Shanxi is located on the Loess Plateau in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and its unique folk customs have been formed by its historical and geographical environment. People

call it "Yellow River Culture" or "Loess Culture", and this unique culture has now become a precious tourism resource.

in Shanxi, the rich traditional culture is reflected in the three existing folk museums. These are the Riverside Folk Museum in Dingxiang County, Xinzhou District, Qiaojiabao Folk Museum in Qixian County, Jinzhong District, and Ding Cun Folk Museum in Xiangfen County, Linfen District. These three folk museums reflect the folk culture in northern Shanxi, Jinzhong and southern Shanxi. The display in the museum introduces a series of folk customs in the above-mentioned areas of Shanxi, such as etiquette, marriage, funeral, food, residence, trade, production and taboo. It vividly reflects

the industrious and intelligent Shanxi people working, producing and living on the Loess Plateau. Visiting three folk museum < P > will give you a comprehensive understanding of Shanxi folk culture and leave a deep impression.

Shanxi, as one of the birthplaces of the ancient Chinese nation, the working people are creating splendid culture and civilization. Finishing

becomes the pursuit and creation of beautiful things. Tourists in Shanxi travel, We can see a series of folk festivals in Shanxi, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival on the 15th of the first month, Dragon Head Up on February 2nd, Qingming Festival, Duanyang Festival, Double Ninth Festival, etc. We can see the folk Spring Festival in Shanxi, Lantern Festival on the 15th of the first month, Dragon Head Up on February 2nd, and Qingming Festival. A series of festivals, such as "Dragon Head Up" on February 2nd, "Walking and Singing" on Qingming Festival, "Duanyang Festival" and "Double Ninth Festival"

, can be seen in Shanxi folk Spring Festival, "Lantern Festival" on January 15th, "Dragon Head Up" on February 2nd, "Walking and Singing" on Qingming Festival, nanzenji, Bukkoji and the riverside folk museum, and learn about the folk customs in northern Shanxi. Shanxi folk tourism resources are rich, unique and regional, but its development has not yet formed a pillar field in tourism. This paper analyzes the advantages of Shanxi folk tourism resources, the present situation and how to innovate and develop them in the future, aiming at promoting the development of Shanxi folk tourism and improving tourism efficiency.

[ Keywords] Folk tourism, development status, new thinking

Folk custom is folk custom, which is a life pattern passed down from generation to generation by the people in social life, and it is a collective habit of a social group in language, behavior and psychology. Folk-custom tourism is the sum total of cultural tourism activities in different places with regional folk-custom matters as the main ornamental content. Folk tourism resources are tourism products that are protected and developed with the traditional customs of a specific region or a specific nation as resources.

1. Development advantages of Shanxi folk tourism resources

Folk tourism resources include diet, architecture, festive festivals, seasonal seasons, handicrafts, literature and art, local products and so on. Shanxi is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the cradle of ancient Chinese culture. Our ancestors created a world-famous and far-reaching history and culture on the land of Sanjin. Folk tourism resources are rich and colorful, and Shanxi folk customs have the characteristics of simple folk, distinctive locality and rich diversity of resources.

1.1 Dietary Folklore

Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, Shanxi is one of the earliest and largest centers of agricultural origin in the world and the birthplace of China pasta culture. Nature has a special liking for nature, which makes Sanjin the region with the most complete variety of miscellaneous grains in the world. Shanxi people's dietary customs have a strong flavor of the Loess Plateau and traditional life characteristics, and their long history, rich connotation and profound accumulation have attracted worldwide attention.

1.1.1 Rich and diverse pasta

Shanxi is rich in dozens of kinds of grains, such as sorghum, naked oats, buckwheat, beans, corn, wheat and millet, which provide abundant food. Thousands of pasta can be made through the ingenuity of peasant women. Pasta with various shapes is delicious and attractive. There are more than a dozen kinds of noodle soup, such as Daoxiao Noodles, Picked Tip, Picked Slice and Turntable Picked Tip, which are not only different in appearance and taste, but also more nutritious when matched with dishes. Deep-fried braised noodles: more than 2 kinds of Taigu cakes, such as pancakes, fried dumplings with pot stickers, twists and oil cakes, enjoy a good reputation. They are crisp but not hard, soft but not skinned when eaten cold.

