Look at the possibility of parasitic infection first, and then look at other problems ~! If not, observe for two days. If it doesn't improve, go to the pet hospital. Fish diseases and treatment. (Anchored fish) (1) signs of infection. Female anchovies, they are parasites. When they stick to fish, they can be easily identified according to the appearance of their worms. In spring, when two oocysts of about 3 mm are formed at the free end of the body, their maximum length reaches about 20 mm. (2) A detailed description of the infection. Although anchovies have common names, they are not worms at all, but tiny crustaceans called copepods. Like most crustaceans, their maturity goes through several larval stages. The first larvae hatched from eggs swim freely in spring until they find a suitable host and attach themselves to gills. Once attached, they enter the non-swimming period. The male in the larva hatches once to fertilize the female and stop parasitism. Then the mated males attach to the host fish and develop into worms. Females ovulate in spring, and then may die or continue to lay eggs several times. When the parasite dies, the holes left in the skin and muscles of the fish may cause secondary infection, so the fish cannot be cured. (3), recommended treatment. After the anchor head worm goes deep into the fish's body tissue, it sticks firmly to the fish. People can select adult worms one by one, but it is a long process and potentially harmful to fish. Short-term immersion in 3% salt solution can also remove bugs from fish. Now there are aquarium treatments that can kill adults. Also in the pond, repeated use of anti-protozoan treatment agents will kill larvae. Using trichlorfon can also kill adults. Second, black spot disease. (Piju, also known as Stemona Piju, etc.) (1) signs of infection. Small black or brown spots on the body and fins, up to 2 mm wide, sometimes appear on eyes and pearl vests. (2) A detailed description of the infection. Spots are cysts containing larvae of intestinal trematodes, such as Fasciola pidata, which contain heavy pigments. Larval stage is also called Fasciola pigmentosa. Adults live in the intestines of waterfowl and are disturbed by eating fish that hide larvae. In the viscera of waterfowl, the membrane wrapped around each larva is dispersed, and the worm matures after a few weeks. The eggs produced by adults are discharged from the excrement of birds, and the eggs that fall into the water develop into free-swimming larvae and parasitize on water snails. A few weeks later, the parasitic wasp left the water snail and began another cycle of sending suitable fish hosts. When the parasite reaches the width of about 1 mm, each worm produces a black film on its body, forming unique spots under the skin. The slight infection of black spot disease does not harm fish, because the life cycle and environmental conditions are complex, and it will not spread black spot disease from one fish to another. (3), recommended treatment. New antiparasitic agents can kill parasites, but once black spots are formed, they will leave traces. The most effective preventive measure is to break the growth cycle of parasites and ensure that waterfowl are not near ponds or aquariums, and no parasitic snails appear. Three, blood flagellate-sleeping sickness (cryptosporidium, now also includes trypanosomiasis and trypanosomiasis) (1), signs of infection. The fish infected with cryptosporidium is listless and swims abnormally. Fish become emaciated, with sunken eyes and pale gills (indicating a lack of red blood cells). The badly damaged fish died. Trypanosoma seems to be relatively non-pathogenic and will not produce such serious symptoms. (2) A detailed description of the infection. Cryptosporidium and Trypanosoma are both unicellular organisms (protozoa) with velvety flagella, so they are called "flagellates". They live in the blood as parasites. Harmful cryptoflagellates have two flagella, while completely harmless trypanosoma has only one flagella. To see this parasite on a blood smear, you need a 300 times microscope. Both parasites are transmitted by leeches, the second host. Flagellates live harmlessly in the intestines of leeches, which can infect fish when they bite. (3) Recommended treatment methods. No chemical treatment agent has been found that can effectively prevent and control haemoflagellates in ornamental fish. Since only the fish attacked by leeches will be infected, it is only necessary to take out the infected fish and get rid of the leeches. But it is quite easy to do this in an aquarium, and it is much more difficult to solve this problem in an infected pond. Four, oblique tube worm (one kind), signs of infection. The infringed fish rubbed hard objects and closed their fins. The skin is covered with light blue transparent body, especially between Guan and dorsal fin. If the gills are damaged, the respiratory rate is obviously accelerated. In the late stage of infection, the skin surface swells and then falls off. (2) A detailed description of the infection. Trichinella spiralis is a kind of ciliate, a single-celled organism, which can only be seen with a microscope. It is unevenly covered with fluff, which pushes the worm forward in the water. Trichinella spiralis can be seen with a medium power microscope, but the samples must be collected quickly, because Trichinella spiralis leaves the fish within two hours after death. This parasite attacks injured fish first, but spreads to healthy fish under crowded environmental conditions. Trichinella makes fish very weak, and in severe cases, it will cause long-term damage to gills. Trichinella spiralis reproduces by cell division. Pearl vest (3), recommended for treatment. If the fish are strong, the best way to treat freshwater fish is to soak them in 3% salt water, let them stay inside until they curl up, and then quickly put them back in their fish tanks. As an alternative and less irritating treatment method, the fish should be put into 1% salt water 10- 15 minutes, and then the fish should be put back into clear water. The best temperature for treating tropical fish is 28-30 degrees. Or a new antiparasitic therapeutic agent can be used. If the host insect stays in an aquarium without fish and the temperature is 30 degrees for about 5 days, it will die. But parasites on fish must also be treated. Five, cloudy eyes (1) signs of infection. One or both eyes of the fish are covered with clouds and appear white. Fish may show signs of nervousness, their colors are abnormal, or they behave like normal fish. (2) A detailed description of the infection. There are many reasons for cloud eyes. Such as Chlamydomonas and cryptosporidiosis, and tuberculosis symptoms of fish. But non-special bacterial infection is often the cause of cloud eye. (3), recommended treatment. Determine the possible causes of the problem and treat it as soon as possible to prevent it from causing harm to the nervous system. If it is a parasitic infection (such as Chlamydomonas), use the corresponding treatment. If the root cause of the