Zoology classifies animals with the same or similar characteristics into the same category according to their morphology, internal structure, embryonic development characteristics, physiological habits and geographical environment.

The animal kingdom can be divided into two categories.

In the animal kingdom, animals are divided into chordates and invertebrates according to whether they have chordates or not.

animal

chordate

Ankylosing animal

feather

Featherless

Youzu

No feet

bird

scaly

Scale-free

With wings

apterous

1. can fly

protozoan

insect

2. Can't fly

Fine

Finless

Have mammary glands

Absence of breast

insect

mollusc

fish

reptile

mammal

batrachians

Crustacean

1. Cartilage

1. Youzu

1. viviparous

1. has a tail

2. Hard bones

2. No feet

2. Non-viral

2. tailless

Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead

3. No feet

Vertebrates.

Features:

A spine consisting of a spine (notochord is only found in the embryo). The spine protects the spinal cord. Spine and other bones form the unique endoskeleton system of vertebrates.

There is an obvious head, and the front end of the dorsal nerve canal differentiates into the brain and other sensory organs, such as eyes and ears. The brain and sensory organs are concentrated in the head, which can enhance the animal's induction to the outside world.

The body is covered by epidermis and dermis. The skin has glands, and the skin of most vertebrates has protective structures such as scales, feathers and body hair.

There is a complete digestive system, tongue in the mouth, most teeth, liver and pancreas.

The circulatory system includes the heart, arteries, veins and blood vessels. The excretory system consists of two kidneys and a bladder. There are endocrine glands, which can regulate body function, growth and reproduction through hormones.

vertebrate

Vertebrates include fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals.

invertebrate

Invertebrates include protozoa, mollusks, worms, insects, crustaceans and so on. So invertebrates account for more than 90% of all animals in the world.

fish

Features:

Aquatic animals (can only live in water). Their skin is covered with scales and belongs to thermophiles. Heat-induced animals with fins (which can swim in water) and breathe through gills. In vitro fertilization. Mainly oviparous, some viviparous and ovoviviparous.

There are many kinds of fish, mainly divided into two categories.

cartilage

For example: sharks

Features:

Tough skin, tiny scales, no swim bladder, asymmetric caudal fin, five pairs of gills and no gill cover.

hard bone—person of indomitable will

For example: maw fish

Features:

The bones are hard, and the skin has many mucous glands, which are covered with bone scales. There are swim bladders.

reptile

Features:

Terrestrial animals. The skin is covered with scales or shields.

It has a waterproof skin to prevent water loss.

It belongs to a temperature-changing animal (changing body temperature by external temperature or heat source). It is mainly distributed in warmer areas of the earth.

In vivo fertilization, oviparous or viviparous. Lay eggs on land, and the eggs are wrapped in waterproof shells.

Classification of reptiles

Pod

For example: tortoise

Features:

It has a hard shell. The upper and lower jaws have no teeth, but they have horny sheaths. They are oviparous and can be divided into terrestrial, aquatic or marine organisms.

Amboda

For example: cobra

Features:

No limbs, shoulder straps and sternum. No active eyes, face and external auditory canal. The end of the tongue is forked and has strong elasticity. The skin has scales, and it can swallow prey larger than its own body diameter. The organs of snakes grow specially and the left lung degenerates. Snakes shed their skin regularly to facilitate their growth.

bird

Features:

The whole body is covered with feathers, the body is streamlined and has a horny beak.

The eyes are on both sides of the head, and the neck is long and flexible, which can turn 270 degrees.

The forelimbs are specialized into wings, and the hind limbs have scaly skin and four toes.

Warm-blooded animals (they can generate heat through their own physiological processes, and they can maintain a high and constant body temperature even if the outside temperature is very low). The average body temperature is about 10 degrees higher than that of mammals (average 42 degrees).

sow seeds

Classification of birds

fly

For example: swallowing

Features:

Winged, streamlined body, vigorous metabolism, free flight in the air, long-distance migration to adapt to the living environment.

No flying

For example: penguins

Features:

Its body is streamlined, its forelimbs have degenerated into swimming flippers, and its feathers are almost fish scales. It lives in the sea and has thick fat to resist the cold. It is an excellent player on the ice.

An Fei Li Ya (An Fei Li Ya)

Features:

You need to spend your childhood in the water.

It has a skeletal structure adapted to land, limbs, moist skin and many glands.

The body has no scales and body hair.

The tongue is forked, inverted and can extend outward.

Mating and fertilization are carried out in water.

Larvae breathe through gills, while adults breathe through skin, inner wall of mouth and lungs.

