollination completed in 4 days, fifth? Six days to clean up and give flowers that bloom late.
7. Spraying boron at flowering stage can improve the fruit setting rate.
May
1, spray. Spraying 3000 times chlorfenapyr plus 2000 times metronidazole or 1500 times 1605 plus 800 times isocarbophos plus 1500 times dimethoate after pear blossom to control pests such as pear psylla and pear aphid.
2, combined with spraying 0.3% urea to promote growth.
3. Continue to prevent pears from growing up, remove large pears and remove the fruit drop caused by weevil damage under the tree.
4. Achene. Fruit thinning should be carried out when the load per plant is too large, and the fruit thinning time should be carried out after the young fruit is not shed. Leave the edge fruit, leave the big fruit 1? Two. Fruits and vegetables can refer to the branch-to-fruit ratio or leaf-to-fruit ratio of the variety, and increase or decrease as appropriate according to the tree potential.
5. Top dressing and irrigation. Top dressing 65438+ 0/3 of annual planned nitrogen fertilizer in late May? 2/3。 Plant ash, if any, should be applied separately from nitrogen fertilizer. Irrigation, loosening soil and weeding after topdressing. Spraying 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves every 15 days from the end of May, three times in a row, or in combination with spraying.
June to August
1. Spraying: Before the wheat harvest, 2000 times of bordeaux mixture Ganesolan can be sprayed to prevent diseases and red spiders, and 600 times of carbendazim pesticide can be sprayed if other pests are serious. After the wheat harvest, decide whether to use pesticides according to the insect situation.
2. Weeding and covering: In rainy season, big grass can be cut off and covered on the spot.
3. Spraying: In late July, in order to control diseases and red spider, the pear orchard can be sprayed with lime double Bordeaux mixture and Nesolan 2000 times, mainly to control diseases and pear moth, and the pear orchard can be reduced by 800 times to 50% and killed by 3000 times. Spraying chlorpheniramine 0/500 times and Juma EC 2,000 times in mid-August, and spraying phoxim or phoxim 0/000 times in late August, focusing on spraying fruits to control pear fruit borer.
4. Bundling grass to catch insects: in the middle and late August, straw is tied to the upper part of the trunk to trap pear moth, and the straw is pulled out and burned before defoliation.
September to1October
1. Harvest: 10 Since October, fruits have matured and started to harvest.
2. Applying base fertilizer: after harvest and before defoliation. Apply organic fertilizer 1-2 kg per kilogram of fruit and calcium superphosphate 1 kg per 50 kg of organic fertilizer. When applying chicken manure, the dosage can be reduced. Irrigation after application.