Zhoukou is located in the southeast of Henan province with a long and heavy history. With a history of civilization of more than 6, years ago, it is known as "the pioneer of China and the sacred site of Kyushu" and is the "cultural holy land of san huang's old capital" which occupies an important position in the history of Chinese civilization inheritance. The city covers an area of 11,959 square kilometers and has a population of 11.26 million. Zhoukou is famous for its outstanding people and celebrities. Laozi is the originator of Taoism, and the Tao Te Ching is immortal. Xie An, a teacher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Lingyun, a writer, Ji Hongchang, a modern national hero, and Yuan Shikai, a historical celebrity.
Zhoukou City is located in the southeast of Henan Province, bordering Fuyang City in Anhui Province in the east, Luohe City and Xuchang City in Henan Province in the west, Zhumadian City in the south and Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City in the north. On June 8, 2, it was approved by the State Council to withdraw its land and set up a city. The city covers an area of 11,959 square kilometers and has a population of 11.26 million. It has jurisdiction over 1 counties and cities in Fugou County, Xihua County, Shangshui County, Taikang County, Luyi County, dancheng, Huaiyang County, shenqiu county, Xiangcheng City and Chuanhui District, and a provincial development zone-Zhoukou Economic Development Zone. National Highway 311 runs through the east and west, and National Highway 16 runs through the north and south. Daqing-Guangzhou, Nanjing-Luoyang, Yongcheng-Dengfeng and Shangqiu-Zhoukou four expressways meet at Zhoukou, which is one of the few cities in the province with expressway around the city.
Zhoukou has a long and heavy history. With a history of civilization of more than 6, years ago, it is known as "the pioneer of China and the sacred site of Kyushu". Wanqiu (now Huaiyang County), the capital of Taihao Fuxi, established a surname and made a marriage, which ignited the first dawn of human civilization; Nu Wa, the goddess of China, is located in Xihua, where she made people from earth and refined stones to make up the sky, and was honored as the mother of Chinese humanities. Yandi Shennong's capital was in Chen (now Huaiyang County), tasting herbs and making fine grains, which initiated a new era of planting and breeding in China. Zhoukou therefore became the "cultural holy land of san huang's old capital" which occupied an important position in the history of Chinese civilization inheritance. Zhoukou belonged to the State of Chen in ancient times, and the Book of Songs Chen Feng was impressive. At the end of the warring States period, it was the seat of Chu capital, which was called ying Chen in history; In the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang established the Zhang Chu regime here; During the Han Dynasty, Chen was a prince's territory, prosperous and rich. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the county and the government have been set up with Huaiyang as the center. Zhoukou is an outstanding person, and there are many celebrities in history. Laozi (Li Er) is the originator of Taoism, and the Tao Te Ching is immortal. There are Xie An, a teacher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Lingyun, a writer, Ji Hongchang, a modern national hero, Yuan Shikai, a famous historical figure, and so on.
Zhoukou is rich in agricultural resources and is an important production base of grain, cotton, oil, meat and tobacco in China. Zhoukou is also an important export base for cattle, Huai goats and pigs. The produced Huai goat skin is an export inspection-free product, which is exported to the United States, Britain, Italy, Japan and Eastern European countries. Historically, it has been called the "two major leather capitals" of China, together with Zhangjiakou, Hebei. The central government has established major strategic material reserve projects such as national grain reserve, sugar reserve, pork reserve and cotton reserve here, and the development of agricultural products trade logistics industry has broad prospects.
Folding and editing the geographical location of this section
Folding landform
Zhoukou belongs to Huanghuai Plain, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast, with a natural slope of 1/5-1/7. The altitude is 35.5-64.3 meters. It is roughly bounded by the first line from Chuanhui District to Taikang, with an altitude of 5-64.3 meters in the west and a natural gradient of 1/5-1/6. The east elevation of the line is 35.5-5m, and the natural gradient is 1/6-1/7. The eastern part of Dancheng, the eastern and southeastern parts of Shenqiu, the central and southern parts of Xiangcheng are mostly below 4 meters above sea level, and the terrain is low and prone to waterlogging.
the landform of the whole city is characterized by large flatness and small unevenness. The overall landform is flat, but under the action of external force, the micro-landforms of ridges and depressions are widely developed, which changes the single form of plain landform. According to the geomorphological zoning and hierarchical system of Henan Province, the city is bounded by Shaying River, with the Yellow River alluvial flat plain in the north and Huaihe River and its tributaries alluvial lacustrine plain in the south. Ridges and hills are mostly distributed in the north of Shaying River and west of the line from Chuanhui District to Taikang. Slope depressions are widely distributed, mainly in the north of Shaying River. Shenqiu, Xiangcheng and Shangshui in the south also exist sporadically.
