Category: Healthcare

Description of the problem:

I usually always have diarrhea, every morning in the WC more than 10 minutes, and every day diarrhea.

I usually have diarrhea.

Ans:

Hello;

Diarrhea is the discharge of abnormally thin stools, or contain undigested food, or even pus and blood, and frequent bowel movements, accompanied by a sense of urgency to defecate, *** around the discomfort, incontinence and other symptoms. Diarrhea is rarely a symptom of serious illness and usually does not require special treatment. However, because diarrhea will lose a large amount of intestinal fluid, repeated diarrhea can be caused by electrolyte disorders in the blood, especially excessive loss of potassium ions, resulting in general discomfort. If diarrhea persists or is accompanied by pus and blood stools, violent vomiting or high fever, you should go to an immediate hospital.

I. Points for self-diagnosis of diarrhea

Accompanying symptoms

Possible diagnosis

Acute diarrhea, watery stools, which may be accompanied (or not) by fever, pain around the umbilicus Gastroenteritis, most often caused by the consumption of unclean, spoiled or use of allergic foods

Acute diarrhea with fever and other systemic symptoms, and found that there is pus and blood in the stool. Bacterial dysentery, amoebic dysentery, but can not rule out ulcerative colitis

Chronic diarrhea with fever is common in chronic dysentery, schistosomiasis, intestinal tuberculosis and colon cancer

Chronic diarrhea with intermittent constipation Colon allergies, rectal or colon polyps, but also to rule out colon cancer

Stools are saucy-red or blood-watery, containing pus and blood in small pieces, and the amount of large and bad smell Acute amoebic dysentery

The feces are voluminous, foul smelling, and greasy grayish-white in color, usually due to impaired digestion and absorption of fats

Severe diarrhea accompanied by severe vomiting, fever, and dehydration, with feces in the form of rice slop, may be dangerous, possibly due to cholera and paracholera

Causes and treatments for common forms of diarrhea

The summer months are the most common season for dysentery, and this is the time when salmonella enteritis is a major cause of dysentery. At this time, salmonella enteritis, rotavirus-induced diarrhea has also reached its peak incidence. Due to the three clinically have abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms, easy to confuse the diagnosis. In addition, bacillary dysentery and salmonella enteritis differ in the use of antibiotics, while rotavirus diarrhea does not require antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to differentiate between the three for timely treatment.

Bacteriophageal dysentery is caused by the consumption of unclean food, such as vegetables, fruits, etc., and is rare in young children less than 1 year old, the first symptom is diarrhea and then vomiting, and at the same time, there is abdominal pain, mainly in the lower left abdomen, diarrhea is characterized by frequent stools, more than ten times a day, or even more, but the amount of stools is small, and the nature of the stool is mucus or pus and blood stools, the urgency of the weight is obvious, the stool microscope is full of visual field of leukocytes, and the ambassador's culture can be found Shigella. Shigella can be detected. Haloperidol is currently the best antidysenteric drug.

Salmonella enteritis is caused by the consumption of unclean food, such as milk, eggs, poultry, offal, etc., and is more common in young children under 1 year old. The first symptom is vomiting and then diarrhea, often with vomiting, with abdominal pain around the umbilicus mainly, daily stool in 3-10 times, stool volume, stool character for watery with mucus, after the rush is not obvious, stool microscopy leukocyte total number of normal, stool culture can be found in Salmonella, the treatment of drugs used in the cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol, benzylpenicillin or the third generation of cephalosporins.

Rotavirus is the main pathogen of non-bacterial diarrhea in young children under 6 years of age, with the highest incidence in children aged 6 months to 2 years. Rotavirus diarrhea first symptoms are vomiting, coughing, diarrhea 3-10 times a day, stools are dilute, watery or egg-like. There is a sour odor, no mucus or pus or blood, stool microscopy and stool culture are negative, blood is not high, and viral testing can isolate rotavirus. If there is no secondary bacterial infection, antimicrobial drugs can be dispensed with.

Grabbing the "belly tendons" to treat diarrhea

The diarrhea caused by cold, can be used to grab the "belly tendons" method of treatment. Let the patient lying prone on the bed, can be in the patient's two shoulder blades on the inner side of each grab a thicker tendon "that is, belly tendon". Grab this tendon to lift up, and then violently release, so that the left and right as several times, there will be a miraculous effect.

