The equator runs across the north of the country, and Ecuador means "equator" in Spanish. The Andes runs through the central part of the country, which is divided into three parts: the western coast, the central mountainous area and the eastern region. 1. Western coastal areas: including coastal plains and hilly areas, the terrain is high in the east and low in the west, generally below 200 meters above sea level, and some hills and low mountains are 600-700 meters above sea level. It belongs to the tropical rain forest climate, and the southernmost part begins to transition to the tropical grassland climate. The average annual precipitation has decreased from more than 3,000 mm to about 500 mm from north to south. 2. Central mountain range: After Colombia entered Ecuador, the Andes were divided into East Cordillera and West Cordillera. The plateau between the two mountains is high in the north and low in the south, with an average elevation of 2500 to 3000 meters. Ridges crisscross, dividing the plateau into more than ten intermountain basins. The most important are Quito Basin and Cuenca Basin in the south. There are many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes in the territory. The famous Cotopaxi volcano is 5897 meters above sea level and is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world. Mount Chimborazo is located in central Ecuador, with an altitude of 6262 meters, which is the highest peak in Ecuador. From the center of the earth to the top of the mountain is 6384. 1 km. Qin Boraso, located in the west Cordillera Mountains of the Andes, has long been mistaken for the highest peak in the Andes. It is a dormant volcano, with many craters and many glaciers on the top, with an altitude of about 4694 meters and snow all year round. 1880, the British mountaineer E- Wilbur reached the summit for the first time. This is the plateau area in central Ecuador, with agriculture and animal husbandry as the main industries, including sheep, cattle, grains, potatoes, fruits, fiber plants and so on. The mountainous basin in this area belongs to the tropical grassland climate, and the mountainous area belongs to the subtropical forest climate, with perennial snow above 4000 meters above sea level. The annual average precipitation is about 1000mm, with rainy season from February to June and dry season from July to June. Third, the eastern region: it is a part of the Amazon river basin. At an altitude of1200-250m, the river at the foot of the mountain is swift, and the alluvial plain is below 250m, with wide river surface, gentle water flow and tortuous flow. It has a tropical rainforest climate, which is wet and rainy all the year round, with an average annual precipitation of 2000-3000mm.

Located in the Pacific Ocean, about 900 kilometers east of the mainland coast, the Galapagos Islands covers an area of 7,800 square kilometers, including 7 large islands and about 70 small islands, all of which are composed of volcanic cones and volcanic lava.