1.1.2 delicious dishes

in Shanxi's eating habits, dishes and staple foods appear at the same time. The dishes are not only rich in variety, but also delicious and refreshing. The most famous Shanxi specialties are: steamed crispy chicken in a big bowl, which is loose and fresh; Shanxi's oily meat won the gold medal in the cooking competition, which is refreshing and fresh enough; The pork face is crystal clear in appearance, and it tastes oily but not greasy; Stewed dish is a local dish with Shanxi characteristics, which is made of vermicelli, potatoes, meatballs and so on. It is very delicious.

Shanxi's special geographical conditions have given birth to rich and diverse wild vegetable resources, which are widely distributed, with high nutritional value, unique flavor and various eating methods, so wild vegetables are also one of the dishes with unique flavor in Shanxi. In the past, because there were no fresh vegetables in winter, we relied on pickles and sauerkraut to accompany our meals. All kinds of pickles and sauerkraut were almost a perennial necessity for Shanxi people.

1.2 Wedding, Funeral and Lunar New Year's Day Order

1.2.1 Wedding, Funeral and Funeral

Birth, marriage and funeral are the three major events in life, and Shanxi is no exception. For a long time, grand ceremonies have been formed, and activities are particularly particular. Since birth, there have been festivals such as full moon, 1 days, one year old and the birth year, etc. Generally, invitations, gifts and dinners are required for these festivals.

Marriage is the most important of the three major events, and the etiquette during the period from blind date, betrothal, and marriage to making trouble in the bridal chamber and returning home is very grand and elegant.

death is also an important event in life. The funeral in Shanxi is also unique, with many ceremonies and complicated attention. As far as its wearing is concerned, people should prepare clothes for the upper and lower parts of the four seasons before they die, which are embroidered with longevity flowers. When holding a funeral, children and their younger relatives are dressed in white from head to toe to show filial piety. Dedicated items are also very particular, 12 bowls and 8 tables of rice, bright color, rich variety and unique taste.

1.2.2-year-old seasonal season

The folk custom of seasonal season is closely linked with China's long-term agricultural society. With the climate change all year round, the planting and harvest of crops and the needs of people's lives have gradually formed a series of folk customs. There are mainly Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Laba Festival. Although it is a typical Chinese New Year season, the way to celebrate it is unique. For example, on the "Cold Food Festival" in Jinzhong, on this day, local people not only ban cold food and fire, but also make "cold swallow children" for children to eat and play. Eat zongzi at Dragon Boat Festival in May; Be a face-to-face person on July 15; During the Lantern Festival, there are Lantern Festival solve riddles on the lanterns and fireworks. In addition, there are some unique festivals in Shanxi, such as Shangliang Festival and Yougao Festival.

1.3 Folk architecture

Houses are closely related to people's mode of production, living characteristics and environment, and they are built according to local conditions and local materials. Shanxi cave dwelling is the most typical representative and unique. Cave dwellings on the Loess Plateau are scattered in mountainous areas with relatively large topographic relief. Using loess as material, caves are dug in places near the mountain or soil to avoid wind and sand, which is warm in winter and cool in summer.

another form of Shanxi folk houses is the courtyard. Courtyard is a typical feature of Shanxi, and most of them are the residences of merchants' families. Strong economic strength makes its residence large-scale, beautifully built, magnificent and patchwork. From the outside, it looks majestic and tall, neat and dignified, and there are rows of houses in the hospital; From the inside, it is magnificent and orderly, and the pavilions and patio gardens set each other off. Stone carvings, brick carvings and wood carvings can be seen everywhere in the existing courtyards, which are exquisite, rich in content, exquisite in patterns, exquisite in skills and rich in ideological connotation, reflecting the educational thoughts of Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and their people. For example, the stone carving "Lu Yu yue longmen" in Ningruiju, Wang Family Courtyard "refers to the rising of the sun", which embodies the Confucian educational thought; And "the nurse is loyal to her relatives" reflects the traditional moral concept; These are all expectations and teachings for the younger generation.

