Memory is a kind of human mental activity and belongs to the category of psychology or brain science. What do you think are some effective memory methods? Next, I will share with you the 5 most effective memory methods.
? Effective memory methods 1. Try the recall method
The process of perceiving things that are not in front of you, but can be reproduced independently is called recall. Trying the recall method means constantly testing yourself during the memorization process. There are many ways to take the test, the main methods are to use your own retelling, your own dictation, etc. For example, when memorizing foreign language words, you can memorize them while dictating them, or you can look at English and write Chinese dictally, or you can look at Chinese and read English orally. When reciting the text, you can keep trying to recite it yourself. When you memorize something incorrectly, read it again and memorize it again. Try to recall the knowledge you have learned in a timely manner, and the effect will be good.
The advantages of this method are: ① You can keep abreast of your memory status during learning. Every time you try to recall, you will know what you have remembered and what you have not remembered. When reading further, you can focus and remember selectively. ② It can stimulate people’s enthusiasm for learning. The purpose of trying to recall is to reproduce the reading word for word, which can encourage yourself to read word for word and target the materials that have not yet been memorized.
Some students always read over and over again with their heads down when memorizing. This kind of boring repetitive reading often fails to keep the cerebral cortex in an excited state. In this way, the memory effect will inevitably be reduced. Try to recall, although it takes a lot of effort to follow the script, especially when you can't recall, you have to use your brain. Because the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex are always in a state of excitement, it is easier to remember the material you read.
After reading the material to be memorized repeatedly, try not to look at the material. Recite (or recall) once, and read again if you encounter difficulties. This memory method that uses the feedback effect to try to recite is called the attempted recitation memory method.
For example, after memorizing English words, you can look at the English and write Chinese silently, or you can look at the Chinese and write English silently, then compare the answers, correct the incorrect ones, and then memorize them. Another example is when reciting a text, you can try to recall it after you have memorized it, that is, memorize it yourself. When you can't memorize it, read it again and memorize it again. For another example, when memorizing the proof of a relatively complex mathematical theorem, after memorizing it on the basis of understanding, you can also try to memorize it in writing. If you can't prove it, read the book again and memorize it again.
Experiments show that letting memorizers understand their own memory effects, that is, giving feedback on information, can often improve memory effects. The following psychological experiment can illustrate this problem:
Divide the subjects into two groups, A and B. The experimenter asked the students in Group A to read a text four times in a row; the students in Group B were asked to read the same text once, try to recite it once, read it again, and try to recite it again. As a result, one hour later, Group A only remembered 52.5; Group B remembered 75.5; one day later, Group A only remembered 30, and Group B remembered 72.5; ten days later, Group A only remembered 25, but Group B still remembered 57.5.
Each time you try to recite, you are given feedback on the memorized information. Why can the trial memory method that uses feedback effect improve memory effect? ??This is because feedback improves the consciousness and initiative of memory. After memorizing a piece of material several times, there are always some parts that have been memorized, and some parts that have not been memorized, or have been memorized incorrectly. The feedback information can tell you which parts have been memorized and which parts still need to be processed, helping you understand the progress of your memory and the difficulty of memory. Then, you can concentrate on the difficult-to-remember parts. Secondly, feedback can enhance confidence in memory, thereby adding strength to memorization.
If you recite a difficult material or a longer material several times, you will find that you have memorized most of it, which will greatly stimulate your motivation for learning and the joy of success, and you can study with confidence. Complete the remaining memory tasks. Of course, you can also find that you have not memorized something after memorizing it several times, and you can't help but feel irritable. At this time, you should understand: irritability will interfere with memory and affect the memory effect. ?The best way is to control your emotions, keep yourself calm, and trust your memory ability, or think like this: ?This material is difficult, and you should memorize it several times before you can remember it. ?Secondly, feedback can eliminate fatigue and maintain concentration in certain procedures. Reading it over and over again with your head down is a boring and boring repetitive reading that can easily lead to fatigue. Over time, your attention can easily be distracted. If in the process of memorizing, information about memory is always fed back to you, it will undoubtedly eliminate some fatigue, or delay the occurrence of fatigue, and at the same time, it can keep your attention focused on memorization. Therefore, it is better to try the memorization method than to simply read, read, and write over and over again. Effective memory methods 2. Comparative memory method.
