The "Ten Scenes of the West Lake" refer to the ten characteristic scenery on the West Lake, namely the spring dawn on the Su Di, the wind lotuses in the Quyuan, the autumn moon on the flat lake, the remaining snow on the broken bridge, the singing of orioles in the willows, watching fish in Huagang, the sunset on Leifeng, The twin peaks stand in the clouds, the Nanping evening bell and the three pools reflect the moon.

The Ten Scenes of the West Lake were formed during the Southern Song Dynasty and are basically distributed around the West Lake, with some located on the lake. ：

1. Spring Dawn on Su Causeway

Spring Dawn on Su Causeway is the first of the ten scenic spots in West Lake.

Su Causeway starts from the foothills of Nanping Mountain in the south and ends at the foot of Qixia Ridge in the north, with a total length of nearly three kilometers. When Su Dongpo, a great writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, was the magistrate of Hangzhou, he dredged the West Lake and used the excavated mud to construct it. Become. In order to commemorate Su Dongpo's achievements in managing the West Lake, later generations named him Su Di. The long embankment lies on the waves, connecting the southern and northern mountains, adding a charming scenery to the West Lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the spring dawn on Su Di was listed as the first of the ten scenic spots in West Lake. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was also called "Six Bridges of Smoked Willows" and included in the ten scenic spots in Qiantang, which shows that it has been deeply loved by people since ancient times.

2. Quyuan Fenghe

Quyuan Fenghe, with the theme of viewing lotus in summer, is ranked second among the ten scenic spots in the West Lake following the spring dawn on the Su Causeway. "Quyuan" was originally a brewing workshop opened by the Southern Song Dynasty court. It was located near Hongchun Bridge on Lingyin Road today, close to the shore of the then West Lake. Lotus flowers were cultivated on the lake near the shore. Every summer, when the gentle breeze came, the fragrance of lotus and wine floated everywhere. It makes people drunk even if they don't drink.

Wang Weiyou, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, praised in his poem: "People who escape the summer return to the cold spring, and the clouds at the port are cool in the evening. The fragrance of the love canal follows people far away, and they can only buy a boat after crossing the high bridge." Houquyuan gradually Decline and waste. After Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty inscribed the Ten Scenes of the West Lake, he built the Quyuan Fenghe Scenery Stele Pavilion on the banks of Su Di across the Hongqiao Bridge. All that is left is a small patch of lotus flowers on the lake in front of a small courtyard.

3. Pinghu Qiuyue

Pinghu Qiuyue Scenic Area is located at the west end of Baidi, at the southern foot of Gushan Mountain, and is close to the Waixi Lake. In fact, as one of the ten scenic spots of West Lake, the Autumn Moon over Pinghu Lake did not have a fixed location during the Southern Song Dynasty. This is because the poems written by literati at that time and in the Yuan and Ming dynasties mostly described this scene from the perspective of returning to the lake at night and admiring the moon in the boat. It is not difficult to see that, for example, in Sun Rui's poems of the Southern Song Dynasty, there is a sentence: "The moon is cold and the cold springs are frozen, so how can I return to the boat with my songs?"; Hong Zhanzu of the Ming Dynasty wrote in his poems: "In autumn, people climb the waves and wrinkle, and the mirrors of fairy mountain pavilions "Zhongchen." Among the woodcut prints of ten scenes of the West Lake during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty that have been passed down through the ages, the picture "Autumn Moon on the Flat Lake" still features tourists looking up at the moon in a lake boat as the main subject.

4. The Broken Bridge with Remaining Snow

The Broken Bridge with Remaining Snow is a famous scenery on the West Lake. It is famous for the fact that the bridge deck is looming on the lake when it is snowing in winter. It is one of the ten scenic spots in West Lake.

