American red earth grapes, also known as American red grape, late red, big red ball, is a new variety of high-quality grapes bred by the California Agricultural University, Eurasian species, late maturity.
American Red Earth grapes, also known as the American red grape, late red, big red ball, is a new breed of high-quality grapes bred by the California Agricultural University, Eurasian species, late maturing.
I. Characteristics
1. Fruit clusters large, good growth. Red earth fruit spike is very large, loose, long conical, average spike weight 800g, the largest up to 2500g. growth potential of medium, very productive, fruiting branch rate of more than 70%. Generally the second year after planting the results.
2. Excellent quality, good taste. The variety of fruit grain round to nearly conical, grain weight 11-13g, maximum 22g, peel bright red to purple-red, flesh hard and crisp, with a knife slice does not flow juice, sweet, soluble solids content of up to 17% -20%, with a unique fragrance, and does not crack the fruit.
3. Strong stalk pull, good storage and transportation resistance. Fruit stalk is longer, fruit bearing solid tensile strength, pinch a grain of fruit can be lifted the whole spike creeper, fruit ripening after leaving the tree can be preserved for 1-2 months, low-temperature conditions plus preservatives can be stored until May of the second year, the flavor is not reduced.
4. Good market sales, high economic benefits. American red grape market outlets are very wide, popular with consumers, the general price of 20-30 yuan per kilogram,
Two, cultivation techniques
Red earth grapes are the United States of America raisin in the more desirable varieties, but because of the variety is a Eurasian species, planted in the South to pay attention to disease prevention and control, should do the following aspects of cultivation and management:
1. >1. Reasonable planting. Choose a higher terrain, drainage and irrigation, soil soil layer deep, fertile and loose loam or sandy loam. South to spring planting is appropriate, before planting to prune the root system, to stimulate the wound rooting, branches and poles sterilized with lithosulfuric acid, after planting, watering through the rooting water, and paving film to promote heat preservation, early rooting and germination.
2. Plastic pruning. Red earth grape growth potential is strong, apical dominance is obvious. Young tree growth, late maturity of the new shoots, so pay attention to the balance of the tree potential to promote growth, double cross V-rack and T-rack main vines in the 80-100cm high for the first centering, to promote the first layer of branches, the second centering to promote the second layer of branches in the 1.5m high, the first and second layer of branches horizontally tied to the wire, its wipe buds, centering to promote the aging of the year in the winter! According to the old degree of maturity and coarseness of the branches when cut to stay. Because of the red earth grapes fruiting branch rate is medium, so the fruiting tree pruning to medium tip pruning mainly, appropriate more fruiting mother branch, pay attention to the selection of retaining bud eye full, branch pole full of branches.
3. Fruit and flower management. Redti fruit spikes arranged tightly, the fruit squeezed each other part can not be normal coloring, must be rectified. 5-7 days after flowering on the results of the new tips centering and erase the vice slightly, each result of the new tips only stay 1 spike, to be the size of the young fruit is clear when the whole fruit, remove poor fertilization, fruit shape is not correct, yellow color of the fruit, leaving the fruit shape of a uniform size, color and lustre of bright green fruit, each spike to stay 60-80, so that the fruit distribution is uniform, and the timely removal of the vice spikes! In order to improve the appearance of the quality of the cob, so that the surface of the fruit is smooth, to be the fruit grows to the size of a bean for bagging.
4. Scientific use of fertilizer. Young red earth grape growing seedlings, avoid drought and fear of flooding, after planting shall be flooded sufficiently, when the seedling pre-pouring manure water, every 5-7 days 1 time, thin fertilizer, its concentration with the growth of plants and gradually increase to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. mid-August to stop the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and change the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. And in May-August monthly additional 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, green Fenwei and other extra-root fertilizer l-2 times, spraying is generally appropriate in the afternoon after 3:00 pm spraying, focusing on spraying the back of the leaf. Fertilization of fruit trees to reapply germination fertilizer, appropriate application of fruit fertilizer and coloring fertilizer, and appropriately increase the amount of composite fertilizer, the best time to apply base fertilizer is 1 month after the grape harvest, that is, late September to October, because at this time of growth higher temperatures, leaf photosynthesis is good, fertilizer not only broken roots are easy to heal, but also conducive to the tree storage nutrients to restore the tree's potential. Before budding should be fully irrigation budding water, appropriate water expansion, coloring period appropriate water control, in order to increase the fruit sugar and early coloring.