This is a method of comparatively analyzing similar but different memorization materials and clarifying their similarities and differences for memorization.
Comparison is an important means for people to understand the objective world. Only through comparison can we identify. Without comparison, it is difficult for us to identify the characteristics and essence of things, and to clarify the mutual relationships, similarities and differences between things. The important role of comparison is mainly reflected in three aspects:
(1) Comprehensive memorization of materials. Comparative reading of similar materials will obviously have the effect of comprehensively understanding the materials and carrying out "three-dimensional" memory.
(2) Accurately memorize materials. The accuracy of memory is directly related to the initial recognition. If the information fed into the brain is incorrect, the extraction will be inaccurate. And comparison is the key to accurate memory.
(3) Memorize the material deeply. Many memorization materials have both similarities and differences, making it difficult to distinguish. When memorizing a certain material, if you look for similar materials for reference and make a little comparison, their respective characteristics will stand out and your impression will be profound.
There are many methods of comparison, including oppositional comparison, contrastive comparison, sequential comparison, similar comparison, etc. There are two basic principles for comparison:
First, seek differences from similarities. That is to find out the differences among the memorization materials except the similarities. When comparing, don't stop at understanding the surface phenomena of materials. Focus on comparing their essential properties and capture the subtle features for memory.
Second, seek similarities in differences, that is, try to find similarities or similarities in memorizing materials in addition to their differences. Things in the world are complex, and although their superficial appearances are vastly different, they are often essentially the same or similar. If we can find them, we will remember them better. Effective memory methods 3. Associative memory method.
This is a memory method that associates one thing with another through the mutual relationship between things.
What is association? Pavlov believed that association is a temporary neural connection generated by the simultaneous or continuous action of two or more stimuli. Association is the mental activity of thinking from one thing to another in the mind. Relying on association, everyone arranges the information input into the brain to form a memory network; relying on association, people can find what they need from the memory warehouse and extract it smoothly. If we can grasp the rules of association and learn the methods of association, it will not only help us remember quickly, but also help consolidate our memory.
(1) Image association method
This is a method of connecting the things that need to be memorized with their physical representations. For example, the concept of the word "earthworm" is not easy to be consolidated by just remembering these two words. You must have that kind of fearful object in your mind.
When an object appears, the mind should be like an open screen, looking at the words, listening to the pronunciation, and depicting the object on the screen on the spot. After practicing this many times and developing a habit, it will be easier to imprint the object in your mind.
The key to using representational association is: 1. Try to transform the knowledge object into a specific object in the mind. For example, when you learn the word "shelter", you imagine that you are living in your grandma's house. ②Use more methods of exaggerating objects. For example, when learning the word "bacteria", expand it to include the bacterial objects seen in textbooks. ③Convert abstract things into concrete things. If you understand the abstract idiom "Hanyingzuihua", it may be difficult to understand. You can compare yourself to an old scholar who is shaking his head while appreciating a good poem. ④ Sometimes there are many things to remember, you can use the overall object memory method.
(2) Proximity association method
This is an association method based on the proximity of some things in space or time. If you see hairtail, you will immediately think of the sea; when Guanli people mention Harbin, they will definitely think of cold climate, ice lanterns, winter swimming and other phenomena; when mentioning Jinggang Mountain, they will think of Zhu De and *** meeting there, etc. , these are all due to proximity in space. For another example, when Zhuge Liang is mentioned, one will immediately think of "Borrowing the East Wind" and "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage"; when mentioning the Opium War, one will immediately think of 1840 and Lin Zexu's anti-smoking campaign, etc., because these things are close in time. During learning, if you use this method to connect the facts, things and knowledge you encounter with nearby things to form a system that is not related in space or time, you can create associations, help memory, and When you mention one thing, you may think of a lot of things.
