Epidemiological features
Pathogenesis
Treatment
Unbroken frostbite can be used to promote blood circulation of drugs such as 10% camphor spiritus or tincture of chili pepper local rubbing. Folk use chili pepper decoction local scalding, have some effect. Can also be thick application of honey lard ointment (lard 30%, honey 70%), once a day. When it has become an ulcer, 5% boric acid ointment should be applied. Erythromycin ointment, 0.5% neomycin ointment three times a day and bandage. Recently, the compound mink oil antifreeze cream is used to prevent and control various types of frostbite. You can also use helium-neon laser irradiation treatment. Once a day. 10 times for a course of treatment, can prevent and control recurrence. Internal medicine can be used peripheral vasodilators such as niacin or vitamin E, nitrophenylpyridine 10-20mg, 3 times / day, on the prevention and treatment of this disease. Chinese medicine treatment is to warm the meridians, open the collaterals, activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, the formula is angelica four reversed soup or Yanghe Tang plus subtractions.
Prevention
Insist on physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and cold resistance. Pay attention to keep warm and dry in cold season, shoes and socks should not be too tight. Apply grease on the parts that are susceptible to cold to protect the skin. Eat more high-calorie foods rich in vitamins. It is not advisable to heat or bake with fire immediately after being frozen.
Clinical manifestations
This disease often occurs in the early winter, early spring season, most common in children, women and lack of activity or poor circulation in the periphery of the limbs of the people, preferably in the earwheel, earlobes, the tip of the nose, hands, feet and other parts. At the beginning, it is red or purplish red bruise erythema, the size of the damage varies and the boundary is not obvious, the red color can be faded by pressure, but the red color recovers slowly after removing the pressure. The skin temperature of the affected area decreases, itchy feeling, when heat is visible significant congestion, and burning, itching or pain. In severe cases, blisters or blisters and non-healing ulcers may appear on the affected area, and atrophic scars often remain after healing. Polymorphic erythema-like frostbite is mostly seen in young people, often occurring on the back of the hands and feet, symmetrical distribution, sparse presence, the number is slightly more. For the mung bean size purple-red spot, round or slightly round, its center is darker or slightly elevated to form blisters, similar to erythema multiforme, this type of frostbite can be present at the same time with the general type of frostbite.
Diagnosis
Every winter occurs, in the same area of the limited erythema or greenish-purple lumps, cold to the touch, pressure fading, itchy, exacerbated by heat, blisters, ulcers can appear in the severe cases. Differential diagnosis
Complications
Causes
Long-term exposure to cold, humid air, coupled with the patient's poor peripheral circulation for the onset of the main factors; lack of exercise, sweaty hands and feet, malnutrition, anemia, shoes and socks are too tight, outdoor work and chronic wasting disease, but also can be a cause of this disease. Cold is the main cause of the disease. The subcutaneous arteries at the site of freezing, due to cold stimulation and contraction, resulting in stagnant blood flow, tissue hypoxia, resulting in cellular damage. If the freezing time is longer, the arteries continue to spasm, resulting in the loss of vasoconstriction and venous stasis, capillary dilatation, increased permeability, plasma infiltration into the tissue interstitial space, resulting in localized edema, blister formation, and necrosis of the tissue.
What is the best way to make frostbite disappear as soon as possible? February 06, 2001 11:34 Sina Life
Q: I just got frostbite on my hands. It's really horrible, can you help me make it go away in the fastest way possible? (I just got it, just one finger now).
Dr. Wu answered: If it is just appeared and not broken yet, you can use 10% camphor ointment, or lard and honey ointment (70% honey and 30% lard) for external use, soak the local area with warm water first, then apply the medicine, and then rub the affected area repeatedly, 2-3 times a day.
If it has been broken, you need to use some anti-inflammatory ointment with it, such as Bactroban and Darvibon, to prevent infection.
If you are always prone to frostbite, you can take some vasodilating medicines to promote blood circulation, such as niacin and vitamin E. In addition, eating more mutton and dog meat can also prevent frostbite.
What to do if you get frostbite in the winter January 09, 2001 11:17 Gamma Doctor
Frostbite is a common winter condition that tends to occur in cold temperatures (below 10 degrees Celsius) and humid environments, recurring in the winter months, and healing itself when the weather warms up. Cold is the root cause of frostbite, so it is very important to be prepared for the cold when winter comes. Especially the hands, feet, ears and other extremities. And the recurrence rate of frostbite is very high, often "one year frostbite, year after year frostbite".