The Broken Bridge is located at the east end of the Baidi of West Lake in Hangzhou, backed by Baoshi Mountain and facing the city of Hangzhou. It is the watershed point between the Outer Lake and the Beili Lake. The Broken Bridge is high and has a wide view, making it the best place to enjoy the snowy scenery of West Lake in winter. Whenever the auspicious snow falls, I stand on Gemstone Mountain and look southward. The West Lake is covered in silver, and the white embankment stretches across the snowy willows and frosty peaches. The arch surface of the broken stone bridge is unobstructed, and the ice and snow melt in the sun, revealing the mottled bridge railings, while both ends of the bridge are still covered by white snow. The vaguely distinguishable stone bridge body seems to be hidden, while the white snow in the culvert is shining brightly, and the gray and brown bridge surface forms a contrast. From a distance, it looks broken but not broken, so it is called the Broken Bridge. The first person to record the "Broken Bridge with Remaining Snow" was Zhang Hu of the Tang Dynasty. His "Inscription on Gushan Temple in Hangzhou" said:

The towers are towering with green cens, leading into the center of the lake. Without rain, mountains will always be moist, and without clouds, water will be cloudy. ?The broken bridge is barren and the moss is astringent, and the empty courtyard is filled with deep flowers. I still recall the moon in the west window, and the sound of bells in the northern forest.

5. Nanping Evening Bell

Nanping Evening Bell may be the earliest sight among the ten sceneries of West Lake. Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, once painted "Nanping Evening Bell Picture". Although this picture is far less famous in the painting world than his "Along the River During the Qingming Festival", it was recorded in the Ming Dynasty's "Tianshui Bingshan Lu" ("Tianshui Bingshan Lu" was a property catalog copied during the Ming Dynasty's crackdown on corrupt official Yan Song, and is a rare treasure. The rare treasure is included in "Tianshui Bingshan Record". Nanping Mountain stretches across the south bank of West Lake. The mountain is only a hundred meters high, but the mountain extends for more than a thousand meters. The strange rocks on the mountain are towering and the green trees are pleasant to the eyes. On a sunny day, the mountains are full of lush greenery, which is beautiful and delicious against the blue sky and white clouds. On rainy and foggy days, the clouds and smoke cover the mountains, and the mountains seem to be dancing, misty and ethereal, as if they are far away. In the first year of the Later Zhou Dynasty (954), Qian Hongshu, the leader of the Wuyue Kingdom, built the Huiri Yongming Temple, a Buddhist temple at the foot of Nanping Mountain. It later became the Jingci Temple, one of the two major Buddhist temples in the West Lake, which stands side by side with Lingyin Temple in the north and south.

6. Sing the Orioles in the Willows

After nearly 40 years of continuous development and construction, the Singing of the Orioles in the Willows has evolved from an imperial garden enjoyed by emperors to a paradise for ordinary people. She still uses the green willow color and the melodious chirping of warblers as the keynote of the park's landscape. She planted weeping willows, lion willows, drunken willows, Huansha willows and other characteristic willows on the thousand-meter-long embankment along the lake and along the main road of Yuan Road. A Weeping Orioles Pavilion was built in the main scenic area in the middle of the park, and a giant cage "Bird Paradise" was installed not far from the Wenying Orioles Pavilion to create an atmosphere of fireworks in March, fluttering willow silks and the clear sound of orioles. To the east of Wenying Pavilion, the Friendship Garden scenic area is mainly composed of lawns and dense forest belts. A group of Japanese cherry blossoms have been introduced. On the north side of the lawn, there is a stone platform and the "Japan and China No Longer War" monument stands. On the west side of the Wenying Pavilion is the large lawn created by filling in the swamp when the Liulang Wenying was rebuilt. The grass color is far away from the blue waves of the West Lake and the green mountains. On the north side of the lawn is the Kangxi imperial inscription of the Liulang Wenying Pavilion that was moved here; the south side is planted A forest of tall trees, lawns, willow banks and lakes and mountains form a vivid picture with rich layers and changing angles.