What is diarrhea?

Diarrhea is a common symptom of digestive disorders, refers to the number of bowel movements more than usual, thin feces, increased water content, and sometimes increased fat, with indigestible material, or containing pus and blood. Normal people usually defecate once a day, and individuals defecate once every 2 to 3 days, or 2 to 3 times a day, and the feces are formed, should not be called diarrhea. It is worth noting that the elderly and post-surgical patients often occur rectal constipation, this time due to fecal inclusions in the rectal cavity, *** rectal mucosa, there can be an increase in the number of bowel movements, and accompanied by a sense of urgency, and sometimes there is mucus discharge, should not be classified as diarrhea, which in fact, is a serious constipation, this constipation enema or hand digging to help defecate, medically referred to as pseudo-diarrhea.

How is diarrhea classified?

Diarrhea is a symptom, its pathogenesis is quite complex, caused by diarrhea of the disease is also a lot of, therefore, diarrhea has a variety of different classifications:

(1) according to the duration of the disease, is divided into acute diarrhea and chronic diarrhea two.

Acute diarrhea is defined as an increase in the number of bowel movements and varying degrees of loose stools, often accompanied by abdominal pain due to intestinal cramps, the duration of the disease in less than two months; clinically, such as diarrhea persists or repeated for more than two months, can be called chronic diarrhea. Of course, this distinction is artificial, more than two months of diarrhea can certainly be called chronic diarrhea, but the history of less than two months may not be all acute, some of these cases may be the early stage of chronic diarrhea, or the clinical manifestations of the first episode of chronic cases, in the actual diagnosis, must be cross-referenced with acute diarrhea.

(2) According to the characteristics of pathophysiology, it can be divided into:

a Exudative diarrhea

b Secretory diarrhea

c Osmotic diarrhea

d Malabsorptive diarrhea

e Accelerated diarrhea with gastrointestinal peristalsis

(3) According to anatomical location, it can be divided into:

a Gastric diarrhea

b Enterogenous diarrhea

b Intestinal diarrhea

c Pancreatic diarrhea

d Endocrine diarrhea

e Functional diarrhea

Among them, intestinal diarrhea can be divided into different etiological causes:

a pathogenic infectious diarrhea

b Inflammatory non-infectious diarrhea

c Tumor diarrhea

d Dyspeptic and malabsorptive diarrhea

e Food (toxic, allergic) diarrhea

f Drug-induced or chemical-toxic diarrhea

g Functional diarrhea

What underlies the pathogenesis of diarrhea?

Diarrhea is mainly the result of disturbances in gastrointestinal secretion, digestion, absorption, and motility caused by viruses, bacteria, food toxins or chemical poisons, drug effects, intestinal allergies, and systemic diseases.

We know that the human body ingests food and other substances, after digestion and decomposition by the gastrointestinal tract, the useful part is absorbed, and the useless residue is discharged by the feces. Normal human daily intake of diet and from a variety of digestive glands (such as salivary glands, pancreas, etc.) and gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial cells secreted into the digestive tract of digestive juices and water, the total amount of about 9L, and contains a large number of electrolytes, generally within 24 hours, the jejunum absorbs water 3 ~ 5L, the ileum 2 ~ 4L, into the colon is only about 1 ~ 2L, and most of them are absorbed by the colon, and ultimately with the feces discharged water is only 100 ~ 150ml, and a small amount of electrolytes discharged by feces. 150 ml of water is eventually excreted in the feces, along with a small amount of electrolytes. Due to the strong potential of intestinal absorption of water, the water content of normal human feces is generally stable and will not be affected by the amount of water consumed. In the lumen of the upper part of the small intestine, due to the differences in the quality and quantity of coeliac and the amount of electrolyte content, its osmotic pressure can be hypertonic or hypotonic, and water is constantly infiltrated into the intestinal lumen by the plasma or absorbed from the intestinal lumen into the plasma, so that the osmosis between the plasma and the intestinal lumen maintains a dynamic equilibrium.