Why the same environment, some people have frostbite, some people are safe and sound?
First of all, this is related to the individual's physical condition, some people have vegetative nerve disorders, poor circulation in the extremities, sweaty hands and feet, that is easy to get frostbite. So it's important to strengthen your body and improve your ability to protect yourself from the cold. In addition, in winter, you can eat more lamb, chocolate and other high-calorie food, but also can eat wine, chili peppers and other sweating, in order to promote blood circulation.
When you have frostbite, you should keep warm. If the frostbite is only a hard knot, not broken, can be used chili tincture, hot alcohol scrub. If it has been broken, then we can use erythromycin ointment, lard and honey ointment rubbed and bandaged to promote its early healing. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine, such as angelica four reverse soup or Yanghe Tang and other blood circulation, and the product can also be used.
There are several remedies for frostbite that you can try.
One, 30 grams of rabbit hair, burned ash spare. External use of carrots boiled water to wash the affected area. Rabbit hair ash with sesame oil dressing the affected area, 1 to 2 times a day;
Second, 10 grams of water hyacinth, citrus peel 20 grams, ground into a fine powder, sesame oil dressing the affected area, once a day;
Third, honey in addition to the water 10 grams of net honey, boiled lard 2 grams, mixed into an ointment, external compresses the affected area, 1 time a day;
Fourth, cedarwood 20 grams, research into the finely powdered sprinkle compresses, 1 time a day, the second time with light salt water, the second time with light salt water. The second time to use, with light salt water to wash and re-compression, for 7 days;
5, persimmon skin calcined ash spare, with cooked vegetable oil dressing the affected area, 1 to 2 times a day.
Edit: small cold
Fruits and vegetables can also cure frostbite!
The following methods can be used to treat non-ulcerated frostbite
The radish method: cut the radish into thick slices, boiled while hot and applied to the affected area, cooled and replaced. It can be healed in 3-4 days.
Ginger method: ginger roasted on the fire hot, sliced and rubbed on the affected area, can reduce swelling and relieve itching; or ginger chopped, soaked in 70% alcohol, 20 days after the use of alcohol rubbed on the affected area, several times a day.
Apple method: apple peeled and crushed boiled cream, add a little camphor powder mixing coated with the affected area, 3 times a day.
Chili method: chili pepper surface sprinkled on the wound dampness pain relief cream, paste the affected area; or chili pepper 5, into the white wine 100 grams of soaking overnight, with this wine rubbing coated with the affected area, 2-3 times a day; or 25 grams of dried chili pepper, water decoction, wash the affected area for 15 minutes while it is still hot, can be swollen and itchy.
Eggplant root method: use eggplant root, dried chili pepper decoction, wash the affected area; or eggplant rod with the root of boiled water, wash the affected area while hot, 1-2 times a day.
Scallion method: scallion, eggplant root 100 grams each, decoction water to wash the affected area, 1-2 times a day.
Tangerine peel method: 3-4 fresh orange peel, 30 grams of ginger, add 2000 milliliters of water, decoction for 30 minutes, wait for the water to cool a little bit and then soak the affected area, each time for 30 minutes, the water is cool and then heated.
Hawthorn method: 120 grams of hawthorn, 2500 milliliters of water, decoction for 30 minutes to remove the dregs, hot wash the affected area, once a day.
The prevention and treatment of frostbite
The occurrence of frostbite is related to the external factors such as low temperature, humidity, wind speed, temperature difference, and more with the difference in the quality of the human body, the organization of the regulation of the adaptive capacity of the low temperature, the heart and the local peripheral blood circulation - microcirculation is poor.
Once you get frostbite, the tissue is damaged. In the spring, summer and fall, the body will repair itself, but it is difficult to completely repair these six or seven months. As a result, it tends to flare up again the following year.
The treatment of frostbite is mainly to improve the local microcirculation, improve the ability of the organization to engage in cold, so that the patient can get through the attack of the cold wave, the whole winter without hair or light hair, in order to reduce the period of damage, increase the period of repair, so that the following year does not occur. Generally one or two years without hair, that is considered cured.