disease is bacteria, then therapeutic agents containing antibacterial complexes such as phenoxyethanol or furans are used for treatment. Keeping a good environment, especially using clean water, can minimize the occurrence of cloud eyes, because dirty water may be a trigger, so adding a small amount of salt to water can help prevent it. Six, fish mycosis-water mold (water mold and cotton mold) (a), signs of infection. The obvious sign of infection is cotton-wool vegetation, usually white, but sometimes gray-black to green. Fungi usually originate from tree trunks, but may also originate from damaged parts. It can spread and invade fins, mouth, eyes and gills. (2) A detailed description of the infection. Fungi are plants that grow on dead organic matter. A typical fungal body or mycelium consists of very fine filaments or exobacteria, which penetrate dead or decaying tissues and directly absorb nutrients through the cell wall. Therefore, although fungal spores appear in the water, healthy fish can resist infection. Spores are released from the swollen tips of some exophytes and swim freely with two flagella until they adapt to suitable tissues and begin to grow into another fungal mass. Fungi only attack injured fish, or fish that are weak in some ways. If the invasion seems to occur spontaneously, it may be a secondary infection of tissues damaged by other reasons, such as skin trematode damage. In these cases, both the fungus and the initial infection need treatment, and if not treated, the fungus will die. Damaged or unfertilized eggs are particularly vulnerable to fungal attacks, while healthy eggs in the same group can hatch normally. It is usually wise to transfer eggs with fungal vegetation to protect healthy eggs from inhibition during development. (3), recommended treatment. In the aquarium, possible infection can be prevented by checking whether the water is in good condition, whether the water temperature is appropriate, and whether the water is too alkaline (PH7.2 is the best in the freshwater aquarium). Many treatments are recommended, but some of them have serious shortcomings. Salt water bath is a traditional treatment for freshwater fish diseases, but it will cause inappropriate irritation and need to be replaced frequently, and it is not particularly effective when used alone. Methylene blue is effective for mild cases, but the prescribed dose will stain the water, making it difficult to continuously check the development of the disease. You can paint malachite green on the infected area. There are several new special treatment agents, which are usually effective for fungi. In ponds, fungi usually appear in spring, when fish are weakest or damaged after spawning. Before the wet or cold weather begins, feed balanced nutrition bait to fatten the fish and ensure the PH value of the water is between 6.5 and 7.8, which may reduce the chance of fungal infection. There is a special fungus treatment agent in the pond. However, according to the environmental conditions, it is best to transfer the infected fish to a suitable container that can maintain a relatively stable state for treatment; The disparity between cold and heat will reduce the therapeutic effect of drugs and promote further infection. For example, when taking an old-fashioned bath, you must carefully transfer the fish to a large container filled with dechlorinated water or aged water. Ideally, water should be oxygenated. Avoid unnecessary stimulation to fish at all costs. When transferring fish, use absorbent cotton to wipe off the fungal vegetation on the fish. Prevention and treatment of diseases. The aquarium should be large, but there should be fewer fish, that is, the density of fish culture should be relatively small, and 1cm fish should be raised per liter of water. This cultural density is the experience summed up by many predecessors. You can lower the density a little. Second, the arrangement of filters Some friends will only buy an air pump when they first start raising fish. If you think the water is short of oxygen, pump it up. If it is turbid, change it. It doesn't matter whether you buy a filter or not. This idea is very dangerous. As we said in the colorful article on captive equipment, the filtration device in the present sense refers to biochemical filtration. It is no longer simply removing impurities from water. It is a method to establish a good circulation system and improve the hydrological environment by eliminating harmful substances in water through microorganisms. This is a system that must be prepared. The drop of the filter channel should be larger and longer. The impurities are filtered by coarse cotton filter for the first time, and then filtered by nitrifying bacteria attachment groups such as biochemical cotton filter, biochemical ball or ceramic ring, so that nitrifying bacteria attached to it can play a role. Then the harmful elements such as chlorine and cadmium are removed by activated carbon filtration. Finally, filter it with a cotton filter and put it back in the aquarium. In order to save money, we usually don't use finished filters, but build our own filtering devices. Third, the speed of water flow is higher, which depends on the kind of fish. You raise fish in warm water or even still water. You can't wash it with big water, can you This means that the circulating water flow is as large as possible on the water flow it can bear. To simulate natural water flow. Fourth, lazy people can't raise fish. Fish farmers must form the good habit of monitoring and checking the water quality and the living conditions of fish every day. This job is boring. But you have to do this. Carefully check the hydrological indexes such as pH value and nitrite content of water. Observe the body of the fish. Is there anything wrong with the shape and movement of the fish? Early detection of fish infection and prevention of infection. A friend who buys fish said that only those who sit in front of the fish tank for 1 or 2 hours after returning home every day and stare at the fish without blinking an eye can be counted as entering the territory. Changing some old water every three to seven days is the key to fish culture, but the stimulation of new water on the metabolism of fish and aquatic plants is also essential. 6. The control and disinfection of bait is extremely important for friends who feed natural live bait. Why can't you feed the fish with silkworms, but he didn't find any problems after using them. In this regard, please look at the origin of natural silk earthworms. In the sewage ditch next to the countryside or factory, the bottom sludge with a water depth of 3-5cm is the settlement of natural silk earthworm. As we all know, pesticide or industrial pollution in these places is extremely serious. In particular, earthworms are immune to cadmium and will be deposited in the body after absorption. Do you think such things are good for fish? Of course, it is not impossible to feed a small amount after disinfection and washing. But this disinfection and washing work must be done well.