5. Pest control. As the red earth grape disease resistance is weak, susceptible to black pox, downy mildew, white rot, early spring budding before spraying 1 times 3-5 boomer degrees of sulfuric acid or 200 times the sodium pentachlorophenol, eradication of overwintering germs, which is the key. Growth period is mainly to control the black pox disease, every 5-7 days spray 1 time, seedling available Kobo, Dasheng, DuPont Fosun for control. Also available are Tolbutrazine, Sukrin, Anthracnose Fomite, Daisen Manganese Zinc to control gray mold, anthracnose and downy mildew. For the moths, turtles and other pests can be used to prevent and control the Lego, kill the enemy, etc., the above agents should pay attention to the use of alternation, so as to avoid the emergence of drug resistance.
Environmental conditions and improper cultivation measures is the main cause of red flowers, and put forward a few technical measures for you to explore.
The causes of the redti less flowers
1, the impact of environmental conditions
Spring sunshine hours less. Due to the spring and summer rainfall, high temperatures, redti grow rapidly, branching and leafy, branches and vines long internodes, new growth is not full. Coupled with the weak light in spring and summer, the new tip base axillary buds are not full, the formation of few flower buds, tip after many picking heart, extend the tip growth slightly moderate, but into the fall temperatures are still high, Red Tip again pumping the secondary tip, the second tip of the nutrients are consumed, the formation of winter buds are not strong; pumping the three tips and not fully lignified, carbon nutrient accumulation, the formation of the winter buds are weak. In this way, the flower buds on the fruiting mother vine are distributed to the middle and upper part, generally between the 8th and 14th buds. The base and upper part of the flowerless or flower spike is small, the fruit set rate is low, and the fruit quality is not good.
2 improper cultivation measures
Nitrogen use is too large, the carbon and nitrogen ratio is out of proportion, the nitrogen dosage is high, resulting in vigorous nutrient growth of grapevine branches and vines, the accumulation of carbon nutrients is insufficient, the formation of few buds. In order to control the growth of the canopy is too high, frequent centering, resulting in leaf hypertrophy, part of the winter bud rupture, reducing the amount of flowers in the following year.
(3) Irrigation is too frequent.
Grape is a drought-resistant crops, high soil moisture content is not conducive to the formation of flower buds, but some people in pursuit of the year fruit seedlings fast growth and high yield, see the soil surface a white on the rush to irrigation, and irrigation time is longer. Soil water content is too high, accelerated nutrient growth, in the flower bud formation is not favorable.
Improving soil organic matter content is the red grape quality, stable yield, high yield basis. More organic fertilizer is the only way to improve soil organic matter. Commonly used organic fertilizers are: ① chicken manure, sheep manure for hot fertilizer, fertilizer content and full, applying too much or concentrated application will affect the root activity. Rotting chicken manure, pure sheep manure can be applied according to the standard of catty fruit catty fertilizer. ② stable manure (pig, cow manure) nutrients, fertilizer, long, according to the catty fruit 2-3 kg of fertilizer standard. ③ human urine for quick-acting fertilizers, mainly containing nitrogen, the application should not be too much, otherwise it will lead to tree strength, poor coloring, low hardness, etc.. ④ cake fertilizer contains the most organic matter, nutrient elements for the late effect of the organic state, need to be crushed and fermented with water for one month after use. ⑤ compost is the corn stalks and other crop stalks guillotine, plus water, manure, calcium superphosphate, urea and other mixed, covered with plastic film composted. Composted compost with high organic matter content, fertilizer effect of the whole.