The pathogenesis of diarrhea is based on the dysfunction or disorder of the gastrointestinal tract's secretion, digestion, absorption and motility, resulting in increased secretion, incomplete digestion, decreased absorption and/or accelerated motility, etc., which ultimately leads to thin feces, which may contain ooze, and an increase in the frequency of stools and the formation of diarrhea.

How can I infer a disease based on a symptom of diarrhea?

Diarrhea, when combined with the patient's history, symptoms, signs and other aspects of the performance, can help to further speculate on the cause of diarrhea.

(1) from the age of analysis: children's diarrhea is mostly rotavirus infection, disaccharidases, congenital chlorotic diarrhea, mesenteric lymphoid tuberculosis and pancreatic fibrocystic degeneration; diarrhea in young adults is mostly functional diarrhea and ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis; diarrhea in the middle-aged or elderly is often colorectal cancer.

(2) From gender analysis: functional diarrhea caused by hyperthyroidism is mostly seen in women, while colonic diverticulum and colon cancer are mostly seen in men.

(3) from the origin and occupation analysis: living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River around the farmers and fishermen, frequent contact with infected water, diarrhea should be considered the possibility of schistosomiasis infection.

(4) from the onset and duration of the analysis: the onset of acute, short duration and frequent diarrhea, should be considered a variety of causes of diarrhea, such as rotavirus infection, salmonella infection, bacillary dysentery, Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, staphylococcal enterotoxin food poisoning, amebiasis, intestinal metaplasia, as well as the role of drugs and chemical poisoning, etc.. If the history of more than 2 years, the possibility of colon cancer caused by less; if the history of several years to decades long, common in functional diarrhea, schistosomiasis, ulcerative colitis and clonus disease; if diarrhea is intermittent episodes, common in functional diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome and diverticulitis of the colon, etc..

(5) from the analysis of gastrointestinal symptoms: from the gastrointestinal symptoms presented by the patient, especially diarrhea, it can be assumed that the lesion site in the small intestine or colon. If the patient has frequent bowel movements, there is a sense of urgency and heaviness, the amount of each bowel movement is small, and sometimes even only some gas or a small amount of mucus without fecal matter, the feces are darker in color, dilute, jelly-like, with or without blood visible to the naked eye, the stench is not heavy, accompanied by persistent pain in the lower abdomen or the left lower abdomen, the abdominal pain in the stool can be relieved a little bit, the diarrhea lesion is located in the rectum and (or) the sigmoid colon.

If the diarrhea has no symptoms of urgency, the feces are pale, copious, watery, foamy or greasy, foul-smelling, with no blood or pus visible to the naked eye, but contain indigestible food residue, with intermittent colicky pain around the umbilicus or confined to the right lower abdomen, and with hyperactive intestinal sounds, the diarrhea is located in the small intestine.

If the number of bowel movements in 24 hours in more than 10 times, or even up to dozens of acute diarrhea, commonly caused by acute infections of secretory diarrhea, such as cholera and exudative diarrhea such as bacillary dysentery. Chronic diarrhea, which occurs several times a day, can be seen in many diseases, such as chronic bacillary dysentery, chronic amoebic enteropathy, schistosomiasis, ulcerative colitis, rectal and colon cancer, and irritable bowel syndrome.

If diarrhea and constipation occur alternately, it can be seen in ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis, colon cancer, incomplete intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis of the colon, constipation and laxative habit and intestinal irritability syndrome, the latter in the constipation, the stool is like "cow dung" with mucus and no pus and blood.

If the diarrhea is related to meals, the diarrhea can be stopped after fasting, which is commonly associated with increased osmotic pressure of intestinal contents, abnormal permeability of the mucous membrane, and accelerated intestinal peristalsis.

If the diarrhea occurs early in the morning or after a meal, it is commonly associated with intestinal irritability syndrome; if the diarrhea occurs at night and wakes the patient from sleep, it is often suggested that it is caused by organic disease.

(6) Analysis of systemic symptoms: if diarrhea is accompanied by fever, it should be considered as the first cause of intestinal infections, except for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and advanced intestinal cancer. If the patient is significantly emaciated or malnourished, it is common in small intestinal diarrhea, such as pancreatogenic diarrhea, short-circuit formation in gastrointestinal tract or other absorption defect lesions, etc., and it is rare to see in colonic diarrhea, but malignant disease can be seen in colon cancer, which should be an exception. If the diarrhea is accompanied by insomnia, forgetfulness, inattention, etc., and the symptoms are often shifted with the mood and can be temporarily relieved by hints, this kind of diarrhea is common in the intestinal irritability syndrome.

