(I) Cultivation Process

Preparation of materials - Preparation of culture materials - Bagging - Normal-pressure sterilizing --Inoculation - mycelium culture - mushroom management - harvesting

(2) Bag making Season of inoculation

White mushroom fruiting body develops well at 8-15℃, under artificial cultivation conditions, fruiting body can grow at 8-25℃, and grows faster at 15-20℃, and it is most suitable to make bags for inoculation about 60 days before the local temperature drops to 15-20℃. Winter seeding, such as raising bacteria room temperature is too low, the time should be appropriately advanced. The same season, different regions have different temperatures, the same region, the climate is also different every year, so it is necessary to adapt to the time and place. Summer bag inoculation when the daily maximum temperature stabilized below 30 ℃ for the most suitable (mycelial growth 24-26 ℃ most suitable). Generally can be started in late August bag inoculation. Early inoculation, the temperature is higher than 30 ℃ easy to dye stray bacteria; in the temperature period to push back the inoculation, after the arrival of low temperature, the growth of mycelium is unfavorable, so in the temperature period to seize the inoculation.

(C) culture material quality control

1. wood chips (cottonseed hulls): broadleaf hardwood, fresh, no mold, no lumps;

2. wheat bran (cornmeal): requirements for dry, no mold and insect moths;

4. gypsum: marketed in the block of gypsum and powdered calcined gypsum, the latter is more convenient;

5. lime Lime: block of quicklime with water and good sieve immediately after use;

6. urea: is an organic nitrogen chemical fertilizer, white crystals, nitrogen content of 42-46%, mainly to supplement the source of nitrogen;

7. water: the water should be clean, in line with the standard of hygiene of life and drinking water.

(D) Cultivation material formula

(1) 100 kilograms of cottonseed hulls, corn meal (or bran) 5 kilograms, gypsum 1-2 kilograms, 1-3 kilograms of lime, 0.2 kilograms of urea, water content 60-65%. Used for clinker cultivation after fermentation.

(2) 100 kilograms of cottonseed husk, 20 kilograms of bran, gypsum 1 kilogram, water content 60-65%. Used for clinker cultivation.

The above two formulas for the southern cotton-producing areas commonly used formulas, according to the situation in our province can be used as the following basic (or appropriate improvement) formulas for the production:

(3) 100 kilograms of wood shavings, 15 kilograms of bran, gypsum 1 kilograms, 1 kilograms of lime, water content of 60-65%. For clinker cultivation.

(E) bagging and tying

1. Bagging selection of low-pressure polyethylene or high-pressure polypropylene bags, specifications for the 17 × 33 cm, 0.025-0.03 mm thick, the requirements of the tube material width uniformity and consistency.

2. Bagging machine loading material loading before the mixing of the water content of the material to 60-65%, adjust the PH7.5-8.5, 0.8-0.9 kg of wet material per bag, the material height of 18 cm or so, the degree of elasticity is appropriate, with the neck ring, cotton plugs (or no cotton cover body) sealing. Moving the bag and the operation process should be gently held and put down. There is no bagging machine for a small amount of cultivation, you can manually bagging.

(F) sterilization and cooling

1. The bag will be loaded into the atmospheric pressure sterilizer, sterilized baskets to leave a certain gap between the aeration.

2. In time to the stove into the hot steam, so that the temperature inside the stove in 3-4 hours to reach 100 ℃, continue to send steam into the atmospheric stove sterilization chamber, so that the sterilization temperature has been maintained at 100 ℃ 8-10 hours. If autoclaving 121 ℃ must be maintained for 2 hours. Atmospheric sterilization culture material mixed into the weed net can improve the success rate.

3. Cooling completely reach the sterilization time, stop the ventilation, so that the sterilization bag stove cooling or moving out of the cooling room cooling. When the bag temperature drops to 30 ℃, moved into the inoculation room, sampling water content and PH value, and check the bag with or without microporous.

(VII) inoculation room, inoculation tent sterilization and inoculation operation

1. Inoculation room should be kept clean and dry, a week before use with formaldehyde, potassium permanganate fumigation sterilization once per cubic meter of space with 10-15 ml of formaldehyde, heating and evaporation, so that formaldehyde vapor diffuse space to be closed for more than 24 hours. The inoculation room doorway placed lime powder, in and out of the personnel to foot lime disinfection.

2. Inoculation account into the bag before the formaldehyde fumigation 4-12 hours, the amount of 10-15 ml per cubic meter of space. Also available aerosol disinfection box disinfection.

3. The bacterial bags, inoculation tools, strains, alcohol lamps, etc. together into the inoculation tent, and then fumigated with an aerosol disinfection box for more than half an hour, 40-60 minutes before the inoculation of ultraviolet light irradiation for 30-45 minutes.