Classification of amphibians

tailless

For example: toad

Features:

There is a skeletal system adapted to land life, with a divided body, trunk and limbs. The forelimb has four toes, and the hind limb has five toes and webbed toes. The hind limbs are suitable for swimming and jumping, but the main respiratory organs are the inner wall of the mouth and the skin.

be full of promise

For example: Newt

Features:

It has a skeletal system adapted to land life. It is an amphibian with a slender body and a tail.

No feet

For example: fish salamander

mammal

Features:

There are many vertebrae connected in the body;

Full of hair, chewing and digesting with your mouth can improve the intake of energy and nutrition;

Viviparous (except platypus and echidna), breastfeeding;

Constant temperature. It can also keep the body temperature relatively constant when the environmental temperature changes, thus reducing the dependence on the external environment and expanding the distribution range;

The skull is bigger and the brain is quite developed, which surpasses other animals in intelligence and adaptation to the environment;

The inner limbs are strong and sensitive, and have the ability to move quickly;

The left and right ventricles of the heart are completely separated;

Teeth are divided into incisors, canines and buccal teeth.

Classification of mammals

Protozoa are characterized by laying eggs with shells. (e.g. platypus)

Post-mammalian characteristics have no real placenta, and young children develop in nursing bags. (example: kangaroo)

Real mammals are characterized by placenta, which is produced after the fetus is fully developed, accounting for the vast majority of mammals and divided into fourteen categories.

Insect-eating animals (such as moles)

Scales (such as pangolins)

Chiroptera (such as bats)

Rabbits (such as rabbits)

Rodents (such as mice and porcupines)

Toothless animals (such as anteaters)

Carnivores (such as lions, dogs, pandas)

Pinnipeds (such as sea lions, seals, walruses)

Manatees (such as manatees)

Cetaceans (such as dolphins and whales)

Long nose (e.g. elephant)

Dentopods (such as zebras and rhinoceroses)

Artiodactyls (such as hippos, cows, pigs, deer, camels)

Primates (such as orangutans, monkeys, humans)

For example, a lion

Features:

It belongs to the carnivorous family. It is a large animal with retractable claws, good at jumping, well-developed canine teeth and good at ambushing other animals.

For example, an elephant

Features:

It is the largest living land animal. Its ears are wide and flat, its nose is long, it can help to eat, its body hair degenerates, and its soles have thick elastic tissue pads to support its weight. Its upper incisors are particularly developed and grow outside the body. Its food is mainly plants.

Example: anteater

Features:

The forelimb has two or three fingers, which are used to dig ant nests. They have no front teeth, long tubular snouts, sticky tongues and long hairy tails. They live in grasslands and swamps, are good at swimming and feed on termites and ants.

For example: bats

Features:

Forelimb specialization, phalanx specialization. There is a thin and tough wing membrane between the phalanx and both sides and hind limbs, which is used as a flying organ. The hind legs have claws, and you can stand upside down. The sternum is prominent and the clavicle is developed, which is conducive to flying. Most bats like insects and are good at preying on flying insects, while a few eat fruits.

For example: dolphins

Features:

Marine mammals, and freshwater species. Dolphins are toothed whales, with a linear body and a neck that is difficult to distinguish. The cervical vertebra has healed. The head is pointed and long, with an endoplasmic dorsal fin. Forelegs are specialized into wide paddles. They have no hind legs, long tails and horizontally forked tail fins.

For example: apes

Features:

The thumb is opposite to other fingers, suitable for climbing and carrying things. The clavicle is developed, with body hair (except palms), developed nails, brain and sensory organs, eyes forward, bony eye sockets, and close to human behavior.

protozoan

Features:

Single-celled animals, with very simple body structure, can eat, move, reproduce and die. Animals with very small bodies can only be observed with a microscope and inhabit fresh water, sea water or body fluids of other animals, such as amoeba.

mollusc

Mollusks are a very successful biological category with various shapes, including all "shellfish", octopus and squid. Most mollusks live in the sea, some live at the junction of salty fresh water or fresh water, and some live on land.

Features:

The body is soft, unsegmented and symmetrical, and the dorsal cortex extends down to the mantle, covering most of the body. Mollusks' shells are secreted by epithelial cells in the mantle.

Most mollusks have one or two shells, such as snails and clams.

Others degenerate into an inner shell and hide under the mantle, such as cuttlefish.

Some kinds of shells will disappear completely, such as gymbranchia.

insect

Features:

The body is soft and divided into links, and each link has a pair of excretors, such as earthworms and nereis.

Soft and round body, parasitic in animals or plants, such as roundworms and pinworms.

arthropod

Arthropods are the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, with the largest number of animal species, accounting for about 85% of all animal species. They have strong adaptability to the environment, and their living places include seawater, fresh water, mountains, air, soil, and even animals and plants inside and outside.

