Zhuang people's diet
Zhuang people in most areas are used to eating three meals by solar eclipse, and Zhuang people in a few areas also eat four meals, that is, adding a small meal between lunch and dinner. Breakfast and Chinese food are relatively simple, generally porridge is eaten, dinner is dinner, dry rice is eaten more, and dishes are more abundant. Rice and corn are abundant grains in Zhuang areas and naturally become their staple food.
The daily vegetables include green vegetables, melon seedlings, melon leaves, Beijing cabbage (Chinese cabbage), Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard, lettuce, celery, spinach, kale, water spinach, radish, bitter herbs, and even bean leaves, sweet potato leaves, pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers and pea seedlings can also be vegetables. Boiling is the most common, and there is also the habit of pickling vegetables, such as pickled cabbage, sour bamboo shoots, salted radish, kohlrabi and so on. Add lard, salt and chopped green onion when cooking.
Zhuang people can't help eating any kind of livestock meat, such as pork, beef, mutton, chicken, duck, goose, etc. Some areas don't eat dog meat, while others love eating dog meat. Pork is also cooked in whole, then cut into square pieces, and then returned to the pot with seasoning. Zhuang people are used to making fresh chicken, duck, fish and vegetables into 7-8% maturity, and then frying the vegetables in a hot pot and then taking them out of the pot, which can keep the delicious taste of the dishes.
Zhuang people like to hunt and cook game and insects, and they have a lot of research on the dietotherapy of Panax notoginseng. It is very distinctive to cook with flowers, leaves, roots and whiskers of Panax notoginseng. Zhuang nationality is also good at roasting, frying, stewing, salting and marinating, addicted to alcohol, with spicy and sour taste, and likes to eat crisp and fragrant dishes. The main specialties are: spicy blood, roasted meat, roast duck in Zhuang family, salted liver, crispy fried bee, spiced bean worm, fried worm, skin and liver, ginger rabbit meat, white fried frog with three or seven flowers, and pounded chicken.
Zhuang people also brew rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine, all of which are not too strong. Among them, rice wine is the main drink for festivals and hospitality, and some rice wine is called chicken gall wine with chicken offal, chicken miscellaneous wine with pig liver. Drink chicken offal wine and pork liver wine in one gulp, and chew the chicken offal and pork liver left in your mouth slowly, which can not only relieve hangover, but also serve as a dish.
typical food: there are many famous dishes and snacks in Zhuang nationality, mainly including: horse's feet, raw fish, roast suckling pig, glutinous rice with flowers, Ningming Zhuangzong, champion firewood, white-cut dog meat, Zhuangjia Crispy Chicken, stewed dog with broken face and dragon pump.
Dong people's diet
Dong people's diet is mainly rice, and people prefer glutinous food. When relatives and friends visit, they often give each other glutinous food; Most wedding auspicious gifts are made of glutinous rice, and the festival zongzi and Ciba are all based on glutinous rice. There are many hillsides and far fields in the southern region, so glutinous rice is not only easy to carry, but also difficult to spoil. Many villages take glutinous rice as the main food. Glutinous rice is divided into glutinous rice, black glutinous rice, white glutinous rice, long-beard glutinous rice, bald glutinous rice, dry glutinous rice and Xianghe glutinous rice, and the same kind is divided into different varieties. Among them, "Xianghe Nuo" is the king of glutinous rice, and it is praised as "a steamed rice is fragrant in the village". When eating glutinous rice, because of its high viscosity, it is inconvenient to hold it in a bowl. You have to wash your hands and knead the rice into a ball, which is exactly the record of "fighting for rice with your hands" in historical materials. When eating, it is the same as eating steamed buns without a bowl and grasping them with your hands.
corn, millet, sorghum and other crops are also supplementary food for Dong people. With the communication with Han people, wheat, buckwheat, potato and other food crops have been introduced.
Dong men often drink alcohol, mainly in coping with rituals, festivals, sacrifices and social contacts. Whenever guests arrive or celebrate a wedding banquet, they always smell the fragrance of wine and songs, which makes people enchanted.
Dong family members eat three meals a day, with breakfast at about ten o'clock in the morning. Chinese food is around 2 pm; Dinner is around 9: p.m. Dinner was earlier in villages where Han people lived together.
Dong people's special foods include flat rice, camellia oleifera, sour food, roasted fish, purple flesh and blood, and beef. Camellia oleifera is a household food of Dong people. Visitors usually treat each other with Camellia oleifera, especially women often get together to eat Camellia oleifera. The production process of camellia oleifera is called "beating camellia oleifera". Camellia oleifera starts with "Yinmi", that is, the glutinous rice is dried, the "Yinmi" is fried into rice flowers in a tea oil pan, then peanuts and soybeans are fried, and then the sticky rice is fried in a pan, that is, the tea leaves are put into the pan and mixed, and an appropriate amount of warm water is poured, and salt is added to boil the tea juice. Put a little chopped green onion, spinach, chrysanthemum and other ingredients in a bowl and pour tea juice. Mix the rice flower, peanuts, soybeans and other things into the bowl and serve.