This association is based on the similarities between things in terms of phenomena or essences. Similar association mainly highlights the homology and similarity of things, and it plays an important role in learning and memory. For example, centralized literacy teaching has been vigorously promoted because it takes advantage of the similarities in pronunciation, form, and meaning of Chinese character structures. Based on the rules of Chinese character creation and seizing the characteristics, commonly used Chinese characters are classified into different categories, and then compiled into the "Quick Concentrated Literacy Manual" for promotion across the country. Another example is that the formula for the area of ??a parallelogram is derived by using the similar characteristics of two congruent triangles. By connecting the two diagonal vertices of a parallelogram, two congruent triangles are formed, and the formula for the area of ??a triangle is "base multiplied by height divided by two". The parallelogram formed by the two congruent triangles put together is exactly a Two times a triangle, two and two cancel out, and the formula for a parallelogram is "base multiplied by height". This makes it easy to remember.
Similar associations are widely used in teaching and learning in various subjects. It requires logic and loyalty to reality. Two things that are illogical and contrary to reality cannot be forcibly connected. When similar associations are used well, they not only play a role in efficient memory, but are also conducive to the development of creative talents.
(3) Contrastive association method
Contrastive association is an association established based on the often antagonistic characteristics between things. For example, from hot to cold, from sweet to bitter, from love to hate, from backwardness to progress, etc. Because the things that come to mind are opposites, they are grouped together. The effect of using contrastive association to enhance memory is particularly significant. In primary school Chinese teaching, synonyms and antonyms are often taught together; when analyzing novels in middle schools, the image of one character is often compared with that of another character, which can enhance appeal; in mathematics, physics and chemistry teaching, opposites can also be taught. Summarize the theorems, formulas, rules, etc., and use contrastive association to help memory. Contrastive association is widely used in learning and teaching and is an excellent way to improve memory efficiency.
(4) Strange association method
Strange association is a recognized "secret of memory" in the world, and it is also a "secret" of memory.
The strange association method is a memory-enhancing method that uses some bizarre ideas to connect related things, words or knowledge together to form a series of objects in the brain.
Special associations can string together any few words or word concepts and remember them in your own special way.
There are three key points that must be mastered when using strange associations: First, make static things dynamic, and make things that are originally static move with ideas. For example, "balloon, ink, grassland" are three unrelated nouns. If you want to connect them to achieve the purpose of memory, you can imagine that the ink is hanging on the balloon and flying towards the grassland. The second is to replace thing B with thing A, or make thing A become a component of thing B, and connect or assemble them. For example, "pencil, straw hat, soybeans, tractor", you can imagine that the pencil replaces the person, wearing the straw hat and sitting on the tractor pulling the soybeans. The third is to exaggerate or reduce, increase or decrease the things being remembered. If you want to remember? A watch, a melon, and a slide? How do you associate these three things? You can imagine a watch as big as a melon rolling down a slide. By using this method to randomly combine things, you can create associations and get the best memory effect. The strange association method may seem ridiculous at first, but when used in situations where multiple things need to be remembered, it will play a special role. After training the habit, it will be much easier to remember a series of words and things.
In short, there are various methods of associative memory. The most important ones are positioning the associative method and applying the associative method. Due to the difficulty, this article is limited by the length and cannot introduce it clearly. Enthusiasts are requested to learn it specifically. If you read Comrade Wang Wei's "Quick Memory Method", you will definitely get better results. Effective memory methods 4. Summary memory method.
This is a method of refining memorization materials and grasping the key points to memorize them.
Although people have great memory potential, it is not only impossible to remember what they see and how much they see, but it is also unscientific. Only when something is lost can something be gained, and when something is simplified can something be strengthened. When memorizing, we must extract the key parts of the material, and then comprehensively summarize it to form a simple "information symbol" or a group of information symbols, which is convenient for the brain to receive, store and extract.
The forms of summary memory generally include the following:
(1) Theme summary method To read a book, study an article, or appreciate a famous poem, you need to grasp the main idea. , understand the rich ideological content and writing characteristics. If you can grasp the outline and thread, and tie the content and key points together systematically and comprehensively, it will be much easier to memorize. For example, if you study the difficult paper "On Practice" and don't summarize the central idea, the study will be like a piece of loose sand, making it difficult to apply it in practice. To summarize the theme, it can be expressed as follows: This article discusses that practice is the basis of cognition, clarifies that on the basis of practice, from practice to cognition, and from cognition to practice, the second leap is made, revealing the process of cognition. The repetitiveness, infinity, and progress of the subject emphasize the concrete historical unity of subjectivity and objectivity, theory and practice.
