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Where is the Chunxi Academy in history?

Historians have their own views on the specific location of Chunxi Courtyard. Some historians think that Chunxi Courtyard is south of Wanquan River on the south side of Qiyun Garden, which is now the northern part of Peking University. Others think that Chunxi Courtyard is located in Erhekai area outside the northeast corner wall of Changchun Garden.

According to historical records, the predecessor of Chunxi Academy was Shuchun Garden, which was a prince's garden built in the 46th year of Kangxi. At that time, seven princes were allowed to build gardens in the north of Changchun Garden. Because the place was not big enough, only four princes built gardens in this place, while the other three princes built gardens in the east of Changchun Garden.

Later, in the 28th year of Kangxi, the emperor gave this garden to Fu Heng, and Fu Heng directly changed the name of the garden. In the 45th year of Qianlong, Shuchunyuan was directly changed into Chunxiyuan. After the construction of Chunxiyuan was completed, Emperor Qianlong specially wrote an inscription for Chunxiyuan.

Chunxi Garden is not very important in the imperial garden in the west of Beijing, so Emperor Qianlong didn't come to this courtyard many times. Later, Emperor Qianlong directly gave the southern part of Shuchun Garden to He Shen, and after He Shen was robbed, Emperor Jiaqing directly gave it to the prince and princess. However, in the early years of the Republic of China, Xu Shichang, the president of Beiyang government, directly rented Minghe Garden and Jingchun Garden in the east, and changed its name to Dianbei Garden, and the east of Chunxi Garden was later Jingchun Garden.

However, according to the record in "An Examination of Old News in the Sun" edited by Hongli, it was he who converted Shuchun Garden into Chunxi Courtyard at that time. If Chunxi Courtyard was really built at Erhe Gate, the name of this garden would be directly changed to Chunxi Courtyard, and the Guandi Temple outside Changchun Garden would not exist alone.

Through the records in Textual Research on Old News in the Sun, we can understand the situation of Erhe Gate in Qianlong period, and also infer the specific location of Chunxi Courtyard. Although the specific location of Chunxi Academy is still controversial. However, as can be seen from the Textual Research on the Old News in the Sun, Chunxi Courtyard is probably the northern part of Peking University now, which is very likely and has some basis.

When Emperor Qianlong rewarded Chunxi Courtyard, he directly divided Chunxi Courtyard into several parts for the prince and princess respectively. Because Chunxi Courtyard has a relatively large area, Chunxi Courtyard has been divided into several parts with the passage of time. If you want to find the specific location of Chunxi Courtyard, you can only rely on the records of historical documents to infer it. Historians will also find the most likely location through their own understanding of history, instead of just relying on their own subjective guesses.