Soil types
Urban soils mainly include fluvo-aquic soil, Shajiang black soil, cinnamon soil and yellow cinnamon soil, including yellow cinnamon soil, fluvo-aquic soil, grey fluvo-aquic soil, wet fluvo-aquic soil, salinized fluvo-aquic soil, Shajiang fluvo-aquic soil, loamy fluvo-aquic soil, clayey fluvo-aquic soil, clayey grey fluvo-aquic soil and alluvial wet soil. The main soils are flood alluvial yellow cinnamon soil and sandy flood alluvial tidal cinnamon soil.
due to the influence of climate, geotectonics, alluvial of the Yellow River and Shaying River and people's social production activities, the urban soil is roughly bounded by Shaying River, and the southern part is mostly Shajiang black soil; To the north, it is the alluvial soil formed by people's hard work on the alluvial deposits of the Yellow River in the past dynasties, accounting for more than 77% of the total area of the city. These two kinds of soil are loose and fertile, which are suitable for crop planting and provide superior natural conditions for agricultural production in the city.
Hydrology
Zhoukou belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, and there are four fan-shaped water systems: Shaying River, Guo River, Xifei River and Ruhe River. Shaying River is the largest tributary of Huaihe River. Shahe River originates from Shiren Mountain in the west of Lushan County, Henan Province, and Yinghe River originates from Yanggan and Shaoshi Mountains in Songshan Mountains. The two rivers meet in Sunzui Village, Chuanhui District, and are called Shaying River. Shaying River and its tributaries, Jia Luhe, Fenquan River, Heihe River, New Canal and Xincai River, pass through the city, with a drainage area of 76%. The criss-crossing of the four major water systems not only forms a "natural irrigation" system, but also forms beautiful natural scenery. Like green streamers, all rivers flow from west to east, making the boundless plains fertile and colorful.
The surrounding water resources are abundant, and the underground water quality is good and pollution-free. According to the data of Zhoukou Hydrological Survey Bureau in 1998, the total amount of water resources is 2.981 billion cubic meters, with an average of 293.3 cubic meters per capita and 254.8 cubic meters per mu. The average annual surface water is about 4.488 billion cubic meters. Reasonable utilization of these water resources can basically meet the needs of industrial and agricultural production and human and livestock life in the city, and provide water resources guarantee for the city's economic development.
natural climate in this section
folding climatic conditions
Zhoukou is located in the mid-latitude zone, which belongs to warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate with distinct four seasons, large temperature difference and uneven precipitation. The general climate features are: less cold rain and snow in winter, concentrated hot rain in summer, short warm season in spring and autumn, and more wind at the turn of spring and summer. Light, heat and water resources are abundant, which is beneficial to the production of various crops and trees and suitable for the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
temperature the average annual temperature in Zhoukou is between 14.5℃ and 15.8℃. The average temperatures in the four seasons are 14.5℃, 26℃, 15℃ and 1.6℃ respectively. The extreme maximum temperature reached 43.2℃ (Zhoukou Town, July 19, 1966) and the extreme minimum temperature was-21℃ (Huaiyang County, January 1955). The annual average temperature variation is about 27℃, and the annual cycle variation is between ℃ and 28℃. In recent years, the temperature has risen slightly, between 1℃ and 2℃. The average frost period in the city is 146 days, and the frost-free period is 219 days.
Folding precipitation
The annual precipitation in the whole city is 689-816mm, and more than 85% of the precipitation is in the growing season of crops, which can basically meet the needs of crop growth. Summer precipitation is concentrated, with an average precipitation of 371.9 mm, accounting for 5.2% of the annual precipitation, and the spatial and temporal distribution is uneven, with heavy rain and heavy rain, and the rainfall is decreasing from southeast to northwest of Zhoukou; Snowfall is rare in winter, with an average snowfall depth of 12 cm.
folding illumination
The average annual sunshine hours in the city are 225-2269 hours, and the total annual solar radiation is 122.4 kcal/cm2, of which the photosynthetic effective radiation that can be utilized by plants is 59 kcal/cm2. On a quarterly basis, the season of vigorous crop growth from April to September is a good time with the most rainfall and sunshine hours close to 2 hours, which are very beneficial to agricultural production in Zhoukou.