(7) from the analysis of abdominal signs: chronic diarrhea patients, such as abdominal palpable mass, often suggesting a tumor or inflammatory disease. If the mass is located in the left lower abdomen, it should be suspected that the left half of the colon cancer, sigmoid diverticulitis or cancer caused by narrowing of the intestinal lumen caused by fecal congestion. If the mass is located in the right lower abdomen, right-sided colon cancer, amoebic or schistosomal granulomas, intestinal tuberculosis, Crohn's disease and actinomycosis should be suspected. Masses formed by colitis and pericolitis are softer than those formed by carcinoma and have marked tenderness. In the case of colonic spasm, a palpable segment of bowel may appear and disappear, and is infrequent, which can be differentiated from masses caused by organic lesions. If abdominal tenderness is obvious, it can be seen in Crohn's disease, colonic diverticulitis and pelvic or appendiceal abscess. If the abdomen is distended and accompanied by bowel sounds, it often suggests the presence of intestinal obstruction.

(8) Rectal diagnosis: Rectal diagnosis is simple and easy to carry out, and it can find out whether there is any lesion in the perianal area and whether there is any stenosis, cancer or fecal stone in the rectum, so rectal diagnosis is of direct diagnosis for patients with diarrhea caused by rectal cancer. When the finger touches the hard and immovable nodular mass, and the finger sleeve is stained with blood, it is often suggestive of rectal cancer.

What are the risks of diarrhea?

The harm caused by diarrhea to the human body is multi-faceted:

(1) diarrhea can cause malnutrition: as we all know, the gastrointestinal tract is the only way for the human body to absorb nutrients, intake of food and other nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract, digestion and decomposition, the useful part of the absorbed, the useless residue by the fecal discharge. When diarrhea, the body's absorption of nutrients occurs a serious obstacle, the energy supply is insufficient, so that people feel dizzy, dry mouth, tired limbs, panic and shortness of breath, and even malnutrition performance.

(2) diarrhea can lead to vitamin deficiency: long-term diarrhea can directly affect the body's absorption of vitamins, causing vitamin deficiency. Some people have diarrhea for a long time after the appearance of dry skin and hair, hair loss of normal luster and moisturizing, between the scattered shedding, resulting in premature baldness, which is caused by the lack of vitamin A; and, for example, some people appeared to be lingual inflammation, stomatitis, polyneuritis, which is the lack of vitamin B results.

(3) diarrhea can cause anemia: due to digestive and absorption disorders, protein and other hematopoietic raw materials absorption is reduced, can cause anemia, nails, palms, skin, and lips, and eyelids and conjunctiva and other pale color, fatigue, fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus, inattentiveness and other symptoms of anemia, and even dystrophic edema can occur.

(4) diarrhea can reduce the body's resistance: diarrhea caused by malnutrition, anemia and vitamin deficiencies, etc., can make the body of infectious diseases and a variety of infections weakened resistance, inflammation is easy to spread, but also to make the tissue regeneration and healing ability of the trauma weakened, the wound is not easy to heal the wound after the injury.

(5) diarrhea can cause water, electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance disorders: small intestinal mucosal lesions can directly affect the body's absorption of water, the high osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen will make part of the water in the blood to the intestinal lumen to transfer, and finally discharged by the feces, so that the body lost a lot of water. When the water loss does not exceed 5% of body weight, the body can still compensate. Once more than 5% will not be able to compensate, thus appearing a series of water, electrolyte imbalance and acid-base balance disorder phenomenon.

When diarrhea, the body not only loses a lot of water and nutrients, but also loses a lot of electrolytes that are important to the body's functional activities, such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. If the loss exceeds a certain limit, there will be corresponding body dysfunction. For example, in potassium deficiency, cardiac arrhythmia, generalized weakness, weak or absent reflexes, and even respiratory muscle paralysis and intestinal paralysis and a series of symptoms of potassium deficiency.