4. Inoculation operation

(1) inoculation personnel wearing overalls, wearing a working cap, working clothes and hats to be sterilized, arms to be soaked in 1/50 times the new clean and destroy 5 minutes or 75% alcohol cotton wipe disinfection;

(2) inoculation tools must be wiped and flame sterilized with 75% alcohol;

(3) the outer wall of the vials of the bacteria and the bottle mouth to be 0.1% permanganate, and the vial mouth to be 0.1% permanganate, and the vial mouth to be 0.1% permanganate. To be sterilized with 0.1% potassium permanganate aqueous solution;

(4) Inoculation tent built-in alcohol lamp, inoculation of the mouth of the bottle and bag inoculation mouth in the alcohol lamp flame sterile area, transfer to connect the seed block to be rapid;

(5) Inoculation amount of each bottle of bacteria (450 ml or 500 ml loaded) to connect 30-40 bags, the size of the seed block to the size of the broad beans is appropriate;

(6) Inoculation action should be rapid, fast ungag, fast inoculation, fast cover;

(7) each inoculation of about 1,000 bags, to be picked up in 3-4 hours, usually 3 people in a group, cooperate. After the bag is transported out, clean up tools, debris, cleaning, ultraviolet sterilization;

(H) the germ period management

1. received the bacteria bags into the germ room or solarium germ. Loading and unloading, handling and placing the bags should be light. According to the season and the temperature to decide to place the number of layers, generally 4-6 layers, when the temperature is high layer and layer to leave a certain space between to facilitate ventilation and cooling;

2. Fungus place into the bag 10 days before to clean up and carry out a fumigation disinfection with formaldehyde or aerosol disinfection box;

3. Fungus bag into the place of fungi, to spray ketoconazole aqueous solution of air disinfection and sprayed weekly in the future.

4. After the bag of mycelium sealing (about 10-15 days), to carry out the first turn the heap, check the mycelium growth and the presence of stray bacteria, stray bacteria are mostly green, orange-red, black, yellow and other colors, stray bacteria were point or small pieces, available formaldehyde, alcohol or kerosene, such as rubbing treatment;

5. A turn the heap, we should often check the mycelium growth and the presence of stray bacteria occur, at least every ten days Turn the heap to check once, found that the fungus is light according to the above methods of treatment, serious contamination should be taken out of the fungus place, centralized sterilization and sun-drying;

6. The whole period of germination should pay attention to the regulation of the temperature, humidity, air and light of the four major factors, the temperature in the 23-25 ℃, the humidity of the air in the air below 70%, to keep the air fresh, to be sheltered from the light of the culture;

7. days, the white mushroom mycelium can grow full bag.

(IX) After ripening management

The mycelium can't produce mushrooms immediately after the bag is full, at this time, the bag is soft and the mycelium is sparse, and it should be ripened at 20-25℃ for about 20-30 days to reach physiological maturity. Only after physiological maturity can the mycelium produce mushrooms normally. During the post-ripening period, pay attention to the moisture content of the medium, keep the moisture not to open the bag, and have some light stimulation in the late cultivation to promote the mycelium twisting.

(10) mushroom management

1. the bag full of mycelium should be batch mushroom management, 100 meters long, 6 meters wide solarium can be put 35,000 bags, generally along the yard type stacking, 4-6 layers;

2. the temperature in the solarium 8-20 ℃, the night uncovering film and thatch to cold stimulation; daytime to diffuse light stimulation;

3. the bag at the mouth of the material found in the light to stimulate;

3. When the original base of white mushroom on the material at the mouth of the bag is found to be as big as soybean, remove the cotton plug and unlock the mouth; when it is as big as fava bean, stretch the film at the mouth of the bag and release the mouth; when it grows to be as big as ping-pong ball, pull the film up to the bag to reveal the original base, at this time, the air humidity should be adjusted to 80-90% and irradiated by diffuse light;

4. In the early period of bud, do not spray water directly to the bag, and keep the air humidity at a low level until the mushroom is a little bigger. The humidity should be kept in the air, and a small amount of water can be sprayed when the mushroom body is a little big. Stop spraying water before harvesting.

5. Ventilation should be carried out frequently in the solar greenhouse to keep the air fresh. When the white mushroom is in bud, the number is large, but when it grows up, generally a bag only grows 1-6 single large individuals. According to the thinning density, we can remove the small and keep the big ones, and keep 1-2 sub-entities to make them develop and grow normally.

(XI) Harvesting

1. In winter low-temperature season, the white mushroom should be harvested in time from the young mushroom to the harvesting period of about 10-15 days, when the cap has not yet emitted spores and the edge of the cap has not yet been upturned.

2. Because of the temperature, usually only one crop is harvested, the biological efficiency can reach 50-80%, and the second crop of mushrooms is less. After harvesting, clean up the material surface and mushroom room. The mushroom bag can be preserved in low temperature over winter (summer), and the mushroom can be produced again when the temperature is suitable. After air-drying and storing, the scraps of white mushroom can also be used to cultivate flat mushrooms and shaggy mushrooms.

3. After harvesting, the root of the mushroom should be cleaned up. White mushrooms are best sold fresh, but can also be processed into canned goods, and sometimes can be processed into dry slices for storage.