Folding natural resources
There are more than 17 kinds of plants and nearly 8 kinds of animals in Zhoukou. The precious biological species are Zhoukou yellow cattle, Huai goat, Huaiyang donkey, Xiangcheng pig, perch and white turtle; White-flowered paulownia, high-mouthed cherry, and aged pear; Day lily, Xiaoyao green onion, house grave leek, asparagus.
Folding and editing tourist attractions in this section
Zhoukou Park
Zhoukou is rich in human and tourism resources. Taihao Fuxi, the head of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, established Wanqiu, the first capital city in China's history, where Chen, Chu and Zhang Chu, the peasant regime, successively established their capitals. There are 875 mu of ancient buildings-Fuxi Mausoleum of Taihao, 1, mu of Longhu Lake where people and Fuxi Mausoleum are integrated, Xihua Nuwa City, Zhoukou Guandi Temple, which is called the Museum of Ancient Architecture, King Chu Qingxiang's Tomb, which is known as the Tomb Museum, and the palace of Yuan Shikai, the last emperor of China. In addition, there are Fuxi Huatuatai, Shennong Wugutai, Confucius Xiange Tower, Chen Sheng Dianjiangtai and Laozi Ascending to Sendai ...
There are 3 4A-level scenic spots (Luyi Taiqing Palace, Laozi's hometown tourist area and Taihaoling Scenic Area), 1 3A-level scenic spot (Guandi Temple) and 2 2A-level scenic spots (Central Plains Folk Culture Park), and Huaiyang Longhu is a national wetland park. There are nearly 1, sites and sites in Zhoukou, including 7 national key cultural relics protection units, 28 provincial key cultural relics protection units and 262 municipal and county key cultural relics protection units.
Pingliangtai Ancient City
Located in Huaiyang County, with a history of more than 4,6 years, it is the earliest ancient city site unearthed in China. The site is well planned, with strict defense facilities, public sewers, advanced housing construction and handicraft workshop areas. Archaeologists have analyzed and verified a large number of unearthed cultural relics combined with historical documents. The ancient city of Pingliangtai is the ancient ruins of Tai Hao-the capital of Guwanqiu. The Book of Songs? It is here that Wan Qiu and Dong Men Qi in Chen Feng are described. This site was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in 1988.
Taihao Mausoleum Temple
Taihao Mausoleum Temple is the mausoleum temple of Fu Xishi, the "head of san huang", located in Huaiyang County. According to the Records of Chen Zhou Prefecture, the mausoleum was built in the Spring and Autumn Period, and expanded continuously in the Tang and Song Dynasties, forming a scale. In the Yuan Dynasty, the sacrifices were not repaired, and the temple appearance was gradually destroyed. Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, issued a imperial edict to rebuild it. After many renovations and rebuilds in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was of great scale.
Ruins of the Taiqing Palace in Luyi
The Taiqing Palace in Luyi
was originally a temple of Laozi, which was built in the eighth year of Emperor Tingxi of the Eastern Han Dynasty (165) and later changed to a temple of Laozi. The emperors of the Tang Dynasty recognized Laozi as the ancestor, respected Taoism, and built palaces and temples on the basis of Laozi's shrine. In the 3th year of Tang Kaiyuan (725), Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, officially changed the name of the palace to Taiqing Palace.
Zhoukou Guandi Temple
Zhoukou Guandi Temple
This temple is a magnificent and rich ancient architectural complex with distinctive local style, which was built by merchants from Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places in the Qing Dynasty. In the old days, it was also called "Shanshan Guild Hall". Founded in 1693, it was completed in 1852. The temple is a three-step courtyard, covering an area of more than 21,6 square meters, with more than 14 existing halls, halls and pavilions. In 1996, it was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit as "an ancient architectural complex with good preservation and high architectural artistic value in Henan Plain".
Shangshui Shousheng Temple Tower
is a nine-level pavilion-style brick tower with a height of 41.5 meters and a regular hexagon on the plane. It was built in 133, the second year of Song Mingdao. The unique architectural style of the tower provides a rare physical evidence for studying the spread of Buddhism in the hinterland of the Central Plains in the Song Dynasty.