Sour soup can be divided into jar products and barrel products. There are sour soup, shrimp sauce, salted vegetables, spicy dishes and so on. Sour soup is made by storing rice-washing water in the jar and placing it by the fire. It is mainly used to cook fish, shrimp and vegetables. Sour soup fish is better.
Shrimp paste is prepared by mixing raw shrimps with dry and spicy noodles, crushing, adding rice flour, bean flour, ginger powder, orange peel and salt, stirring and storing in an jar for later use. When eaten, it is fried in oil, or used for stewing soup, which tastes fragrant.
You-Yan fish and You-Yan-rou You-Yan fish are made by disembowelling the fish, removing the internal organs, sprinkling salt powder, mixing glutinous rice and Chili powder with water to make it worse, putting it in a wooden bucket with the fish, putting the fish on the bottom of the bucket, covering the fish with broad leaves and grass circles, pressing it with rocks, and then filling it with clear water to make it isolated from the air. Those who have been elected for a long time for one or two decades are regarded as treasures. Making Youyan meat is to slice the meat, and the method is the same as that of Youyan fish, but there are many kinds of Youyan meat, such as Youyan pork, Youyan bird meat and so on. Dong people living in Shan Ye have caught so many birds that some people can't eat enough. They store them in barrels to make unitary dishes, among which quail tastes the best.
Roasted fish is a favorite dish of Dong people. There are two ways to barbecue: one is to bake on a dark fire, and it is better to roast the internal organs thoroughly, and the color is yellow and not burnt; Then it is placed in the thatch and roasted. When the grass is burned out, the fish is thoroughly cooked. Cooking fish with grass is fragrant. There are three ways to cook fish: one is to dip it in, that is, to mash roasted peppers, add onion, garlic, coriander and other ingredients to make hot sauce, and to dip the cooked fish in its hot sauce and mix it with sour soup. Roasted fish in Chili sauce is made by mashing cooked fish and mixing them into the Chili sauce made by the above method. Fish mixed with sour soup is made of taro sour soup, Chili noodles, onion, garlic, coriander, broken ear root and so on.
Purple flesh and blood is made by roasting lean meat to maturity, and mixing it with bad blood, Chili powder, coriander, onion and garlic. Purple flesh and blood is not only delicious, but also has the function of clearing away lung heat and preventing diseases.
Cow's flat meat is made by taking undigested grass juice from cow's stomach, adding lean meat as seasoning, and frying it in a pot. Cow carcass absorbs herbal solvent, which has medicinal effect. These two kinds of dishes are not only the favorites of some Dong families, but also the table delicacies of Han and other ethnic groups who have settled in Dong township.
Yao's diet
Yao's costumes are rich and varied, and different regions and branches are also different. Men's and women's clothing is mainly made of dark blue and blue homespun. Men like short shirts without collars, trousers or knee-length shorts, and generally wear waist belts. Men from "Bai Ku Yao" in Nandan County like knee-length embroidered white trousers. Generally, women wear collarless big-breasted blouses with waists, trousers, short skirts or pleated skirts, and some wear knee-length farmers with long back and short front, embroidered with colorful lace in conspicuous places. Nowadays, young people usually wear Chinese clothes and only change into national clothes during celebrations. Women's headdresses have various styles and unique styles. They often wear earrings, bracelets, silver medals and other silver ornaments, and when they ride on colored ribbons, some women in Dayaoshan wear arc-shaped big silver hairpin, which weighs about 1 kg. From the headdresses of Yao women, girls, unmarried women, married women and which Yao branch they belong to can be distinguished.
Diet: Yao people mainly eat rice, corn, sweet potato and taro, and some areas are popular with "camellia oleifera". Yao people in Dayaoshan like to preserve "bird's gizzard" and "animal's flesh gizzard" as top-grade hospitality, while others preserve foods with unique flavors such as smoked pork and smoked beef.
Residence: Yao people's houses are made of bamboo and wood, generally a rectangular building with three rooms, and some of them are built as dry-fence buildings, which are mostly built by mountains and live in groups.
Marriage custom: unmarried young men and women of Yao nationality are more free to fall in love. They make use of festivals, gatherings, and leisure time to wander around villages and villages, establish feelings by singing songs or other means, give each other tokens, and get married independently; Some people have to get their parents' consent and ask the media to make a marriage. The phenomenon of Yao's husband-in-law is relatively common, and they generally don't intermarry with other ethnic groups. With the economic development, their contacts with the outside world are getting closer and closer, and the number of marriages outside ethnic groups is also increasing.
Funeral: The burial of Yao people in rural areas is mainly local burial, and cremation, cliff burial and hanging burial are practiced in some areas and branches.
taboo: women don't like outsiders to visit before giving birth to a full moon; The wedding date cannot be chosen on the anniversary of parents' death; Men and women can't sit on the same stool when singing; Don't swear in front of women; No spitting in the hall; Men are afraid to sit in front of the cupboard. Men and women of the same generation are brothers and sisters, and it is forbidden to address them as "brother-in-law" and "brother-in-law"
The rich and varied living customs of the Yao people are an important part of Yao culture, a reflection of their living conditions, living environment, historical experiences, sanitary conditions, lifestyle, production development level, religious beliefs and aesthetic tastes, and a criterion and norm for the Yao people to live together and their thoughts and behaviors.