Normally, carbon dioxide produced by metabolism in the body is discharged through respiration, and the rest of the waste products need to be transported by water and discharged out of the body through the kidneys by urine. Dehydration when the amount of urine due to the loss of water in the body and reduce, or even no urine, which will make the body metabolism produced by the waste discharge is reduced, and accumulation in the body, so that the body to occur poisoning symptoms, known as "acidosis". In addition to respiratory changes, the clinical manifestations include fatigue and weakness and neurologic symptoms.

Dehydration, electrolyte disorders and acidosis can cause serious damage to the body, and if not rescued in time, it can be life-threatening.

Diarrhea is particularly damaging to the elderly. Elderly people due to weak resistance, more young adults are prone to diarrhea, if you think that diarrhea is a small disease, do not seek medical attention in a timely manner, it is easy to become a big disease, a serious health hazard, and even sudden death. This is because the elderly acute diarrhea prone to hypoglycemia, cardiac and cerebrovascular accidents and other complications. Diarrhea when eating less is the norm, insufficient intake is required to break down the body's stored liver glycogen to maintain blood sugar stability, and the elderly do not have enough liver glycogen stores into sugar. The normal fasting blood glucose concentration is 4.4-6.7mmol/L. When blood glucose is lower than 3mmol/L, a series of hypoglycemic symptoms such as weakness, sweating, palpitations, pallor and fainting will occur. Low blood sugar can also cause deep coma and sudden death.

A large amount of water loss during diarrhea can put the body in a dehydrated state, leading to a decrease in blood volume, an increase in blood viscosity, and slow blood flow, which makes it easy to form blood clots and block blood vessels. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, can maintain the blood acid-base balance, nerve conduction function and heartbeat rhythm, diarrhea, these cations lack, can cause serious heart rhythm disorders, which is suffering from cardiovascular disease, the elderly is more unfavorable.

Therefore, the elderly once diarrhea, do not take it lightly, should be timely medical care.

Why can't you just apply antibiotics to diarrhea?

Some people believe that diarrhea is inevitably a bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore, once they encounter diarrhea, they will use antibiotics to treat it, such as safranin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, haloperidol, and so on.

Admittedly, cholera, dysentery and part of the enteritis caused by E. coli infection, is indeed a bacterial infection, treatment often need to apply antibacterial drugs. However, diarrhea may not be all caused by bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract, such as: abdominal cold caused by peristalsis accelerated; dairy, fish, shrimp and crab food allergies caused by intestinal metamorphosis; pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, pancreatic cancer, etc.; bile discharged to reduce the lack of double glucose enzyme so that there is a large number of undigested and can not be absorbed in the intestinal lumen of the solute, resulting in hyperosmolar diarrhea; out of the travel or moving out of the country to live, and some people because the The change of living environment makes the living environment of the normal intestinal flora changed, thus occurring "dysbiosis" caused by anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain and even diarrhea and other symptoms; some infants due to dietary inappropriateness, supplemental food increased too fast and too much, resulting in diarrhea, etc., etc., etc., etc.. Diarrhea such as this does not have the presence of bacterial infection. There are also some diarrhea, such as infants and young children in autumn and winter diarrhea, adults and older children in the summer "epidemic diarrhea" and mycosis enterocolitica, etc. are not usually referred to as a bacterial infection. Among them, fall and winter diarrhea in infants and young children and summer "epidemic diarrhea" are caused by viral infections, while mycosis enterocolitica is caused by a type of mycobacteria that is completely different from the characteristics of various common bacteria. Since the pathogen is different, the treatment should not be exactly the same, so the application of antibacterial drugs should be careful.

Many antibiotics, especially after oral intake, can cause varying degrees of gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or loss of appetite, and even affect the liver, kidneys and hematopoietic function, which broad-spectrum antibiotics caused by gastrointestinal side effects are more serious. The reason, in addition to chemical *** factors (chemical *** sex and dose-related), broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause the body's flora imbalance and lead to secondary infection is another important factor.

Dual infections, also known as dysbiosis. Under normal circumstances, people are in a huge microbial survival environment, the human skin mucous membrane and the outside world connected to the cavity, such as the oral cavity, nose, pharynx, intestines, etc., are parasitized with a certain number of bacteria, the number of bacteria, and the human body is both interdependent and constraints on the human body is not only harmless, but also beneficial. The normal intestinal flora, in the process of digestion and absorption of food plays an important role in promoting, and, the normal intestinal flora also has a strong inhibitory effect on the harm to human health pathogenic bacteria, can effectively inhibit their growth and reproduction, which is very important to the human body, known as the ecological balance in the medical field.

