perilla leaf

(Theory of Medicinal Properties)

Su Ye (Notes on Materia Medica Classics).

The source is the leaves of Labiatae plants such as Perilla crispa and Perilla acuta.

Plant morphology ① Perilla rugosa, also known as: red perilla (filling the back of elbow), perilla (dietotherapy materia medica), and red perilla.

Annual herb with special fragrance. The stem is erect, 30 ~100 cm high, purple or green-purple, with rounded corners and quadrangular edges, and the upper part is multi-branched, with the villous purple joints. Leaves opposite; Petiole is 2.5 ~ 7.5 cm long with purple or white knuckles; Leaf blade is wrinkled, oval or round, 4 ~12cm long and 2.5 ~10cm wide, with sharp or long apex, rounded or broadly wedge-shaped base, serrated edges, purple on both sides, or green on the top and purple on the bottom; Both sides are sparsely pilose, with fine oil spots below. Racemes are slightly lateral, terminal and axillary; Bracts ovate, entire; Calyx bell-shaped, densely pilose outside lower part, apex lip-shaped, upper lip 3-lobed, lower lip 2-lobed; Corolla tubular, apex 2-lipped, purple, upper lip 2-lobed, lobes square, apex slightly concave, lower lip 3-lobed, two lateral lobes nearly round, middle lobe transversely oval; Stamens 4, 2 strong, born in the middle of corolla tube; Ovary 4-lobed, style from the base of ovary, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets are brown, ovoid and contain 1 seeds. The flowering period is from June to July. The fruiting period is from July to August.

Wild or cultivated, distributed several times throughout the country.

② Perilla frutescens, also known as wild perilla frutescens.

The morphology is similar to that of the previous species. All are sparsely pilose. The leaves are ovate, sharp at the apex, wedge-shaped at the base, down to the petiole, coarsely crenate, flat on both sides, not wrinkled, purple and hairy. Corolla purplish red or reddish. Nutlets are brown to yellowish.

The roots and near-root old stems (Sutou), stems (perilla stalks), persistent calyx (perilla bracts) and fruits (perilla seeds) of the above plants are also used for medicine, and each is detailed in a special article.

Collect in the early September (before and after the Millennium) when the leafy inflorescence just grows, put it in a ventilated place to dry in the shade, and then pick the leaves.

The dried and complete leaves of medicinal materials are oval or round, most of them are shriveled and curled, or have been broken, and both sides are brownish purple, or the upper part is grayish green, and the lower part is brownish purple, with sparse hairs on both sides; The apex is sharp, the edge is serrated, the base is nearly round, stipe, thin and brittle. Chopped products are mostly mixed with small stems and branches. The stem is square, grooved, with yellow-purple skin and sometimes peeling off, yellow-white xylem and white loose pith in the center. The breath is fragrant and the taste is slightly pungent. It is better to have large leaves, purple color, unbreakable, strong aroma and no branches.

Location: Jiangsu, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan and other places.

The chemical composition of Perilla crispa contains about 0.5% volatile oil, about 55% perillaldehyde, 20-30% levolimonene and a small amount of α -pinene It also contains arginine, cumic acid and cyanidin 3-(6- p-coumaroyl -β-D- glucoside) 5-β-D- glucoside. In addition, the volatile oil of leaves contains isoleucine and so on. The whole plant of Perilla frutescens contains volatile oil, including isopentyl -3- furanone, perillaldehyde, α-and β-pinene, d- limonene, l- linalool, camphene, menthol, menthone, perillol, dihydroperillol and eugenol.

Pharmacological action ① antipyretic effect

Oral administration of 2 g/kg perilla leaf decoction and infusion to rabbits with fever caused by typhoid mixed vaccine has weak antipyretic effect; The leaching solution of Perilla frutescens produced in North Korea, given to rabbits with fever caused by warm needling, also has a weak antipyretic effect.

② Antibacterial effect

Perilla leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus in vitro.