Main features:

Both sides of the body are symmetrical, and the body is segmented, but some body segments merge into special parts, such as the head and chest. Some arthropods, such as spiders, further fuse their heads and chests into heads and chests. The appendages of the body, such as feet, tentacles and mouthparts, are segmented.

The body wall is hard, mainly composed of chitin, which can provide protection and can also be used as an exoskeleton. Arthropods need to molt many times during the growing period because the body wall is hard and hinders growth.

The sensory system is well developed. There are two kinds of eyes: monocular and compound. The compound eye is used to see things, and the single eye is used to receive light. In addition, there are organs of touch, taste, smell, hearing and balance, and many insects have special vocal organs.

The respiratory system of arthropods is very diverse. They can breathe through the body surface, gills (aquatic) and trachea (terrestrial). Spiders and other animals breathe through the lungs.

Classification of arthropods:

crustacea

Example: shrimp, crab.

Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead

For example: spiders and scorpions.

insect

For example: butterflies

myriopod

For example: centipede

Feeling:

I spent a lot of time and energy looking for animal species and photos, but I think it's all worthwhile, because I have read many books and pages about animals and insects, which I find interesting and learned a lot about animals.

I also learned that zoologists classify animals according to their different characteristics and living habits. The largest terrestrial animal is the extinct Tyrannosaurus Rex. Now the largest is the elephant and the smallest is the amoeba, which can only be seen with a microscope. I also learned that amphibians grow in water when they are young and live on land when they grow up. Some animals used to be classified as the same kind, but now I know they are the second kind of animals.

I also found that everything we eat is living things, and all animals eat living things. Most animals are useful to us, but many animals, especially mammals, are on the verge of extinction because of our capture and killing.

In order to balance the natural ecology, we should not cut down trees at will, but cherish nature. We shouldn't kill animals, because all animals are living animals like humans.

Animal classification

Parafauna-subphylum of lateral animals

Protozoan subboundary

Protozoa.-Protozoa

Orthoptera Orthoptera

Rhomboid.-Rhomboid

Metazoan subboundary

Porous animals-Polypods (Sponges)

Placozoa-Platycladus

Radiation-radiation symmetrical animal

Echinoderma

Ctenomedusae-Ctenomedusae

Bilateral symmetrical animals

Protozoa phylum-protozoa super phylum

Branchiopod phylum

Internal anal gate

Cavernous phylum

Flat animal-Flat animal (Flat animal)

nematoda

Pseudolacuna animal

Nematode-Nematode (Ascaris)

Linear phylum of Nematoda

Rotifer-rotifer (rotifer)

Echinocephala-Echinocephala

Kinorhyncha- animal phylum

eucaryon

Gastropoda-Gastropoda

Palatal fauna

Micrognathus

Armored phylum

Ring door

Mollusca-Mollusca (Mollusca)

Stellaria-Stellaria

Insect subclass

Pogostemon cablin-Polypodiaceae

Five-mouth animal

Annexure-Annexure (Arthropoda)

Tardigrada-Tardigrada (water bear worm)

Clawed turtle fauna

Arthropoda-Arthropoda (insects, etc. )

Bristles

Paederus-Lepidoptera

Fauna of External Anal (bryozoa Gate)

Brachiopod phylum

Metazoa

Echinoderma-Echinoderma

Chaetognathus-Chaetognathus (Archaean)

Semi-chordata- semi-Chordata

Chordata-Chordata (vertebrates, etc. )

Phylogenetic tree

Protozoa (protocells) |

-

| | | | | - |

Fungi, plants, floating larvae, protozoa, platypus, porous animals.

|

-

| |

Animals with radial symmetry, animals with bilateral symmetry

/ \

Ctenophora spinosa |-.

|

-

| | | | |

Anacoeloma, coeloma, eucoeloma, anal animal, gill-dragging animal.

/ \ | |

Flat animals button animals ||

- |

| | | | | |

Nematodes, linear animals, kissing animals, echinoderms, wheel animals |

|

|

-

| | | |

Hairy jaw tentacle Shuang Ye larva bear wheel

/ | \

Broom animal external anal animal brachiopod ||

| -

| | | | | | |

Mollusks arthropods slow-moving animals stellate annelids ungulates.

| / \

Wrist foot | wrist foot | wrist foot

|

-

| | |

Echinoderm, Chordata, Hemiechina.

/ | \

Chordata | cephalochordates

vertebrate

/ | \

Amphibians | fish

|

reptile

/ \

Mammalian bird

|

mankind