1, epidermal scratch
Human skin is divided into epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, among which the dermis under epidermis contains rich blood vessels and nerves.
Treatment: If the outer epidermis is scratched, it will not bleed, but it will be painful. If the wound is clean, you can apply some iodine to prevent local infection. If the abrasion area is relatively large, or there are dirt and unclean things in the wound, the wound can be cleaned with physiological saline or hydrogen peroxide, and iodine is applied; If the wound has broken glass, metal chips, etc., you should go to the hospital in time when the washing is not clean.
2. Skin laceration
Skin lacerations are mostly caused by wrestling and serious collision, which makes all the epidermis and dermis tear. The wound is irregular and irregular.
Treatment: Most of these wounds have bleeding. First, they must be pressed to stop bleeding, and then sent to hospital for treatment.
Note: when pressing to stop bleeding, use sterilized gauze or clean towel, etc. Do not press the wound with unclean items to prevent germs from entering the wound and becoming infected.
3. Cut and stab
Most of the stab wounds are caused by accidental injuries of sharp tools such as knives, scissors and fine needles, which can hurt the skin and even blood vessels and nerves. Generally speaking, the wounds are deep, neat and clean.
Treatment: When there is a cut and stab wound, first pay attention to hemostasis. If the wound is not deep, you can use a band-aid to stop bleeding. If the wound is deep, use clean gauze or towel to stop bleeding and press the wound tightly to stop bleeding.
Note: If the wound is deep and rusty, you need to go to the hospital for tetanus vaccination immediately.
4. Bruising wound
Congestion is mostly caused by the rupture of subcutaneous tissue blood vessels caused by external forces, and blood seeps into the subcutaneous tissue from the rupture of capillaries.
Treatment: If there is congestion on the skin, it should be cold-pressed with cold water or ice cubes; If the injured part is an arm or leg, you can lift the arm or leg to help reduce swelling. After 24 hours of congestion, warm water can be used to hot compress the affected area to promote local blood circulation and accelerate the dissipation of congestion.
5. Scratch
Scratches mostly occur between children, generally speaking, the problem is not big, and proper iodine disinfection can be used.
Note: Clean the wound with flowing water. If the child is infected and has a fever after being scratched, he should be sent to the hospital for medical treatment in time.
6. Smash or crush injury
Crushing or crushing injury is more serious than ordinary collision. If there is a crushing or crushing injury, you should first apply cold compress or stop bleeding. If the pain is severe or even swelling, you should consider the possibility of fracture and send it to the hospital immediately.
7. Animal bites
If it is bitten by an ordinary animal, it can be washed with soapy water and clear water first, then disinfected with iodine, and then sent to the hospital for rabies vaccine injection; If you are bitten by poisonous insects or poisonous snakes, pay attention to fixing the upper end of the wound with gauze to reduce the blood flow and send it to the doctor immediately.
8, burns and scalds
If it is a burn, be sure to note the following principles:
1, rinse the wound with flowing clean water 15-30 minutes to quickly reduce the heat on the skin surface, and even consider using cold compress.
2, carefully take off foreign bodies, if necessary, use scissors to cut open clothes or temporarily keep adhesion parts, try to avoid breaking the skin.
3. Soaking in cold water for about 15 minutes can not only relieve the pain, but also stabilize the mood.
4. Cover the injured part with a clean towel or gauze. Do not smear any rice wine, soy sauce, toothpaste, paste, herbs, etc. to avoid the doctor's judgment on the wound and seek medical treatment immediately.
9. What if the wound is inflamed?
1, inspection method
If you have a big wound on your body, it is best to see a doctor in time to clean the wound. When the wound is inflamed, we should find a professional doctor to check it and sterilize and diminish inflammation in time, so as not to ignore the serious consequences caused by the wound inflammation. In particular, people with chest wounds and brain wounds should pay more attention to whether wound inflammation is accompanied by physical discomfort.
2. Drug Law
If the wound is inflamed, you can choose to use anti-inflammatory drugs to help diminish inflammation. After the wound has been cleaned and disinfected, you can choose to sprinkle drugs such as crystalline sulfanilamide on the wound and then wrap it up. Of course, be sure not to be allergic to the drug before using it. In addition, you can also choose to take anti-inflammatory drugs orally under the guidance of a doctor.
3. Vaccine law
For patients with serious wound inflammation and suppuration, after professional doctors use hydrogen peroxide, clean the wound, iodophor disinfection, and wrap it with sterile gauze, oral antibiotics can be considered for treatment according to the degree of wound suppuration, and it is best to inject tetanus vaccine to prevent the wound infection from getting worse.
4. Tea Law
Caffeine and tannic acid are the most abundant ingredients in tea. Tannic acid can help to coagulate protein, and the main component of human body, whether cells or bacteria, is protein. Cleaning the inflamed wound with tea water can help effectively sterilize and diminish inflammation, and also help the muscle cells around the wound to coagulate, thus effectively helping the wound to recover.
5. White sugar method
To deal with minor wound inflammation, white sugar can be used for external application and anti-inflammation. Just after cleaning the wound with anti-inflammatory liquid, apply the white sugar evenly when the affected part is dry, and then change the white sugar 1~2 times a day after dressing, which can help to treat the inflamed wound well for a week. Moreover, sugar is not an antibiotic and has no side effects.