Frostbite treatment method is more, can be divided into systemic treatment and local treatment. Systemic treatment: First, oral nicotinamide (N.A.A), scopolamine (654-2), atropine and other excitatory sympathetic nerve, vasodilator drugs. Second, oral vitamin E and other drugs, in order to improve the ability of blood vessels to cold stress. Third, oral warming meridians and collaterals of traditional Chinese medicine. Fourth, the use of the motherland medicine acupuncture, acupuncture, compresses the ear point heart and western medicine ganglion or local closed therapy. Fifth, the treatment of anemia and other chronic diseases, improve the quality of the human body. Local treatment: First, drug immersion therapy. Second, local application of various types of creams, ointments, tinctures, applications, ointments, etc.. Physical therapy, such as phototherapy (infrared, far-infrared, ultraviolet, laser, etc.), electrotherapy, thermotherapy, hydrotherapy, acoustic therapy, magnetotherapy, body therapy (massage, tuina) and so on. Various methods, can be a single application, can also be integrated.
Frostbite treatment should be different from person to person, due to different diseases, reasonable and appropriate treatment methods, often get twice the result with half the effort, slapdash treatment will not work. "Frostbite early treatment, before the first treatment", in order to achieve the purpose of not hair.
Frostbite and frostbite care
Frostbite is a disease known to almost everyone. Some people get frostbite year after year, and it can seriously affect their work, study and life. Frostbite usually occurs in a cold and humid environment of 3 to 5 degrees. Frostbite is not only very common in the north of China, but also not uncommon in East China, Central China and other places, one occurrence is often easy to re-emerge, which is related to the body's poor local blood circulation, or low resistance to cold.
Frostbite often occurs unknowingly, mostly in the exposed parts and ends of the limbs, such as ear shells, cheeks and hands and feet. At the beginning of the local skin redness, itching, followed by purple, swelling, and tingling when cold. Some blisters may form, and the blisters will crust over when they dry. After the scabs fall off and heal, the color of the skin in the affected area will deepen a bit.
Frostbite is a localized form of frostbite. Frostbite of the whole body occurs in cold areas of outdoor workers, occasionally seen in cold storage and other accidents. Whole body frostbite due to vasoconstriction of the surface of the body, pale skin, mild chills, severe can be unresponsive and even life-threatening. Frostbite should be rewarmed immediately after the occurrence of frostbite, the patient can be placed in 38 ~ 42 degrees of warm water, rewarming frostbite may also appear shock and cardiac and renal impairment, so still need to be sent to the hospital for treatment.
Nursing points
◆ The exposed skin should be protected during the winter season, such as using masks, gloves, and windproof earmuffs when going out. Applying a small amount of petroleum jelly can reduce the heat dissipation of the skin, and also has the effect of heat preservation. Shoes and socks size, elasticity should be appropriate, not too tight too small.
◆ Moisture can accelerate the dissemination of body heat, easy to frostbite, so we must keep clothing, shoes and socks dry, moisture should be replaced in a timely manner, is conducive to heat preservation.
◆ To avoid long-term static limbs, sit for a long time, stand for a long time to appropriate activities to promote blood circulation, reduce frostbite.
◆ People prone to frostbite in winter, in addition to skin blisters or ulcers, can be used ginger or chili pepper coated with parts prone to frostbite, 2 times a day, can reduce or avoid the occurrence of frostbite.
◆ The parts of the body that are already suffering from frostbite should be kept warm.
◆ 100-watt light bulb can also be used instead of infrared ray meter for irradiation therapy. And often massage to promote blood circulation. About 1 week later, the symptoms can disappear, the epidermis gradually fall off, without leaving scars.
◆ If the local in addition to the above symptoms, there are blisters, the larger available alcohol-free disinfectant (such as 1% Neosporin solution), etc., clean the affected area and the surrounding skin, use a syringe to suck out the seepage, and apply some antibacterial ointment to be bandaged. Small blisters do not need to be pierced, after 2 to 3 weeks, the blisters gradually dry up, the formation of black dry scabs, fall off the wound has healed.
◆ For the wound that has been ulcerated, you can first disinfect the surrounding normal skin, and then wash the wound with sterile warm saline, and then apply antimicrobial drugs to bandage it. And often check the healing of the wound and change the medication and bandage gauze, etc.
◆ The wound can be sterilized first and then cleaned with sterile warm salt water.
◆ Winter outdoor workers should pay attention to rest and nutrition to increase the ability to resist cold. Some people like to drink wine when they go out to block the cold, but after the wine blood vessel expansion, increase the body heat to the outside, but not conducive to cold, and easy to cause cold. The first thing you need to do is to get rid of the cold, and then you can start to get rid of the cold!