1.4 Handicraft skills

Folk embroidery has a long history in Shanxi, and it has a wide range of themes, rich contents, simple patterns, bright colors, simple composition, exaggerated modeling, correct needle method and exquisite embroidery, and reflects the characteristics of Shanxi customs and its own unique artistic style. Folk embroidery is mainly divided into three categories: clothing, daily necessities and sacrificial items, such as neckline and cuffs of clothes, hats, insoles and quilts, as well as pillows and purses. For example, insoles are often embroidered with patterns such as loving each other, boundless blessings, and lotus flowers.

Shanxi paper-cut is also widely circulated among the people, accompanied by birthdays, weddings, funerals, festive festivals and daily life. Paper-cutting used in life etiquette mainly expresses people's beautiful yearning and pursuit. For example, the word "Xi Xi" at the time of marriage means adding joy to happiness. The paper-cutting in Luliang area is simple, rough and vigorous; Jinnan paper-cut knives and pens are vigorous and hearty; The paper-cuts of Guangling and Lingqiu in Yanbei are dignified and gorgeous, which are both interesting beyond the Great Wall and beautiful inside. The Jinzhong paper-cut located in the hinterland of Shanxi has a round and beautiful, delicate and fine style.

Shanxi dough sculpture is also a kind of folk culture, which is called "flour flower" among the people. It is used as a token or symbol for gifts, sacrifices, celebrations and decorations on folk festivals such as ceremonies and New Year's Eve. There are many kinds of dough figurines with a wide range of themes. It can be said that nature has everything, such as animals, plants and people, to symbolize all the best, happiness and longevity, harmony and friendship.

Straw weaving is also a folk art in Shanxi. Straw weaving materials come from nature, including wheat straw, wicker, corn husk, rattan and so on. Straw weaving includes daily necessities and toy ornaments. In the folk, there are small ornaments to wear, small pieces to play with, cages, and bamboo baskets for placing fruits. The big ones are laundry baskets, carrying baskets, etc. They are farm utensils with beautiful shapes and vivid images. We should develop these folk straw weaves, so that they can be changed from simple practicality in ancient times to practical appreciation now, and can be extended to weave bags, ornaments, chair cushions and other supplies into the market.

1.5 literature and art

Shanxi is one of the cradles of China opera. There are mainly four kinds of operas: Jin Opera, Pu Opera, Shangdang Bangzi and Beilu Bangzi. Shanxi Opera, a representative opera in Shanxi Province, is characterized by its smooth melody, beautiful melody, mellow and cordial, clear and clear road, rich local flavor and its own unique style in Jinzhong area; Pu opera has a high singing voice and is simple and unrestrained; Shangdang Bangzi is loud and clear, rough and simple; Beilu Bangzi has a generous and exciting frontier style. In addition, Taoist drama and shadow play in Shanxi are also deeply loved by working people in urban and rural areas.