7. Huagang Fish Viewing Park

Huagang Fish Viewing Park is located to the west of the southern section of Sudi, on a peninsula between Xili Lake and Xiaonan Lake. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the chamberlain Yun Sheng built a private garden at the foot of Huajia Mountain not far from here. The garden was filled with flowers and trees, water was diverted into a pond, and fish of five colors were raised for viewing. It gradually became a place frequented by tourists. At that time, it was called Luyuan and also named Huagang because of its proximity to Huajia Mountain. The palace painter included it in the group of ten scenes of the West Lake when he created it. In the 38th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1699), Emperor Xuanye visited the West Lake. As usual, he wrote about the fish sights in Huagang and built a stone monument beside the fish pond. Later, when Qianlong went to the south of the Yangtze River to visit the West Lake, another poem was inscribed on the shade of the stele. There is a sentence in the poem that goes: "Flowing Huagang at the foot of Huajia Mountain, there are fish bodies and fish sucking flowers."

8. Leifeng Xizhao

Leifeng Xizhao is located in Leifeng (Xizhao Mountain). Leifeng, located in front of Jingci Temple, is the remnant of Nanping Mountain extending to the north. It rises majestically near the lake and is covered with lush trees. Although it is small and exquisite, its reputation is one of the best on the lake, because there was the Leifeng Pagoda built by Wu Yue on the top of the mountain. It was the most beautiful and elegant among the many ancient pagodas in West Lake. Unfortunately, it fell down more than seventy years ago. The mountain was so empty that even its name was changed to Xizhao Mountain. This famous peninsula-shaped mountain on the south bank of West Lake, facing water on three sides, was once occupied by the Imperial Garden of the Southern Song Dynasty.

9. Shuangfeng Chaoyun

Shuangfeng Chaoyun refers to the South Peak and the North Peak.

The towering Tianmu runs eastward from Shandong, and one of its other branches meets the West Lake and branches to the north and south to form Nanshan and Beishan of the West Lake Scenic Area. Among them, the southern peak and the northern peak were both occupied by monks in ancient times. Buddhist pagodas were built on the top of the mountains, facing each other from a distance, and they were significantly higher than the other peaks. On a beautiful day in spring and autumn, the mist is green and white, and the top of the tower rises into the clouds, sometimes disappearing and sometimes appearing. The aura from a distance is extraordinary. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Two Peaks Chai Yun was listed as one of the ten scenic spots in the West Lake. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty renamed it Shuangfeng Chai Yun and built a scenic stele pavilion beside the Hongchun Bridge. At that time, the ancient Shuangfeng Pagoda had been destroyed for a long time, and even the original connotation of this scene was once difficult to be known. Setting up a scenic stele pavilion here is actually a temporary measure. "The floating picture is opposite the dawn of Cui Wei, and the greenery is floating in the sky. Try to look towards Fenghuang Mountain, the sky is high in the south and the smoke is low in the north." This is the poem "Two Peaks in the Clouds" by Wang Wei, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, which tells people: Twin Peaks Landscape with clouds.

10. Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon

The Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon landscape is located in Xiaoyingzhou. Xiaoyingzhou, Huxinting Pavilion and Ruan Gongdun are collectively called the three islands on the lake. The entire island including the water surface covers an area of ??about seven hectares. There are curved bridges connecting the north and south, and earth embankments connect the east and west. The bridge embankments intersect in the shape of a "ten", dividing the island's water surface into four, and the periphery of the water surface is a circular embankment. Viewed from the air, the land on the island is shaped like a large "field", showing that there is an island in the lake, a lake in the island, and the waterscape is unique among the ten sceneries of the West Lake. It is the representative of water gardens in the south of the Yangtze River in my country. A classic. In the 34th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1606), Nie Xintang, the magistrate of Qiantang County, took mud from the lake and built a dam around the island, forming a lake within a lake as a place to release animals. Later generations built three small bottle-shaped stone towers in the island's south lake, called the "Three Pools". In the early Qing Dynasty, they built curved bridges and pavilions on the island, and planted hibiscus trees along the inner lake. Yulin built a villa here, and Xiaoyingzhou began to take shape.