The oil tea is a small evergreen tree. Leaves thick leathery, smooth bark, can play a role in fire prevention; like light but young with a certain degree of shade tolerance; like warm and humid climate, intolerant of cold; life expectancy of more than a century, the fruiting season is generally 60 years or so, is a deep-rooted species of trees, the main root is well developed, with the emergence of cork, regenerative capacity, loved by consumers, market development prospects.
Oil tea afforestation on the soil requirements are not strict, generally choose the soil layer deep, loose and fertile mountain red soil, yellow red soil or pH value of 5-6.5 slightly acidic sandy loam. Elevation below 500m sunny sunny slopes and half-sunny slopes, the slope to the south, east or southeast is good, the slope in the 25 ° below the middle and lower slopes is appropriate, in the mountain valleys less than 50m in width on both sides of the mountain slopes should not be afforested. In order to facilitate management, afforestation should be relatively centralized, where the soil contains calcareous areas, poor growth of oil tea, avoid choosing for oil tea afforestation.
Land preparation is an important part of oil tea afforestation. Generally more than 1 month before planting, by turning the soil, improve soil structure, improve aeration, improve microbial activity conditions, so that the soil is fully ripe, according to the different conditions of afforestation, can be full reclamation of the whole land, banded reclamation and block reclamation, take the whole reclamation of the whole land in the flat land reclamation of the whole land, take the block reclamation of the steep slopes, take the band reclamation of the gentle slopes, reclamation of the whole land according to the 40cm×40cm×50cm digging Good planting holes, adequate bottom fertilizer, according to local conditions to determine the planting density, the general density of 2.5m × 2.5m, 2m × 2.5m and 2m × 3m.
Winter and spring can be planted. In the spring to hibernation between February and April rainy season of cloudy or drizzle weather afforestation is appropriate, choose one to two years of excellent varieties or excellent asexual grafted seedlings, the requirements of the top buds full, complete root system, no pests and diseases. One-year seedlings are more than 20cm high, 0.15cm in diameter; two-year seedlings are 35cm high, 0.3cm in diameter. Seedlings should keep the root system moist, avoid the wind and sun, more soil with seedlings, before planting the appropriate pruning of the main root, planting the first whole tree hole dug loose, dug into the size of the seedling root system and the depth of the hole, remove the roots and stones, the oil tea seedlings into the hole so that the root system is stretched out, step on the planting, so that the "three burying two stepping on the one seedling", slightly deep planting! The depth of planting is about 1-3cm higher than the root diameter of the seedling, and after planting, we should pay attention to watering the root water thoroughly, and use the loose soil to pile the base stem part into a steamed bun shape, to prevent the cave soil from settling in the rainy season and waterlogging the dead seedling.
Newly planted oil tea to promote the survival of the management through nurturing, afforestation of the first three years of annual plowing and weeding 2 times, respectively, in late spring and early summer and autumn, mainly loosening, weeding, cultivating, expanding the hole, and gradually connected to the band; after the third year, annual fall plowing and weeding 1 time every 3 years reclamation of the deep digging 1 time, can be carried out in agriculture and forestry inter-cropping, to the plowing and fertilizer in lieu of nurturing. When the tree height of 70-80cm_, to carry out young tree shaping pruning, young forest pruning to be light, generally in the picking of tea seeds or the following year in March-April, mainly to cut off the budding branches, control of long branches, select and retain a number of strong growth of the main branches, appropriate pruning of the foot branches, in order to form a low natural round crown shape. 4-5 years later, the middle and lower bore branches can be allowed to bear appropriate fruit, the upper flower buds to be wiped out.
One is reclamation: reclamation methods with reclamation, cave reclamation and trench reclamation, winter reclamation and summer reclamation, generally take "three years a big reclamation, a year a reclamation" method, depth 15-25cm. two is fertilizer: fertilizer to organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer as a supplement, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium to be used in conjunction with the oil tea to play a coordinated role in the growth and development stage. Growth and development stages play a coordinating role. Different periods of application of different fertilizers, young forests to the application of nitrogen fertilizer-based, adult forests to the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer-based, autumn and winter to organic fertilizers-based, spring and summer to the quick-acting fertilizer-based, the use of ditching or hole application. Third, pruning: tree pruning, because of the shape of the branch, cut dense stay sparse, weak stay strong, to keep a single branch of the clear foot bright heart, big young cut, small years of heavy pruning, so that the forest ventilation and light, and increase the results of the surface to improve yields. Sunny slopes should be lightly cut, shady slopes discretionary pruning; crown appropriate heavy pruning, the upper part of not cut. In short, can not prune too much, so as not to lose the balance of the tree and lead to too many branches sprouting, affecting growth and development. At the same time, the oil tea is generally the top of the flowering and fruiting, so it is only appropriate to thinning and deletion, do not cut short.
Easy to occur in high humidity, high temperature conditions, April-May onset, July-September spread the fastest, fruit drop is also more, in the entire reproductive period of the pathogen repeated multiple infestation of leaf buds, branch tips, leaves and fruit. Prevention and control methods: First, combined with the camping measures to remove the source of disease; second, March-April with 50% of the retort wettable powder 800 times, 50% of the polymyxin 500 times spray 2 times, the peak of the incidence of July-September, with 20% of the tea bran water sprayed once, has a very good prevention and control effect.
Oil tea sooty disease
Produces black sooty dust-like material on the leaf front and branch surface, and forms a covering layer on the surface of the branches and leaves, so that photosynthesis is blocked, and the diseased plant is weakened to death. The oil tea coal masonry bacteria use the secretion of cotton mesquite as a source of nutrients, and by the mesquite to spread, so the disease is often and cotton mesquite *** with rampant. 3-6 months and October-November for the onset of the peak period. Prevention and control methods: First, appropriate pruning and thinning, strengthen the management of forests, improve the ventilation and light conditions in the forest; second, use 50% trisulfoton emulsion 1500-2000 times or 50% dichlorvos emulsion 500-1000 times to kill the shellworm.
The tea tip moth
The larvae infest the leaf flesh and feed on the spring tips, the damage rate of 10%-20%, the serious up to 30%, resulting in plant death. Prevention and control methods: First, the adult season, manually cut off the damaged leaves, tips and centralized treatment; second, pharmaceutical control, in the serious damage to the forest stand of pests and diseases in the transfer of the period of spraying trichlorfon 500-600 times liquid or kill fenpropathrin 1,000 times liquid, can be obtained better prevention and control results.
Tea seed weevil
Also known as weevil. Adults harm the fruit, larvae feeding on the seed kernel, generally June-July for the peak period of damage. Prevention and control methods: one is the capture method, the use of tea seed weevil has the habit of pseudo-death and flying ability of the characteristics of the weak, artificial capture; the second is the August-November larvae out of the fruit into the soil overwintering period, regular collection of fallen fruits to be burned; the third is the adult plumage out of the ground in May-July, with 40% of the oxidized lemonade and 80% of the dichlorvos 1:1 to the water into a 1,000-fold solution, spraying 2-3 times, it can be effective in preventing and controlling.
Oil tea stem borer
Also known as the driller, 1 year, 1 generation, with large larvae overwintering on the damaged branches. Overwintering larvae began to pupate in late April of the following year, the pupation period in early to mid-May, and the adult plumage period from late May to late June. Adults are active at night and are phototropic. Prevention and control methods: First, according to the adults have a strong tendency to light, in the plumage period, the use of night light baiting; Second, in the larval period spraying 90% trichlorfon 500 times liquid, adult spraying 90% trichlorfon 1000 times liquid, 20% Rogaine emulsion 500 times liquid, the effect is very obvious.