Longquan Temple in Xihua County
Longquan Temple is located in Sidugang Village, Niedui Town, 1 kilometers north of Xihua County, and 5 meters away from Nuwa City in the west. It was first built in Han Dynasty, and was rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because of the original ancient pool in front of the temple, the spring water does not dry up all year round, hence the name "Longquan Temple". The temple covers an area of 2 mu, and the existing main hall is five rooms wide. Although it has been partially repaired in the later period, it still retains the ancient architectural style. The hall is dedicated to Sakyamuni Buddha and eighteen arhats, and the ancient carved stone pier with wooden pillars in the hall gallery is of high artistic value. In front of the temple, two ancient monuments were erected in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and the corridors on both sides were dedicated to bodhisattvas. The temple gate plaque "Longquan Temple" is the original stone carving of the Ming Dynasty. Longquan Temple, a well-preserved ancient temple in eastern Henan, is a county-level cultural relic protection unit. Every temple fair on the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar with Nuwa City, there are many tourists.
Taikang Confucian Temple
was founded in 1426, destroyed by war in 1642 and rebuilt in 1667. Its southern architectural style is rare in the Central Plains.
Lvtan School
Also known as Ji Hongchang School, was founded by Ji Hongchang, a famous anti-Japanese national hero. In 1921, Ji Hongchang, then the battalion commander, raised funds with his father, and used the Longwang Temple in the town to set up "Lubei Primary School". This school has trained a large number of talents for the country. Today, the former site of the school has become a patriotic education base.
Zhoukou Culture and Art Center
Zhoukou Culture and Art Center consists of museums, libraries, art groups, and central cultural relics warehouse. The main project has been capped, and the workers are busy with indoor and outdoor decoration, which is expected to be completed by the end of this year. "The municipal cultural and art center accounts for three of the" three pavilions "
Zhoukou Cultural and Art Center has the largest construction area, the highest total cost and the largest floor space," said the project manager. The exterior decoration of the Municipal Cultural and Art Center is all made of external marble and glass curtain wall. After completion, it looks more atmospheric in overall effect and unique in shape, and each floor has a sloping roof. There is not only a finely decorated hall nearly 2 meters high, but also two multi-function halls that can accommodate 5 people and 3 people respectively. The wall of the central cultural relics warehouse is a concrete protective wall, equipped with a reinforced concrete floor and a special vault door. [14]
Zhoukou Sports Center
The planned area of Zhoukou Sports Center is 86 mu, and the estimated investment of the whole sports center project is nearly 6 million yuan, which is the largest public infrastructure construction project in Zhoukou City at present.
China Brush Museum
Brush Museum held a grand opening ceremony in Zhoukou on November 26th, 21, which was fully open to the public.
Opening Ceremony of China Brush Museum
Attractions
Longhu National Wetland Park
Longhu National Wetland Park is located in the east of Huaiyang County, and the planning scope is defined in the east of Xinhua Street, the old city of Chen State and Caizhuang, with the second ring road as the boundary in the east, south and north. According to the plan, the completed Longhu National Wetland Park will be integrated with the 1,-acre Longhu Lake, forming a wetland eco-tourism area with distant sky and clear water, flowers, birds, insects and fish, and ancient houses. Included in the plan are bird watching garden, rare botanical garden, leisure fishing garden, lakeside amusement park, wetland maze and other construction projects.
Huaiyang Longhu Lake is located in the urban area of Huaiyang County, which is the largest lake around the city in China. It consists of four parts: East Lake, Liuhu Lake, Xiange Lake and Nantan Lake. It is 4.4 kilometers wide from east to west, 2.5 kilometers long from north to south, with a dike of 14 kilometers, covering an area of 11 square kilometers (16,483 mu) and a water area of more than 8, mu. The region has a typical lake wetland ecosystem and abundant animal and plant resources, which is an important stopover, wintering and breeding ground for migratory birds in central China. There are 16 unique cultural and natural landscapes in the lake. Wanqiu, the capital city built by Fuxi, the ancestor of Chinese humanities, and Taihao Mausoleum, the resting place, are all located on the lakeside, so Huaiyang has become a holy place for Chinese at home and abroad to seek their roots and visit their ancestors.
Taihao Mausoleum
Taihao Mausoleum is located in Huaiyang County, Henan Province.