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What is dehydration?
Dehydration refers to the phenomenon that the human body loses a lot of water and Na+, resulting in a serious decrease of extracellular fluid. Dehydration is often divided into three types according to the serum sodium concentration: isotonic dehydration, hypotonic dehydration and hypertonic dehydration.

1. Hypertonic dehydration is also called water-deficient dehydration, that is, water loss is more than salt loss. This situation is mostly caused by high temperature, excessive sweating or high fever, which leads to a large amount of water loss and fails to replenish it in time. Because the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid increases and the secretion of antidiuretic hormone increases, patients have obvious symptoms such as thirst and oliguria. Mild hypertonic dehydration patients can be relieved if they can drink water as early as possible. When the situation is serious, the patient can be treated by dripping 5% glucose solution.

2. Low permeability dehydration is also called salt-deficient dehydration, that is, salt loss is more than water loss. This situation is mostly caused by severe vomiting, diarrhea, massive bleeding or extensive burns, which leads to a large loss of water and salt and fails to replenish it in time. Because the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid decreases and the secretion of antidiuretic hormone decreases, the patient's urine volume increases and there is no thirst, which easily leads to the illusion that there is no dehydration. This situation can be treated by injecting normal saline into the patient.

3. Isoosmotic dehydration is also called mixed dehydration, that is, the degree of water loss and salt loss is similar. This kind of dehydration is the most common in clinic, for example, dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea mostly belongs to this kind. This situation can be treated by inputting physiological saline and 5% glucose solution to the patient.