Chickenpox is a slow-spreading and contact infectious disease, which can make chickens gain weight slowly and lose weight. After laying hens are infected, the egg production temporarily decreases, and chicks can die in large numbers. The shedding and scab breaking of sick chickens are the main forms of virus transmission, and blood-sucking insects (mosquitoes) can spread diseases. Chicken fighting, pecking and other injuries, high density of chickens, poor ventilation, dark and damp henhouse, ectoparasites, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, poor feeding tube, etc., can all promote the onset and aggravate the disease. The disease can be divided into three types: cutaneous type, mucosal type and mixed type. ?
First, skin-type chickenpox
Usually occurs in autumn and early winter. Mainly in the hairless or hairless parts of the body, especially in the top of the head, mustache, claws, eyelids and beak angle, but also around the cloaca, under the wing, abdomen and legs, a small gray nodule is produced. Nodules are wet at first, then dry, and their appearance is round or irregular. After scabbing, nodules are easy to fall off and form scars. ?
Second, mucosal varicella (diphtheria type)
It usually occurs in winter, mainly on the mucous membrane of mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, eyes or trachea. At first it was a symptom of rhinitis. After 2 ~ 3 days, the surface of mucosa slightly bulges with white nodules, and then rapidly increases, often fusing into yellow, caseous necrotic pseudodiphtheria or diphtheria-like membrane. Bleeding and erosion can be seen during stripping, and the diffusion of inflammation can cause swelling of infraorbital sinus and esophageal inflammation. ?
Third, mixed chickenpox
Skin and oral mucosa develop at the same time, which leads to serious illness and high mortality. ?
Fourth, prevention and control
1, prevention?
In addition to strengthening the general preventive measures such as hygiene, management and disinfection of chickens, the more reliable way is to vaccinate, generally at the age of 24 days, 42 days and 70 days (vaccination can be carried out at the age of 12 days in severe seasons). ?
Step 2 deal with
(1) mainly take symptomatic treatment. The acne scar on the skin is generally not treated. If necessary, carefully peel it off with clean tweezers, and apply iodine, mercuric chloride or purple liquid to the wound. For diphtheria and chickenpox, the false membrane of oral mucosa was peeled off with tweezers, washed with 1% potassium permanganate, and then wiped with iodine glycerin. When the eyes of sick chickens are swollen and the eyeballs are not damaged, cheese can be discharged, then washed with 2% boric acid or 1% potassium permanganate, and then 5% albumin silver solution is dripped. The peeled fake membrane, acne scab or cheese should be burned to prevent the spread of toxins. ?
(2) After the occurrence of fowlpox, according to the age of chickens and the last immunization time of Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease I vaccine or Losota vaccine can be inoculated urgently to interfere with the replication of fowlpox virus and achieve the purpose of controlling fowlpox. Antiviral drugs such as geppelin can also be added to drinking water and feed. ?
(3) After the occurrence of chickenpox, pockmarked spots will cause trauma, and it is easy to cause a large number of deaths due to secondary staphylococcal infection. Therefore, large groups of chickens should drink water with broad-spectrum antibiotics such as gentamicin or kanamycin.