The application of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics, tends to inhibit the sensitive bacteria everywhere in the body, while drug-resistant bacteria take the opportunity to reproduce and grow in the body, resulting in a twofold infection. In other words, the original use of antibiotics to kill pathogenic bacteria, the result back to more serious bacterial infections, which, drug-resistant staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacilli is the main pathogen of secondary infections. The main form of secondary infection caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is enteritis, which can be seen in the process of broad-spectrum antibiotics caused by secondary infections often aggravate diarrhea.

In addition, the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics so that many bacteria in the intestinal tract is inhibited, some of these bacteria have the ability to synthesize vitamin B and vitamin K. Therefore, the dysbiosis may lead to vitamin B complex deficiency, which can appear nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the number of bowel movements, an increase in the amount of water in the stool thin, or with pus, blood, fat and other abnormal components, often accompanied by intestinal tinnitus and abdominal pain.

Acute diarrhea refers to the duration of the disease within 2 months. The main cause of diarrhea is fast intestinal peristalsis, water in the intestines too late to be completely absorbed, but also excessive intestinal secretion, digestion and absorption disorders caused.

Acute diarrhea is mostly caused by bacterial infections, such as enteritis, dysentery, but also due to overeating, hot and cold disorders, indigestion caused by simple diarrhea.

(I) Differential diagnosis of acute diarrhea

(1) Diarrhea with acute and severe, mostly rectal lesions; paroxysmal pain around the navel, watery stools, abdominal tinnitus, mostly small bowel lesions.

(2) Diarrhea with vomiting, mostly gastroenteritis, food poisoning.

(3) With fever, abdominal pain, seen in acute bacillary dysentery.

(4) Prolonged treatment with antibiotics or hormones should be considered simple diarrhea with dysbiosis.

(5) Accompanied by a rash, see allergic enteritis.

(6) A daily stool volume greater than 1000 milliliters is considered secretory diarrhea.

(7) Rice soup-like stools are seen in cholera and paracholera; pus and blood stools are seen in amoebic dysentery, bacillary dysentery, and colorectal cancer; steatorrhea with a foul odor and bubbles; wash water is acute hemorrhagic enterocolitis; and eggdrop soup is pseudomembranous enteritis.

(2) Acute diarrhea rescue measures

(1) first consider the relationship between diarrhea and the food eaten, leaving food specimens to exclude the possibility of food poisoning. Leave stool specimens in time to send laboratory tests to identify the cause of the disease and then treat the symptoms.

(2) Temporary fasting, pay attention to abdominal warmth. In order to prevent dehydration encourage drinking more light saline (with a small amount of sugar). Has occurred thirst, urine, dry wrinkled skin, double sunken symptoms of dehydration, in addition to oral saline, severe vomiting can not drink or has been dehydrated patients, to actively carry out intravenous rehydration.

(3) Diarrhea for infectious, to oral antibacterial drugs, such as xanthin, tetracycline

(4) Abdominal pain can be treated with atropine, 654?2, belladonna tablets, and give local hot compresses.

(5) Diarrhea is more intense can be appropriate to give astringent antidiarrheal drugs, tannin, light tea, toasted steamed bread slices and so on.

(6) Indigestion of diarrhea can take lactasepsin and other drugs.

(7) After the above treatment does not work, the patient goes to the hospital as soon as possible.

What is diarrhea and is it related to *** disease?

Diarrhea is generally considered to be the most common symptom of colorectal disease. Its specific manifestations for the number of stools, changes in traits, such as increased frequency of defecation, loose stools, shape, color, smell and so on have changed, containing pus and blood, mucus, undigested food, fat, or become a yellow dilute water, green dilute paste, the taste of sour and stinky; stools with abdominal pain, falling, after the rush, *** burning and other symptoms.

