Whether the variety selection of fruit trees in greenhouse is correct or not is directly related to the success or failure of greenhouse cultivation. Variety selection is particularly important in greenhouse cultivation, and the following principles should be adhered to.

1, promoting culture

Very early-maturing, early-maturing and medium-maturing varieties should be selected to facilitate early listing; Late-maturing varieties or varieties that are easy to bear many fruits should be selected for delayed cultivation.

2, the dormancy period is short

Select varieties with short natural dormancy period, low chilling requirement and easy artificial dormancy breaking for early or ultra-early protective production.

From the environmental point of view, fruit trees in greenhouse facilities can be cultivated. The sooner the greenhouse is closed, the earlier the mature time will be, and the higher the benefit will be. However, in greenhouse facilities cultivation, the time of holding the shed is limited, and it is not set in advance and at will indefinitely. Because deciduous fruit trees have the habit of natural dormancy, if the low temperature accumulation is not enough, they can't reach the cooling capacity required by fruit trees and can't pass natural dormancy. Even if the greenhouse is insulated and given suitable environmental conditions for growth and development, fruit trees will not germinate and bloom, and sometimes even if they germinate, they often bloom irregularly, with long production cycle and low fruit setting rate.

What kind of fruit to grow in greenhouse is good, and the choice of fruit varieties to grow in greenhouse

Therefore, the cooling capacity is the primary basis for determining the closing time of the shed. Meeting the cold demand of fruit trees and making them go through natural dormancy is the basis of successful greenhouse cultivation. Only in this way can fruit trees grow and develop normally under greenhouse facilities.

At present, most experts believe that the effective temperature of fruit trees through natural dormancy is 0-7.2℃, and the hours of low-temperature effective accumulated temperature required for natural dormancy of deciduous fruit trees are called cold energy, while the temperature above or below 10℃ is basically ineffective for low-temperature accumulated temperature. Generally speaking, the chilling requirement of peach is 800- 1200 hours, apricot is 500-900 hours, plum is 700- 1000 hours, and grape is 1000- 1500 hours.

In production practice, artificial low-temperature centralized treatment is often used to break the dormancy of fruit trees, that is, when the average outside temperature is lower than 10℃, it is usually kept warm in a closed shed at 7-8℃, covered with film and covered with grass, but the grass is just the opposite of normal protection. Uncover the grass at night, open the air outlet for low temperature treatment, and cover the grass during the day. Most deciduous fruit trees can successfully survive natural dormancy after centralized treatment in this way for 20-30 days, and then they can be protected and cultivated in the later stage.

At present, lime nitrogen is commonly used in production to break the dormancy of grapes cultivated in greenhouse facilities. The scientific name of lime nitrogen is calcium cyanamide. Grapes treated with lime nitrogen can germinate 20-25 days earlier than untreated grapes, and germinate neatly. 5 kg of warm water at 40-50℃ should be added to every 1 kg of lime nitrogen. When in use, the lime nitrogen and warm water are put into a bucket or basin, stirred constantly, fully soaked for more than 2 hours, so as to make it even into a paste, and a proper amount of diffusing agent is added. Then, dip a proper amount with a small brush and smear it on the upper part and bud eyes on both sides of the grape bearing branch, and the smear length is 2/3 of the branch. After unfolding, the branches should be connected in a straight line.

3. Rapid growth

Choose varieties with fast flower bud formation, easy flower promotion, high self-pollination rate and high yield.

4. Fresh food

Give priority to fresh food, and choose varieties with big head, bright color, sweet and sour taste, marketable and good quality.

5, strong adaptability

Especially varieties with wide adaptability to environmental conditions, poor light tolerance and strong disease resistance.

What kind of fruit to grow in greenhouse is good, and the choice of fruit varieties to grow in greenhouse

6. Trees are compact and short, and bear early fruits.

Fruit trees are plants with a long growth cycle, which generally lasts for several years, more than ten years and more than several decades. Therefore, in the planning of greenhouse fruit tree planting base, we must fully consider this characteristic of fruit trees and establish the concept of long-term management; At the same time, fruit trees can only blossom and bear fruit after a certain period of dormancy in a year, which is different from the seed dormancy of vegetables and field crops. This is one of the most remarkable growth characteristics of fruit trees, which goes through several growth and development periods: plant growth period, initial fruit period, full fruit period and aging period. Therefore, in greenhouse fruit tree planting, we should consider the selection of varieties from several factors, such as time difference, quick effect and high benefit. At present, most fruit trees cultivated in greenhouse are strawberries, followed by grapes, nectarines and cherries. There are also some reports of apricot and plum cultivation in greenhouse, but the planting area is small and it is still in the experimental demonstration stage.

Selection of fruit planting varieties in greenhouse

At present, the cultivation of southern fruit in the north is only one of the landscape projects of sightseeing agriculture in the north, but it has not been reported that it is used in the commercial production of greenhouses to obtain higher economic benefits. Try it where conditions permit.

Specific to the variety selection of each fruit tree, we should adhere to the principle of adapting to local conditions and highlighting characteristics, give play to regional advantages, build brands, and finally form leading industries.

In the selection of strawberry varieties, we should adhere to the combination of high quality, early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity, with several varieties such as "Bao Jiao Zao Sheng", "Fengxiang", "Dana", "Sophia", "Li Hong", "Guduka" and "Hong" as the main varieties.

In the selection of grape varieties, "Hotan Red" and "Mu Na Ge" are mainly planted in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia and western Inner Mongolia in the northwest; Around Beijing, varieties such as "Rose Fragrant", "Jufeng" and "Jialiniang" are mainly planted. Varieties such as "Jingzaojing" and "Seedless White Chicken Heart" are mainly planted in the north and northeast of North China; Landlords in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and other central and eastern regions planted varieties such as "Pinlizhu", "Jialiniang" and "Merlot".

At the same time, all localities should pay attention to introducing foreign excellent varieties such as Frey seedless, Crisson seedless, Hongti and Baiti to enrich the grape variety market. In the selection of peach varieties, we should not only consider the main factors of high quality and high yield, but also consider the degree of storage and transportation tolerance. The main varieties are Mayfresh, Okubo, Baifeng, Agnes and Phoenix.

In the selection of cherry varieties, "Pioneer", "Hong Ju" and "Zaodaguo" are the main varieties.