Shanxi folk songs are the crystallization of collective wisdom of working people for thousands of years, a true portrayal of working people's lives, and a reflection of the psychology, feelings and wishes of local people. These folk songs have a wide range of themes and profound contents, involving all aspects of social life. "Shanqu" in the northwest of Shanxi, "Flowering Tune" in Taihang Mountain and "Rolling Mats" in Xinzhou area are all short songs that working people can sing at any time in mountain fields, cliffs and yards, with short and simple forms; Freedom of melody and meter; Sincere feelings, no need to accompany. The folk songs are loud and clear; The flowering tone is euphemistic and delicate; There are many kinds of yangko, such as "Two-person Lift" in Hequ, "Little Flower Play" in Zuo Quan, and "Wind Stage Play" in Heshun. Many divertimentos sing historical figures or historical legends, such as Zuo Quan's "Da Qiang", Xingxian's "Kunqu Opera" and Lishi's "Playing and Singing".

the "yam and egg school" headed by Zhao Shuli is the most influential literary school in the history of new China literature. His works include Marriage of Young Blackies, Li Youcai's Banhua and so on. Zhao Shuli has made great historical contributions to the nationalization, popularization and localization of novel art, forming a unique artistic style, and is known as the "iron pen master" who writes about farmers. Under his influence, in 195s and 196s, a group of powerful writers, such as Ma Feng and Xi Rong, from Shanxi province, inherited the style of Marriage of Little Black and published a large number of works with similar styles, forming a group of writers whose influence spread all over the country. From the term "Shanyao Egg School", which is full of local flavor, we can easily imagine how close these works are to the masses and life, and the unique charm of Shanxi literature and art.

2. At present, the development status of folk tourism in Shanxi

Shanxi is a big province of cultural relics and tourism resources, and its folk tourism resources are more colorful and unique. However, so far, they have not been fully developed and utilized, and it is completely "unknown to those who are raised in boudoir". The main reasons are as follows.

2.1 The breadth and depth of development are not enough

Shanxi is a province rich in tourism resources, but not a province rich in tourism economy. This situation determines that a large number of tourism resources in Shanxi are unreasonably idle and wasted, which affects the rapid development of tourism in Shanxi. Shanxi folk tourism resources are distributed all over the province and have their own characteristics. At present, only a few courtyards in Jinzhong have been really developed, and the rest have hardly been developed. Only by digging out the scattered folk tourism resources and combining them with the local natural and cultural landscape can we solve the problem of breadth. Whether it is developed or undeveloped folk tourism resources, we should explore its deep-seated things. For example, weddings and funerals in Shanxi are unique, which can be reflected in tourism, and it is also necessary to bring them out in an all-round way, so that tourists can experience and feel the truly unique local characteristics, so as to attract more tourists. Besides, handicrafts such as embroidery and straw weaving in Shanxi are only circulated among the people and have not entered the market, which are all manifestations of insufficient development breadth and depth.

2.2 publicity is not strong enough

publicity is very important for tourism, especially for folk tourism. Because of its local and folk nature, local folk customs are not easy to be known to outsiders. Lagging publicity will make Shanxi folk tourism resources inhuman, make Shanxi folk tourism resources not developed and utilized, and affect the development of Shanxi tourism. Therefore, we should increase the publicity of folk tourism, so that more people can know about Shanxi and participate in folk tourism in Shanxi.

2.3 insufficient excavation of cultural connotation

Folk tourism is also a kind of cultural tourism, and the key to the long-lasting cultural tourism is to excavate its profound cultural connotation. For example, Huaxi Village, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, develops the folk tourism with the characteristics of Jiangnan water town, and the Dai water splashing festival in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, etc. They are innovative and have outstanding cultural connotations, which have achieved good economic and social benefits and enhanced the stamina of tourism development. Shanxi's folk tourism resources are unique, so we should explore their profound cultural connotations when developing folk tourism, so that tourists can feel the ancient and unique folk culture of Shanxi in their own experience.

2.4 ideas are not liberated

Many folk tourism resources with rich and profound cultural connotations have not been developed, mainly because Shanxi people's ideas are not liberated. For example, handicrafts (embroidery, paper-cutting, straw weaving) and local products are all unique things in Shanxi, but because people's ideas are not liberated and they do not fully realize the exploitability of these resources, they have not yet entered the market and formed a series of industries. Shanxi people are not avant-garde and conservative in thought, and the employees in tourism are backward in concept, poor in service consciousness and poor in water