Diarrhea is associated with many diseases of the *** disease:

Such as chronic or long-term diarrhea, which can lead to *** perirectal abscesses, the formation of anal fistula. Diarrhea *** can cause anal fissure pain aggravation, diarrhea can form *** part of the congestion, feces *** make hemorrhoids mucosal edema, with the feces out of the *** outside, the formation of incarcerated hemorrhoids or inflammatory external hemorrhoids. Long-term diarrhea can also lead to rectal prolapse and a series of lesions.

In addition, diarrhea for a long time can also lead to *** disease systemic symptoms, such as anemia, wasting, fatigue, fatigue and so on.

How does Western medicine recognize diarrhea?

Western medicine on the view of diarrhea, in general, there are the following points:

① infection: that is, due to decay and spoilage of food, parasitic bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and helminthic parasites, so that the food, through the oral cavity into the digestive tract, or the abdomen by the hot and cold *** too strong, so that intestinal flora imbalance can be caused by abdominal pain, diarrhea.

② gastrointestinal tumors and inflammation: advanced gastric cancer, rectal cancer, chronic gastroenteritis, chronic ulcerative colitis, intestinal Crohn's disease, etc., can cause acute and chronic exudative diarrhea.

It can be seen in the feces with exudate, mucus and pus and blood, and the frequency of defecation is increased, but there is no growth of pathogenic bacteria in fecal culture.

③ Abnormal intestinal movement, hyperperistalsis: some intestinal diseases such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, etc. can make the colon hyperperistalsis and diarrhea; in addition, serotonin secreted by carcinoid syndrome, histamine secreted by mast cell hyperplasia, gastrin secreted by gastrinoma, and prostaglandins, serotonin and hypocretin secreted by medullary carcinoma of thyroid, etc., can increase intestinal peristalsis and cause diarrhea.

Excessive tension in work and study, mental *** too strong, can make the gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, diarrhea. In addition, colon allergy can also lead to diarrhea.

Some drugs that inhibit the sympathetic nerves and excite the parasympathetic nerves can also cause diarrhea.

④ Intestinal fat malabsorption: This type of diarrhea is yellowish or grayish, greasy and pasty, with a foul smell.

⑤ Poisoning: food poisoning, as well as food poisoning caused by bacterial exotoxins, mushrooms poisoning, puffer fish poisoning, etc., causing diarrhea.

Arsenic, mercury, alcohol, tetracycline, erythromycin and other chemical poisoning, can also cause diarrhea.

Milk, fish, meat, shrimp, crab allergy, can also occur diarrhea.

What are the western medical treatments for diarrhea?

Symptomatic treatment is the main means of treating diarrhea in Western medicine.

① Antibiotics: For those who are clearly diagnosed with bacterial infection, antibiotics should be used in a timely manner.

② astringent antidiarrheal drugs: choose sodium hypocarbonate, aluminum hydroxide gel or compound camphor tincture symptomatic treatment.

③ relief of intestinal spasm drugs: the use of compound phenethylpiperidine, atropine, probenecid or tincture of opium for treatment.

④ Physiotherapy: choose the field effect therapeutic instrument to treat the abdomen. However, a clear diagnosis is needed except for bacterial infection.

⑤ Hot compresses: hot water bags placed on the abdomen can help in the treatment of diarrhea.

How to diagnose and differential diagnosis of various types of diarrhea?

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis should be based on the following items:

①History and symptoms

a. Medical history: the cause of the disease, the course of the disease, the age of onset of the disease and its gender, diet, the regular use of medications, as well as the use of antidiarrheal or laxative drugs should be understood. At the same time to understand the patient with what diseases and symptoms, and to determine its relationship with diarrhea, what is the relationship.

b. Symptoms: the nature of diarrhea should be determined broadly from the nature of the stool, shape, odor, mucus and other secretions, excretions and so on.

② Physical examination

Auscultation: the present general condition, the rash, mental condition, posture, weight and so on.

Palpation: check the abdomen with your hands to understand the nature of the pain, abdominal masses, etc., and should try to make *** diagnosis, except *** disease.

Auscultation: to understand the intestinal peristalsis.

③ Laboratory tests: direct microscopy, as well as bacterial culture in the feces to diagnose the causative agent.

④ X-ray examination: X-ray abdominal plain film to check the intestinal condition, or gas barium contrast filming, diagnosis except the function of the digestive tract and organic lesions.