This summary has shown the center of the full text, but it is still difficult to remember. If you use the "numerical summary method" to summarize it again, it will be more concise. It can be recorded as: a Foundation, second leap, three characteristics and one emphasis. After strengthening your memory in this way, you can remember the central idea.
(2) The content summary method is used to study larger materials, which are often too many words, complex and changeable, and difficult to memorize. This requires grasping the summary of the content, selecting key words and sentences, and memorizing them in order to inspire associations with the entire content. It can be used in everything from the introduction and chapter table of a work, a movie, or a long paper, to an article, a record of facts, or even a long logical sentence. Key words and sentences are abbreviated or summarized to reduce more to less and concentrate the essence, thereby inspiring memories and deepening understanding.
(3) Abbreviation and summary method. In the learning and memorizing materials, carefully find the words and words that play a key role as a "medium" for thinking, and play the role of leading from one point to another. This is abbreviation and summary. . For example, when learning the oxidation-reduction reaction in chemistry, it is very important to first understand the relationship between electron gain and loss and oxidation-reduction. Secondly, it is necessary to determine which substance is the oxidant and which substance is the reducing agent. When you really understand it, you can use the three words "loss of oxygen" and "return" as an abbreviation structure to remember. Meaning: a substance that loses electrons? After oxidation? This substance is a reducing agent. In this way, as long as you remember the three keywords "loss of energy", "oxygen" and "return", it can be used as a reminder to associate the entire meaning. Some more complex fixed phrases, names, concepts or clusters of knowledge can also be abbreviated to become simplified pronouns.
(4) Number summary method This is a method of using numbers to summarize facts, content or sentences to enhance memory. For example, the habitually used "Five Lectures and Four Beauties", "Four Modernizations Construction", "Three Major Disciplines and Eight Attentions", "Three Outlines and Five Permanent Rules", "Four Books and Five Classics", etc. are all memory methods that are well-established by people, have clear meanings, and are easy to recall. For some more complex content in your studies, you can also consider ways to use numerical summarization to help memory. For example, when memorizing the main chemical reactions of ironmaking and the structure of an ironmaking blast furnace, they can be summarized as "three fives". That is, the ironmaking process has five main chemical reaction formulas (omitted); the blast furnace has five parts (throat, furnace body, furnace waist, furnace belly, hearth); the blast furnace has five imports and exports (iron ore, coke , carbonite, entrance, air inlet, blast furnace gas outlet, slag outlet, tap hole). Remember these "three fives", and you can recall fifteen small items.
(5) Sequential summary method This is a method of memorizing facts and materials in the order they need to be memorized. For example, the occurrence of historical events, the terms of various treaties, various changes and reforms in history, etc., can be compiled into simplified order, and more complex contents can be remembered with summary words. For example, the five contents of "Wang Anshi's Reform" are: ① Young Crops Law; ② Recruitment Law; ③ Farmland Water Conservancy Law; ④ Square Field Equalization Tax Law; ⑤ Baojia Law. When memorizing, it can be summarized in order as first green, second raise, three rural, four directions and five guarantees. Just remember five main words and you can recall everything. Effective memory methods 5. Image memory method.
Use specific methods to transform and refine memory content. There is a kind of fast memory that corresponds to 100 words from 1 to 100, and 100 words to 100 images. Among them, the consonant letters t/d, n, m, c/k, l, s, f, g, p/b, and r are included in the word, representing 1 to 10 respectively (please pay attention to the consonants in the letters). Use tea (tea) as 1 (the word contains one t), tit (tit) as 11 (the word contains 2 ts), dice (dice) as 14 (the word contains d and c), Mafia (mafia) Record it as 37 (the word contains m and f), mug (fool) is recorded as 38 (the word contains m and g)... 100 numbers correspond to 100 fixed images, and a table can be made to form a pair Fast memory for long strings of numbers. For example, memory 373811141. It can be remembered as 37 (mafia) 38 (fool) 11 (tits) 14 (dice) 1 (tea)?gt; the mafia asked the fool to soak both the tits and the dice into the tea. So, just by writing down this scene, I can write down a long list of numbers, which is very interesting. This is a powerful memory training.
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