(Zhang Fuquan)

Lentils (Dolichos lablab L.-Lablab vulgaris Savi) are also known as white lentils, emei beans, tea beans, fire sickle lentils. For the legume family annual twining herbaceous vine. Cultivated throughout the country. Anhui, Shaanxi, Hunan, Henan and Shanxi provinces have higher yields. The white seeds are used as medicine. The seeds contain fat oil, protein, sugar, niacin, amino acids, vitamins A, B, C, alkaloids. And contains nitrile glycosides, tyrosinase and trace calcium, phosphorus, iron and so on. Through the in vitro active E-rose knot reaction test, white lentil has a promotional effect on the formation of active E-rose knot. White lentil has slightly significant alkaloid reaction. It is sweet and light in flavor and flat in nature. It has the function of strengthening the spleen and stomach and clearing summer dampness. The main treatment of spleen deficiency diarrhea, qi vomiting, loss of appetite and other conditions.

I. Morphological Characteristics

The stem is up to 6m long, nearly smooth. Tricotyledonous, alternate, petiole 4-12cm long; stipules tiny, triangular-ovate, about 3mm long, stipules striped lanceolate, all hairy; leaflets broadly ovate, 5-9cm long, 4-8cm wide, apex pointed, base broadly cuneate or truncate, entire, both surfaces sparsely pubescent. Main veins ternate. Racemes axillary, usually 2-3 clustered; calyx tubular, white pilose along calyx tooth margins; corolla butterfly-shaped, white; stamens 10, dimorphic; ovary bar-shaped, pilose, with glands at base, style curved at right angles to ovary, densely white villous along inner side, stigma capitate, sparsely white pubescent. The pod is flattened, slightly curved, 5-8 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, with a downward curved beak at the top, and 2-5 seeds, white, oblong and oblate (Figs. 15-19).

Figure 15-19 Morphological diagram of white lentil

1. Flowering branches 2. Remove the corolla to show the calyx, stamens, pistil 3. Corolla dissected to show the flag petals, winged petals, keeled petals 4. Fruit

Two, biological characteristics

Preferring a warm climate, humid environments, fear of frost. Soil requirements are not strict, general soil can be planted, but slightly acidic to slightly alkaline clay loam, loam or sandy loam growth is best, gravelly soil and saline soil should not be planted. The previous crop is suitable for sweet potato, grain, corn, wheat, etc., and can also be cropped. Can be planted in front of the house behind the gap, high requirements for fertilizer and water, especially in the seedling period, such as lack of fertilizer, lack of water, seedling growth is weak.

Seed germination rate of 85-90%. In 18-21 ℃ (and there is enough humidity, 5-10 days after sowing seedlings, the next year, the seedling rate of old seeds is significantly lower. early June buds and flowers, flowering June-August, the fruit began to ripen in July, along with the ripe with the harvest, so as not to fall off.

Three, cultivation techniques

(a) Selection and land preparation

Select fertile, well-drained sandy loam or black soil is better. In the sowing before tilling 20-25cm deep, applied to the base fertilizer. The general base fertilizer is mostly compost, 5000kg per acre, 20kg of calcium superphosphate, 50kg of grass ash, and then make the bed. In addition, in front of the house, ridge and dam can be planted.

(2) propagation methods

Propagation by seed, divided into direct seeding and seedling planting.

1. Direct broadcast

Select new seeds with full grains and soak them for 1-2 days. According to the row spacing 30-60cm, plant spacing 45cm spot sowing, hole depth of 3cm, 2-3 seeds per hole spot sowing, mulch 0.6-1.0cm, slightly suppressed. The amount of seed per mu is about 2.5kg. Many areas and corn, sorghum intercropping, harvest is better. Planting method is to be corn, sorghum 15-20cm, in its rows according to row spacing 1m, plant spacing 45cm spot seeding.

2. Seedling planting

In April, mid seedling. Seedling, according to row spacing 7cm, plant spacing 6cm seed sowing, 2 seeds per hole. If the rows are sown or sown in strips, it is advisable to plant 2 plants in one hole. In order to prevent overcrowding of seedlings in the bed, when the true leaves are about to be issued, another seedbed transplantation. When there are 3-4 pieces of true leaves for planting. Sichuan can be in the middle of March to level the ground, make 1.3m wide beds. Spread the seeds evenly in the bed, and then sprinkle a layer of fine soil to cover the seeds to the degree of tight, and finally put on the film, after the emergence of seedlings to remove. Planting: 1.3m wide beds, 60cm channel between beds, 15cm from the edge of the beds planting, a bed planted 2 rows, spacing 1.3m, staggered planting in a zigzag shape, each hole side by side planting 2 plants. Another way is to dig a nest planting, the nest of soil fertilizer, and soil fully mixed, and then in the nest and then apply half a bucket of thick human and animal manure, to be planted a week later. When planting, digging loose soil in the nest, and then planted with soil seedlings in the nest. Each nest of 3 plants, d-shaped, and then apply light human and animal feces water, in order to facilitate the survival of every 7 days or so continuous watering a few times, drought is more need to water to protect the seedlings.

(C) field management

1. Plowing and weeding should often loosen the soil and weeding after the emergence of seedlings. Soon after the emergence of seedlings should be cultivated.

2. Watering

The seedlings should be watered in a timely manner in case of drought, and when they are about to bloom, the amount of water and fertilizer needs to gradually increase, and it is not advisable to water during the flowering period, so as not to drop flowers.

3. Fertilizer

Growth period can be applied 1-2 times fertilizer, it is appropriate to apply more phosphorus, potash, potash-based, nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much, to prevent the stem and leaves to grow, delay fruiting. Early flowering per mu of calcium superphosphate 15kg, grass ash 50kg, in early August and then a fertilizer, in addition to soil fertilizer, per mu plus urea 5kg.

4.frame

Stem height of 60cm when the frame, next to the plant inserted twigs, bamboo poles, etc., the two rows of the opposite human zigzag, the more solid, so that the stem climbed to grow in order to facilitate the ventilation. If planted in the hedge or planted with corn, sorghum interplanting, that is, do not need to take the frame.

5. spiking

August spiking to promote fruit maturity.

(D) Pests and diseases and their control

1. Rust

[Uromyces fabae (Pers.) Bary]

Damaged leaves wither and fall, affecting plant growth. It can be controlled by 1:1:100 Bordeaux solution or 25% powder rust 700-1000 times.

2. Aphis

(Aphis craccivora Koch)

Often grouped together in the tip of the lotus, plant growth is weak. Can be used 40% Lego 2000 times liquid spray control.

3. pod borer

[Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke)]

Burrowing into the pods to feed on, affecting yield. The first hatching larvae stage is sprayed with a touch agent for control.

Four, harvesting and processing

July-August flowers at the beginning of the flowering, picked and dried, that is, lentil flowers. To body dry, color white, no impurities is good. 9-10 month pods are ripe, with ripe with picking, picking pods, drying, remove the pod skin, that is, white lentils. Pick the impurities, put in boiling water to cook until the skin has bulged, fish out and poured into cool water, rubbing the skin, drying that is into the lentil kernel. Skin drying lentil clothes. Take the net lentils, fried to slightly yellow, mashed with, that is, for fried lentils.